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PSY 302 - Psychopathology of Childhood > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What children are considered resilient?

A
  • those who achieve positive outcomes despite being at significant risk for psychopathology
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2
Q

What are some of the protective factors that reduce the chances of a child developing a disorder?

A
  • sociable, self-confidence, high self-esteem, easygoing disposition
  • authoritative parent, warmth, structure, high expectations, extended supportive family networks
  • attendance at effective schools, connections to soical organizations
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3
Q

What’s the difference between physical abuse and neglect?

A
  • PA - physical action (hitting, punching,kicking, slapping, etc.)
  • neglect: do not follow through on caregiver obligations
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4
Q

What’s the most common type of maltreatment?

A
  • neglect
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5
Q

What are the four types of neglect?

A
  • medical neglect (doesn’t get child medical care if sick or injured)
  • physical neglect (must have shelter, food, be able to take care of hygiene)
  • educational neglect (have to go to school at age 6 or be homeschooled)
  • moral/emotional neglect (raise to do things considered immoreal or do not have positive feelings for child;indifferent)
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6
Q

Why is it hard to define physical abuse?

A
  1. ) hard to distinguish from common parenting practices
  2. ) definitions vary over time
  3. ) definitions vary over cultures/locations
  4. ) whose behavior counts: parent or child
  5. ) intent
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7
Q

What are the cultural/social factors that increase risk for physical abuse? PUVSETMSE

A
  • poverty
  • unemployment
  • experience violence first-hand
  • single-parent households
  • less educated
  • teen parents
  • marital conflict
  • social isolation or family isolation
  • entertainment industry
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8
Q

What are the child characteristics that increase risk for physical abuse?

A
  1. ) ADHD/ODD/CD
  2. ) have physical problems
  3. ) difficult temperaments
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9
Q

How many deaths per day due to PA? Age of victims & how they are killed

A
  • 4+ deaths per day
  • under age 4
  • usually by being shaken too hard
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10
Q

What is the most common outcome of PA for children of all ages?

A
  • display physical and verbal aggression

- hostile attribution bias

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11
Q

What is hostile attribution bias?

A
  • child interprets everyday neutral events as threatening/hostile to them
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12
Q

Explain the different attachment outcomes for infants

A
  • tested with Strange Situations Procedure (SSP)
  • secure attachment: greet mom, leave mom, explore room
  • insecure attachment (more likely for PA) : ambivalent to mom, clingy, avoidant, emotionally disorganized
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13
Q

How do adolescents who are abused think? What’s their attribution style?

A
  • internal locus of control when bad things happen;. attribute bad things to themselves
  • external locus of control when good things happen; attribute to others
  • hostile attribution
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14
Q

What are the characteristics of DSM Reactive Attachment Disorder?

A
  • emotionally withdrawn from caretakers

- no emotional responsiveness

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of DSM Disinhibited Social Engagement?

A
  • actively approach unfamiliar people
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16
Q

Who must report child abuse?

A
  • anyone whose work/employment brings them in regular contact w/ children
  • ex. counselors, teachers, social workers, police officers, clergy, physicians
  • “suspect” or “believe” child abuse will happen
17
Q

With respect to SA what are the recent changes that have been noted in the culture and what is the outcome of those changes?

A
  • more awareness and knowledge
  • prevention and intervention/treatments
  • outcome: reports of SA have decreased
18
Q

What are the characteristic of perpetrators?

A
  • siblings, step-fathers, biological fathers, known but not related
19
Q

What is the percentage of kids who disclose their abuse during childhood?

A
  • 30-50% report during childhood
20
Q

When kids do report, how long do they wait?

A
  • 1.5 - 3 yrs
21
Q

What percent of childhood reports are false?

A
  • 2.5-6%
22
Q

What are the reasons kids don’t report?

A
  • fear retaliation
  • self-blame - kids are egocentric, think they caused it
  • have relationship w/ offender; “grooming”
  • boys as victims may not see it as abuse
  • may have liked it or experienced pleasure at some moment
  • lack of knowledge about assault or sex
23
Q

What percent of children are symptom free and what percent recover within a year?

A
  • 33% are symptom free

- 66% recover within a year

24
Q

What factors influence a child’s reaction to sexual abuse?

A
  • non-offending parent’s response (should be supportive and protective)
  • type of assault
  • force
  • relationship to perp
  • duration and repetition
25
Q

What is precocious sexual knowledge?

A
  • knowing something age-inappropriate
26
Q

Explain PTSD as an outcome of SA

A
  • “intrusive” memories about the assault
  • when in presence of cues that resemble the events of teh assault
  • they “re-live” or “re-behave” the experience in presence of cues - same thoughts and emotions
27
Q

Describe dissociative behavior and why it is adaptive in short-term and maladaptive in long-term

A
  • lose awareness of outside surroundings; may feel like outside of body
  • adaptive: may happen during assault; escape bad emotions, thoughts, feelings during assault
  • maladaptive: when used with other stressors or places, can be dangerous when not aware of surroundings
28
Q

What is traumatic sexualization?

A
  • behavior inappropriate developmentally
  • may become promiscuous
  • sexual frigidity - inability to experience pleasure during intimacy
  • higher risk to be re-victimized again as a child
  • may offend others
29
Q

What are other outcomes of SA?

A
  • non-suicidal self-injury
  • depression
  • guilt
  • eating disorders
  • medical problems: STD, UTI, gynecological problems, pregnancy
  • early onset puberty
30
Q

What are the strategies therapists use to cope?

A
  • humor
  • take care of self and family first
  • do happy stuff
  • avoid reminders of work
31
Q

In regards to treatment, what are parents taught?

A
  • do not catastrophize
  • do not discipline sexualized behavior (redirect, teach)
  • support and protect
  • no self-blame (parents shouldn’t blame self, takes away focus from child)
32
Q

Why have the child present details to the therapist?-

A
  • necessary for rapport
  • desensitization/habituation (to the point where cues don’t trigger anything anymore)
  • if therapist knows all the details of the story then the child believes therapist when they say “its ok” and “not your fault”

PSY 302 - Psychopathology of Childhood (5 decks)

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