Exam 3 Flashcards
What children are considered resilient?
- those who achieve positive outcomes despite being at significant risk for psychopathology
What are some of the protective factors that reduce the chances of a child developing a disorder?
- sociable, self-confidence, high self-esteem, easygoing disposition
- authoritative parent, warmth, structure, high expectations, extended supportive family networks
- attendance at effective schools, connections to soical organizations
What’s the difference between physical abuse and neglect?
- PA - physical action (hitting, punching,kicking, slapping, etc.)
- neglect: do not follow through on caregiver obligations
What’s the most common type of maltreatment?
- neglect
What are the four types of neglect?
- medical neglect (doesn’t get child medical care if sick or injured)
- physical neglect (must have shelter, food, be able to take care of hygiene)
- educational neglect (have to go to school at age 6 or be homeschooled)
- moral/emotional neglect (raise to do things considered immoreal or do not have positive feelings for child;indifferent)
Why is it hard to define physical abuse?
- ) hard to distinguish from common parenting practices
- ) definitions vary over time
- ) definitions vary over cultures/locations
- ) whose behavior counts: parent or child
- ) intent
What are the cultural/social factors that increase risk for physical abuse? PUVSETMSE
- poverty
- unemployment
- experience violence first-hand
- single-parent households
- less educated
- teen parents
- marital conflict
- social isolation or family isolation
- entertainment industry
What are the child characteristics that increase risk for physical abuse?
- ) ADHD/ODD/CD
- ) have physical problems
- ) difficult temperaments
How many deaths per day due to PA? Age of victims & how they are killed
- 4+ deaths per day
- under age 4
- usually by being shaken too hard
What is the most common outcome of PA for children of all ages?
- display physical and verbal aggression
- hostile attribution bias
What is hostile attribution bias?
- child interprets everyday neutral events as threatening/hostile to them
Explain the different attachment outcomes for infants
- tested with Strange Situations Procedure (SSP)
- secure attachment: greet mom, leave mom, explore room
- insecure attachment (more likely for PA) : ambivalent to mom, clingy, avoidant, emotionally disorganized
How do adolescents who are abused think? What’s their attribution style?
- internal locus of control when bad things happen;. attribute bad things to themselves
- external locus of control when good things happen; attribute to others
- hostile attribution
What are the characteristics of DSM Reactive Attachment Disorder?
- emotionally withdrawn from caretakers
- no emotional responsiveness
What are the characteristics of DSM Disinhibited Social Engagement?
- actively approach unfamiliar people
Who must report child abuse?
- anyone whose work/employment brings them in regular contact w/ children
- ex. counselors, teachers, social workers, police officers, clergy, physicians
- “suspect” or “believe” child abuse will happen
With respect to SA what are the recent changes that have been noted in the culture and what is the outcome of those changes?
- more awareness and knowledge
- prevention and intervention/treatments
- outcome: reports of SA have decreased
What are the characteristic of perpetrators?
- siblings, step-fathers, biological fathers, known but not related
What is the percentage of kids who disclose their abuse during childhood?
- 30-50% report during childhood
When kids do report, how long do they wait?
- 1.5 - 3 yrs
What percent of childhood reports are false?
- 2.5-6%
What are the reasons kids don’t report?
- fear retaliation
- self-blame - kids are egocentric, think they caused it
- have relationship w/ offender; “grooming”
- boys as victims may not see it as abuse
- may have liked it or experienced pleasure at some moment
- lack of knowledge about assault or sex
What percent of children are symptom free and what percent recover within a year?
- 33% are symptom free
- 66% recover within a year
What factors influence a child’s reaction to sexual abuse?
- non-offending parent’s response (should be supportive and protective)
- type of assault
- force
- relationship to perp
- duration and repetition
