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Bryant Biology 1 > Final exam > Flashcards

Final exam Flashcards

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1
Q

____________is organisms changing over time.

A

Evolution

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2
Q

___________ suggest an explanation that might be true

A

Hypothesis

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3
Q

____________ is a careful value of research by other individuals to make sure everything is right.

A

Peer review

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4
Q

A __________ has to be inside a living cell to be a virus

A

Virus

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5
Q

_____________is an atom with specific number of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

A

Element

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6
Q

___________ is composed of elements

A

Matter

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7
Q

___________ is a positive charge and its located in the nucleus of atoms.

A

Protons

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8
Q

____________ is a neutral charge in the nucleus

A

Neutron

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9
Q

_____________ is a negative charge located in orbitals surrounding atoms.

A

Electrons

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10
Q

____________ is the number of protons in an atom.

A

Atomic number

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11
Q

___________ is the gain or loss in electrons

A

Redox reaction

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12
Q

An element gained or loss of electrons is called _________

A

Ions

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13
Q

Carbon 12, 13, 14 are _________ and as they break down they lose radiation.

A

Isotopes

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14
Q

___________ is a negative logarithm of hydrogen ion of concentration.

A

PH

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15
Q

_____________ regulates PH of blood.

A

Bicarbonate buffer system

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16
Q

_________ share electrons

A

Covalent bonds

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17
Q

___________ gain or lose electrons

A

Ionic bonds

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18
Q

_____________ hold water together.

A

Hydrogen bond

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19
Q

_____________ is the simplest carbohydrate and its necessary for all forms of life.

A

Glucose

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20
Q

_____________ are built out of subunits of monosaccharides.

A

Carbohydrates

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21
Q

____________ dont dissolve in water.

A

Lipids

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22
Q

______________ are common lipids used for energy storage.

A

Triglycerides

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23
Q

___________ catalyze chemical reactions.

A

Enzymes

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24
Q

___________ is when a substate and enzyme join together.

A

Induced fit

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25
Q

___________ are inorganic non protein substances that can be used in enzymatic reactions.

A

Cofactors

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26
Q

_____________ is found in cytoskeleton and shellfish and can also be used to store cellulose.

A

Chitin

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27
Q

__________ is made by amino acids.

A

Protein

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28
Q

______________ involves a specific amino acid and sequence.

A

Primary protein structure

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29
Q

___________ and ___________ contain nucleotides.

A

DNA RNA

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30
Q

What are the base pairs of DNA and RNA.

A

DNA- AT CG

RNA- AU CG

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31
Q

Who was the first person to see cells under a scope?

A

Robert Hooke

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32
Q

___________ is in charge of collecting and transporting materials in a cell.

A

Golgi Apparatus

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33
Q

_____________ has DNA in its nucleus, has organelles and can be single or multicellular.

A

Eukaryotes

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34
Q

______________ doesn’t have a nucleus, DNA is found in the nucleoids base and its always single celled organisms.

A

Prokaryotes

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35
Q

____________ is a macromolecule and is used to store hereditary information.

A

DNA

36
Q

Plants, Fungus, and bacteria all have __________

A

Cell walls

37
Q

___________ are composed of protein and is at the site of proteinsyntharsis.

A

Ribosomes

38
Q

________ and ___________ have 9+2 microtubule arrangement.

A

Cilia flagella

39
Q

Microtubules, intermediate filaments and microfilaments form the ___________.

A

Cytoskeleton

40
Q

_____________ is where chloroplast and mitochondria were once free living cells.

A

Endosibiosis

41
Q

_____________ is a movement from high to low concentration and does not require energy.

A

Diffusion

42
Q

______________ goes against the concentration gradient carrier portion and energy.

A

Active transport

43
Q

____________ is the movement of water through semi permeable membrane.

A

Osmosis

44
Q

_______________ is when 3 sodium leaves the cell and 2 potassium enter the cell.

A

Sodium Potassium pump

45
Q

________________ is made up of phospholipids and they contain a phosphate group of glycerol molecule and 2 fatty acid chains.

A

Biological membrane

46
Q

__________ proteins recognize cell vs non cell.

A

MHC

47
Q

__________ is cell eating

A

Phagocytosis

48
Q

__________ cell drinking

A

Pinocytosis

49
Q

___________ is a primary electron carrier through metabolism.

A

NAD

50
Q

_____________ is capacity to do work.

A

Energy

51
Q

__________ is movement.

A

Potential energy

52
Q

___________ is energy in movement.

A

Kinetic energy

53
Q

A __________ is a unit of heat.

A

Calorie

54
Q

____________ require stored energy in chemical bonds.

A

Heterotrophs

55
Q

________ make their own energy

A

Autotrophs

56
Q

____________ is all chemical reactions that take place while breaking material down.

A

Metabolism

57
Q

___________ enzymes are called ribozymes

A

RNA

58
Q

A ___________ is when an enzyme is catalyzed.

A

Substrate

59
Q

_____________ is in all living organisms.

A

Glycolosis

60
Q

_____________ requires a membrane and requires a proton motive force.

A

Electron transport chain

61
Q

The __________ is the ultimate energy source of light.

A

Sun

62
Q

The visible light spectrum is ___________ to __________ nanometers.

A

400-740

63
Q

____________ occurs in chloroplast.

A

Photosynthesis

64
Q

____________ contains groups of chlorophyll molecule and accessory pigments.

A

Photosystem

65
Q

____________ are responsible for the cell cycle.

A

Cyclins

66
Q

Each species has a specific number of ____________.

A

Chromosomes

67
Q

What are the stages of the cell cycle in order?

A

G1, S, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

68
Q

_____________ is the visible separation of chromatids

A

Anaphase

69
Q

Animal cells achieve cytokinesis by forming a ___________.

A

Cleavage furrow

70
Q

____________ cell contain 1 set of chromosomes ( usually sex cells)

A

Haploid

71
Q

________________ increases genetic diversity

A

Sexual reproduction

72
Q

____________ is where egg and sperm unite.

A

Zygote

73
Q

_____________ occurs in Prophase 1

A

Crossing over

74
Q

___________ was a austrian monk and studied hereditary factors like genes.

A

Mendel

75
Q

What model did Mendel study?

A

Pea plant

76
Q

_________ are the physical characteristics of an organism.

A

Phenotype

77
Q

____________ is the allelic make up of organisms.

A

Genotype

78
Q

____________ is individuals that have 2 identical alleles on their chromosome.

A

Homozygous

79
Q

____________ alleles are always expressed.

A

Dominant

80
Q

___________ alleys require both alleys to be expressed .

A

Recessive

81
Q

An __________ is considered to be an alternate form of a gene.

A

Allele

82
Q

A___________ is used to determine an if individual is homo or heterozygous.

A

Test cross

83
Q

___________ is universal donor.

A

0 negative

84
Q

Human height is considered a ___________ trait.

A

Polygenic

85
Q

____________ alleys are singe gene with 3 or more alternate forms.

A

Multiple

Bryant Biology 1 (6 decks)

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