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Bryant Biology 1 > Bio ch 8, 10, 11 test > Flashcards

Bio ch 8, 10, 11 test Flashcards

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1
Q

What do organisms depend on?

A

light and photosynthesis

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2
Q

___________ is considered energy units of light.

A

Photon

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3
Q

Visible light spectrum is between __________ and __________ nanometers.

A

400-700

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4
Q

____________ is the main by product for photosynthesis we need for light.

A

Oxygen

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5
Q

______________ is a primary pigment for photosynthesis.

A

Chlorophyll A

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6
Q

_____________ and ______________ are considered accessory pigments.

A

Chlorophyll B and Carotenoids

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7
Q

A ____________ is a molecule that absorbs light.

A

Pigment

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8
Q

_______________ are flat sacs within internal membrane of chloroplast and is associated with photosynthesis.

A

Thylakoids

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9
Q

_____________ is an organelle where photosynthesis occurs.

A

Chloroplast

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10
Q

Photosystems are clusters of _____________ and accessory pigments.

A

Chlorophyl

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11
Q

Mitosis involves replication of ___________ to make an identical daughter cell.

A

DNA

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12
Q

_________ protein is responsible for making septum that helps separate bacterial cells.

A

FTZ

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13
Q

Bacteria reproduce through asexual process called ___________.

A

Binary fission

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14
Q

What are the functions of Mitosis?

A

Cell replacement, Growth, damage cell, reproduction

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15
Q

What are the stages of Mitosis?

A

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis

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16
Q

What are the 2 stages Eukaryotic cells spend its life in?

A

Interphase, Mitosis

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17
Q

_______________ has different check points to make sure everything is doing ok.

A

Cell cycle

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18
Q

____________ holds all instructions for your cells including protein synthesis and needs to be faithfully replicated.

A

DNA

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19
Q

Before cells divide it needs to replicate ___________.

A

DNA

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20
Q

____________ is a component of cytoskeleton that attaches to chromosome to separate DNA.

A

Spindle

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21
Q

What stage does cells spend most of its life?

A

Interphase

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22
Q

______________ is when DNA is divided between cells

A

Mitosis

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23
Q

_____________ is the physical separation of daughter cells.

A

Cytokinesis

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24
Q

What phase is the primary growth of cells?

A

G1

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25
Q

What phase is when DNA is replicated?

A

S

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26
Q

What phase is when tubilen is produced for microtubules?

A

G2

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27
Q

____________ is when nuclear envelopes dissolves and chromatin becomes visible.

A

Prophase

28
Q

____________ is when chromosomes line up on the equator.

A

Metaphase

29
Q

____________ is when chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles of the cell.

A

Anaphase

30
Q

____________ is when Nuclear envelope reforms and gene expression is turned back on.

A

Telophase

31
Q

___________ checkpoint is most veritable to stimuli.

A

G1S

32
Q

___________ checkpoint has enzymes proofread DNA.

A

G2M

33
Q

____________ checkpoint is the last one before anaphase.

A

Late spindle

34
Q

Animal cells achieve cytokinesis by forming a ___________.

A

Cleavage furrow

35
Q

Plant cells use ____________ for cytokinesis.

A

Cell plate

36
Q

____________ is caused by lost of cell cycle regulation and it contains uncontrolled cell growth and division.

A

Cancer

37
Q

Surgery, chemo, hair loss, nausea, and vomiting are the side effects of ___________.

A

Cancer

38
Q

___________ caused in early stages, usually can be removed.

A

Cancer

39
Q

The ___________ is localized to one area.

A

Glocalidous

40
Q

The __________ spreads through out the body,

A

Mastodic

41
Q

A _________ is an abnormal mass of growing cancerous cells.

A

Tumor

42
Q

___________ enzymes are primarily mechanisms to control the cell cycle.

A

CDK

43
Q

P53 gene acts as an ____________.

A

Accessive trait

44
Q

__________ genes when mutating signal for growth factors.

A

Proto onco

45
Q

_________ is program cell death.

A

Apoptosis

46
Q

__________ is the reduction division and also produces gametes.

A

Meiosis

47
Q

_____________ is crossing over, random orientation on spindles, independent assortment, and random fertilization.

A

Meiosis genetic diversity

48
Q

_____________ produces and provides different individuals.

A

Sexual reproduction

49
Q

____________ is formed when egg and sperm fuse together.

A

Zygote

50
Q

____________ is the murder of gametes of male and female.

A

Fertilization

51
Q

__________ cells are in the testes an ovaries

A

Sex

52
Q

________________ chromosomes are chromosomes that look alive an carry the same genetic sequences.

A

Homologous

53
Q

Humans have ________ pairs of chromosomes.

A

23

54
Q

We are diploid= ___________.

A

2N

55
Q

_______________ cells undergo meiosis and produce 4 gametes.

A

Diploid

56
Q

_______________ is when a human zygote has 45 or 47 total chromosomes.

A

Non disjunction

57
Q

__________ is where crossing over occurs.

A

Prophase 1

58
Q

__________ is where spindles have homologous chromosomes line up on equator of the cell.

A

Metaphase 1

59
Q

___________ is where independent assortment occurs.

A

Anaphase 1

60
Q

__________ is where cytokinesis occurs.

A

Telophase 1

61
Q

___________ is where spindle forms after meiosis 1.

A

Prophase 2

62
Q

___________ is when non identical sister chromatids line up on the equator.

A

Metaphase 2

63
Q

___________ is the last physical separation of material.

A

Anaphase 2

64
Q

___________ is when 4 haploid gametes form.

A

Telophase 2

65
Q

What is the photosynthesis reaction formula?

A

6CO2 + 12H20—> C6 H12 O6 + 6H20 + 602

Bryant Biology 1 (6 decks)

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