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GEOG 111 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

the study of the “house” (world)

A

ecology

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2
Q

the study of the distribution of plants and animals in space and what kinds of things describe it

A

biogeography

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3
Q

10 in of snow equals how many inches of liquid precipitation

A

1 inch

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4
Q

tropical forest is

A

hot and wet

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5
Q

deciduous forest is

A

temperate and wet

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6
Q

spruce-fir forest is

A

cool and wet

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7
Q

moist tundra is

A

polar and wet

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8
Q

between biomes the transitions are

A

gradual

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9
Q

transition zone between two different ecosystems

A

ecotone

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10
Q

German geographer spent a lot of time in central and south america

A

Alexander von Humboldt

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11
Q

latitudinal vegetation can be similar to

A

altitudinal vegetation

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12
Q

there is less vegetation where there is a

A

high sun angle

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13
Q

the sphere of life

A

biosphere

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14
Q

large terrestrial based ecosystems

A

biomes

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15
Q

there are ______ species of plants

A

270,000

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16
Q

there are __ biomes

A

10

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17
Q

ETR biome name

A

Equatorial and Tropical Rainforest

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18
Q

the ETR biome has no

A

dry season

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19
Q

Amazon Basin (not just Brazil), Congo basin, and southeast Asia

A

ETR

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20
Q

in the ETR there is not a lot of

A

variation

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21
Q

ETR challenges for plants

A

soils are nutrient poor

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22
Q

lianas are

A

vines

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23
Q

a plant that uses another plant for physical support

A

epiphyte

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24
Q

a plant that starts as an epiphyte and take over a tree by strangling it

A

stranglers

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25
Q

TrSF biome name

A

Tropical Seasonal Forest and Scrub

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26
Q

Pacific coast of central America and central/ southern Africa

A

TrSF

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27
Q

TrSF has a __ month winter dry season

A

4

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28
Q

TrSF climograph will have

A

4 month winter dry season, very wet summer, hot year round

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29
Q

the ITCZ affects Myanmar in what biome

A

trsf

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30
Q

trsf has dry season

A

desiduosness

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31
Q

Topography, ITCZ, orographic uplift, NE Trade winds, all effect ____ on the windward side of the central American volcanic access

A

precipitation

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32
Q

____ rainforest is very diverse, trees always have leaves, and its river has more water by volume than all rivers in the US

A

Amazon

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33
Q

what allowed people to cultivate crops in nutrient poor soils

A

slash and burn agriculture

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34
Q

trsf has high

A

animal diversity

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35
Q

TrS biome name

A

Tropical Savanna

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36
Q

TrS has a lot of

A

grasslands and scattered trees

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37
Q

the Sahel of Africa, parts of Brazil, Venezuela, and Columbia

A

TrS

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38
Q

TrS dry (winter) season is

A

6-7 months

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39
Q

TrS wet (summer) season is never longer than

A

6 months

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40
Q

TrS is wet when it is under the influence of the ____ in its respective hemisphere

A

intertropical convergence zone

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41
Q

In the TrS grasses are very tall and green in the

A

wet season

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42
Q

___ is good for the TrS ecosystem to renew itself for the wet season, usually occurs because of lighning

A

fire

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43
Q

plants that are able to cope with the dry season

A

xerophytic

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44
Q

plants have smaller leaves when

A

they want to save moisture bc they do not transpire as much

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45
Q

vegetation along the banks of a river

A

riparian vegetation

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46
Q

__ climates are arid

A

B

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47
Q

the supply of moisture never meets the demand in the

A

desert

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48
Q

in the desert precipitation is always less than

A

POTET (Potential Evapotranspiration)

49
Q

deserts cover ___ of the earth’s terrestrial surface

A

1/3

50
Q

there are _ kinds of deserts

A

4

51
Q

what kind of desert when air comes down from above and there is not precipitation; occurs in the Northern Hemisphere and central Australia

A

Sub Tropical High Pressure Desert

52
Q

what are the 4 kinds of deserts

A

Subtropical high pressure, coastal, interior, and rain shadow

53
Q

what kind of desert is on the west coast of continents, all have cold currents off their coasts which cools the air above it, the cold air is then stagnant; occurs in the W Coast of Mexico, and S America

A

Coastal desert

54
Q

An inland desert away from the coast; occurs across Asia

A

interior desert

55
Q

Patagonia desert is a ____ and a ____ desert

A

rain shadow desert and a cold desert

56
Q

____ decreases rapidly from west to east towards the Atlantic ocean in Patagonia

A

precipitation

57
Q

Deserts do not all have to be ___

A

hot

58
Q

the Sahara desert can have a temperature range from ____ to ____

A

126 F to 26 F

59
Q

there is infrequent ______ in a desert

A

precipitation

60
Q

dew and fog are an important source of moisture for

A

coastal deserts

61
Q

salty soils are common in ____ because of irrigation

A

deserts

62
Q

plants that don’t live long but before they die they seed and the seeds can lie around for years and will still be able to be germinated

A

ephemeral annuals

63
Q

_______ have root systems that are long and sometimes can reach the water table

A

phreatophytes

64
Q

_____ will release toxins in the soil to get rid of competition

A

Allellopathy

65
Q

leaves that are ____ and ____ are less likely to lose moisture

A

tough and waxy

66
Q

____ is when water fills the crook of a canyon and gush out and then leave sediments that were suspended in the water

A

alluvial fan

67
Q

MGr name

A

Midlatitude Grasslands

68
Q

Great Plains (N. Am), pampas of Argentina & Uruguay, piece in S Africa (High Veldt), Central Asia and Middle East

A

MGr

69
Q

There are usually only _____ trees in the MGr

A

riparian

70
Q

there is a lot of variation in _____ in MGr

A

temperature

71
Q

there is no ______ in the MGr

A

dry season; precipitation all year long

72
Q

MSh name

A

Mediterranean shrubland

73
Q

Characteristics of MSh

A

dry summer subtropical

74
Q

SW Africa, SW Australia, Northern Africa, part of the Middle East, and Southern Europe

A

MSh

75
Q

Temperatures in MSh

A

dry hot summer, low relative humidity, mild winter

76
Q

Precipitation in MSh

A

dry summer, moderately wet winter

77
Q

MSh is influenced by ____ and ____ seasonally based on their movement

A

ITCZ and subtropical highs

78
Q

very strong high _____ (_____) on their coasts

A

pressure (anticyclones)

79
Q

small dense shrubs and tree-cover is called

A

chaparral vegetation

80
Q

50% of the ___ is chaparral and the other 50% is grasslands

A

MSh

81
Q

____ vegetation is restricted to a particular area

A

endemic

82
Q

MSh has a lot of ____ vegetation

A

evergreen

83
Q

MSh has very _____ soils

A

hydrophobic: top layer of the soil is water repellent

84
Q

leaves that are flat and expansive (broad)

A

broadleaf

85
Q

leaves that resemble needles

A

needleleaf

86
Q

experiences the seasonal loss of leaves, onset of the dry season

A

deciduous

87
Q

doesn’t experience seasonal loss of leaves

A

evergreen

88
Q

“ancient” plants, seed is in a cone and is released, commonly known as a conifer

A

Gymnosperms (Ex: pine cone)

89
Q

Have seeds that are encased in a fruit, nut, or pod, all broadleaf trees are these type

A

Angiosperms (Ex: Cherry- fruit, walnuts- nut, maple tree- pod)

90
Q

MBME biome name

A

Midlatitude Broadleaf Mixed Forest

91
Q

Eastern US into the midwest, western and central Europe, and East Asia

A

MBME

92
Q

MBME is typically a ______ phenomena

A

northern hemisphere

93
Q

MBME is known for temperature _____ and no _______

A

extremes; dry season

94
Q

Chicago is colder than Rochester because

A

Chicago is more landlocked

95
Q

TeR biome name

A

Temperate Rain Forest

96
Q

the pacific northwestern US into British Columbia (main location)

A

TeR

97
Q

Tasmania, New Zealand, and Southern South America (small portions)

A

TeR

98
Q

TeR supports growth of ______ and ______ without a lot of diversity in vegetation

A

Broadleaf deciduous trees and needleleaf evergreen trees

99
Q

There are no temperature ____ in the TeR but there is a lot of _____

A

extremes; precipitation

100
Q

_____ needs environmental triggers, like fire, to release seeds from their cone/pod

A

Serontinous

101
Q

NF/MF biome name

A

Needleleaf forest/ Montane Forest

102
Q

Scandinavia and Russia, Most of Canada and a small ribbon in N. America

A

NF/MF

103
Q

Montane forests are found

A

at high altitudes (not really important)

104
Q

Boreal is ______ while Austral is ______

A

northern; southern

105
Q

what tree is deciduous needleleaf and loses its needles

A

Larch (Tamarack) Tree

106
Q

Larch tree is found in

A

very harsh areas, Northern part of the NF biome, with brutal extremes

107
Q

There is not much species diversity in the _____ forest

A

Borreal

108
Q

What does the cone shape of trees do for them

A

it gives them more of an opportunity to receive solar radiation

109
Q

Northern fringe of Alaska, N. America, Greenland, Russia

A

Arctic tundra

110
Q

two types of tundra

A

arctic and alpine

111
Q

Arctic tundra characteristics

A

long nasty winters, low sun angles, massive variation in length of day, under polar high pressure for most of the year

112
Q

it can go below freezing any day of the year in what biome

A

arctic tundra

113
Q

Major difference between arctic and alpine tundra

A

arctic tundra has permafrost everywhere, not likely in alpine tundra (but not impossible)

114
Q

the tundra is the only ______ biome

A

treeless

115
Q

Alpine tundra occurs at

A

lower latitudes, high altitudes in mountainous areas

116
Q

Tibetan plateau and central Andes (Altiplano)

A

Alpine tundra

117
Q

Some parts of ____ tundra can be kind of warm with higher sun angles

A

alpine

118
Q

the landscapes of both kinds of ____ resemble each other (treeless, etc)

A

tundra

119
Q

The tree line decreases in elevation the farther you get from

A

the equator

GEOG 111 (5 decks)

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