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PT 711-Kinesiology > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

osteokinematics:

A

study of movement that involves movement of bones
(no forces)
-tibia on talus

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2
Q

arthrokinematics:

A

study of movement that involves movement of joints
(no forces)
-roll,glide, spin

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3
Q

kinetics:

A

has to do with forces

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4
Q

the axis of rotation is _____ to the plane of motion

A

perpendicular

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5
Q

how many degrees of freedom for each cardinal plane?

A
  • 3 of rotation

- 3 for translational (accessory motion)

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6
Q

high young’s modulus vs a lower young’s modulus:

A
  • high has a steeper slope so it is a stiffer material

- lower has less of a slope so less stiff

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7
Q

plasticity

A

-when a material deforms permanently

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8
Q

elasticity

A

-matierial can return to original shape after loading

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9
Q

most tendons fail at:

A

8-13% beyond prestretched length

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10
Q

toe region is caused by

A

: uncrimping of collagen

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11
Q

moment arm:

A

-perpendicular distance from axis to line of pull of force

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12
Q

moment arm is 0 if:

A
  1. the force pierces the axis

2. the force parallels the axis

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13
Q

purpose of type II collagen:

A

-provide framework for maintaining shape and consistency of the structure

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14
Q

dense connective tissue:

A
  • low proteoglycans and elastin
  • type I collagen
  • few cells
  • limited blood supply
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15
Q

diarthrodial joints

A
  • synovial joints
  • freely moveable
  • joint cavity separates bones
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16
Q

loose connective tissue:

A

does not have as much collagen

17
Q

type I collagen:

A
  • thick fibers that elongate little when stretched

- comprise ligaments, tendons, fascia, fibrous joint capsules

18
Q

type II collagen

A
  • thinner fibers
  • framework for maintaining general shape and consistency of structures
  • ex: hyaline cartilage
19
Q

effect of rapid loading:

A

becomes instantaneously more brittle

20
Q

bone has what type of collagen?

A

type I

21
Q

cartilage has what type of collagen?

A

type II

22
Q

enthesis organ

A
  • reduces tensile load of insertion
  • confers a mechanical advantage on muscle-tendon unit
  • different tissues with different young’s moduli gliding along each other cause inappropriate cell stimulation
23
Q

creep is a phenomenon of:

A

viscoelasticity

24
Q

first class lever:

A

External force
Axis
Internal force
ex: neck extensors

25
Q

second class lever system:

A 
Axis
External force
Internal force
ex: gastrocnemius
-less muscle force required, less motion of the bone, less speed
26
Q

third class lever system:

A 
Axis
Internal force
External force
ex: biceps brachii
-greater muscle force required
-more motion at distal of bone
-higher speed
27
Q

mechanical advantage of 3rd class lever systems:

A

less than 1

28
Q

mechanical advantage of 2nd class lever systems

A

greater than 1

29
Q

where does shearing happen?

A

at the deep zone against the bone

30
Q

how would you exercise someone with cartilage/ligament/tendon problems early on in treatment?

A
  • non irritating
  • light resistance
  • high repetition
31
Q

phase 1 of loading protects against:

A

compression by water leaving

32
Q

phase 2 of loading protects against:

A

tension by collagen

33
Q

optimal stimulus for cartilage:

A

cell: chondrocyte
stimlulus: load/unload with gliding
- bike for patellofemoral irritation

34
Q

optimal stimulus for tendon/ligament:

A
  • cell: fibroblast
  • stimulus: tension along lines of stress
  • ex: extension of knee for MCL
35
Q

optimal stimulus for muscle:

A

cell: myocyte
stimulus: tension to cause disruption of myofibrils
Ex: take to point of microtearing

36
Q

optimal stimulus for bone:

A

cell: osteocyte
stimulus: compression or tension
ex: with rod through bone for fracture walk on it to stimulate new bone matrix

37
Q

types of cartilage:

A
  1. hyaline cartilage (articular) (articular surface connected with synovium and other areas)
  2. fibrocartilage (vertebrae disks, pubic symphisis)
  3. elastic cartilage (external ear and epiglottis)
38
Q

stimulus effect of tendon deep and superficial fibers:

A

glide against each other with compression and can cause cartilage formation

39
Q

with motion mainly occurs at the transverse tarsal joint?

A

combination of inversion/eversion and dorsi/plantar flexion

PT 711-Kinesiology (4 decks)

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