Final exam Flashcards by Cole Ryan

Q

Self determination increases with increased ____ motivation opposed to _____ motivations

A

intrinsic

extrinsic

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Q

Social Ecological Model: Level reorder:

Policy level
Social Level
Physical Level
Individual level

A

Individual->Social->Physical->Policy

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Q

Social Ecological Model:

For an intervention to be effective, it must be ____, _____, and _____

A

Safe
Attractive
Convenient

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Q

Social Ecological Model:

Interventions should ideally provide structure and support from _______ and _______ programs encouraging _

A

motivational
educational
PA

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Q

Social Ecological Model:

Four Active living domains of PA:

A

Transportation: car, bike, bus, walk
Occupational;sedentary, postman, construction
Household: vacuum

Recreation: individual chooses for enjoyment

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Q

Social support, Peer influence, Model behaviors, Group and community norms (expected behavior), and Cultural background—acceptable behaviors- all have ________ relation to increased PA and participation in exercise.

a. Positive
b. negative
c. little

A

a. Positive

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Q

________ are variables associated with PA (positive or negative) but do not reliable change PA when altered.

A

correlates

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Q

______ are strongly associated with PA and have a causal relationship with PA, such as:
o Exposure to variable precedes change
o Dose-response
o Plausible

A

Mediators

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Q

(Positive or negative correlates to PA?): Demographics: education, income, male

A

positive

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Q

(Positive or negative correlates to PA?): Psychographic: enjoyment, expected benefit, intention, self efficiency, self motivation

A

positive

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Q

(Positive or negative correlates to PA?):

Behavioral: adulthood activiy, healthy diet, past exercise programs

A

positive

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Q

(Positive or negative correlates to PA?):

Behavioral: adulthood activiy, healthy diet, past exercise programs

A

positive

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Q

(Positive or negative correlates to PA?):

Social: physician, social support from peers, friends, family

A

positive

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Q

(Positive or negative correlates to PA?):

Environment: actual and perceived access, scenery, observe others, home equipment

A

positive

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Q

(Positive or negative correlates to PA?):

Demographic: weight concerns (focusing on weight maintenance or overweight), non-Caucasian

A

negative

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Q

(Positive or negative correlates to PA?):

Psychographic: barriers, lack of time, mood, poor body image

A

negative

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Q

(Positive or negative correlates to PA?):

Behavioral: smoking

A

negative

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Q

(Positive or negative correlates to PA?):

Social: isolation, high perceived effort

A

negative

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Q

In order to change PA in a population, you must identify _______ to target with various interventions

A

mediators

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Q

Trans-theoretical Model focuses on:
•	Stages of \_\_\_\_\_
•	Process of \_\_\_\_\_
•	\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ balance
•	self \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

A

change
change
Decisional
Efficacy

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Q

Stages of change definitions and requirements:

Pre-contemplation

A

Not ready to change
Defensive behavior
determine if: inactive and has no plans to change within 6 months (which excludes preparation/contemplation)

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Q

Stages of change definitions and requirements:

Contemplation:

A

o Considering changing
o Make changes in future
determine: inactive and wants change within 6 months

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Q

Stages of change definitions and requirements:

Preparation:

A

o Ready to change
o Doing something about it (looking into programs)
determine:active and NOT meeting guidelines

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Q

Stages of change definitions and requirements:

Action

A

oMaking changes: doing PA
o 6 months
determine: active and meeting guidelines for < 6 months

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Stages of change definitions and requirements: | Maintenance

oSustaining change | o 6 months determine: active and meeting guidelines for > 6 months

``` (ABSORB card, low test importance on precise details, just know general concepts) Transtheoretical Processes of Change: Cognitive: Behavioral: Self-efficacy: ```

cognitive= thinking about it (increase knowledge/beware of the risks of inactivity/comprehend benefits) Behavioral= doing something (enable social support/reward self/remind self) Self-efficacy= most consistent variable and is the confidence in ability to perform specific behaviors

Self efficacy is influenced by past/present performance, as well as ___________ queues like anxiety and stress

past | physiological

In order to increase self efficacy, set small/large goals, use self monitoring, practice problem solving.

small (or attainable)

Decisional balance (in the trans-theoretical model) refers to the ratio of _______ and _______ and considering benefits to overcome barriers

benefits | barriers

PA outcomes: What to expect immediately

energize | satisfaction

PA outcomes: What to expect long-term

Weight loss | Enhance fitness and health

Outcomes to be sustained-set goals Goals should be: They should focus on ______ benefits

attainable/realistic | health

Social support is/is not under individual control and is/is not necessary for change

is not | is

ABSORB Mediators: Predisposing (before doing anything)

o Provide rationale or motivation for behavior o Reason why we do what we do o cognitive/beliefs

ABSORB Mediators: Enabling (allows action)

``` o Environment and access o Rules/laws o Resources o Skill development  Goal setting  Self-assesment  Self-monitoring  Self-planning  Performance  Coping with challenges ```

ABSORB | Reinforcing (support)

o From: family, peers, professionals, friends o Other people or things that provide rewards or incentive for behavior o Social, physical benefits o Tangible or vicarious rewards

Social Integration Theory | Social Integration:

(degree to which person is involve in family, social, community)

Social Integration Theory | Support Network

(pool of resources, groups belonged to)

Social Integration Theory | Supportive Climate and Environment

(Quality of relationships)

Social Integration Theory | Enacted (given) and Received support (perceived support)

ABSORB

Social Integration theory interventions Create supportive social networks (group PA classes) Enhance existing social networks to be supportive (teach sorority PA) Individual: must identify positive, supportive networks

Absorb

A built environment is a

man-made place

Public health goal towards PA

promoting regular PA as a part of life

Give common examples | PA in transportation

School, work, errands

Give common examples | Work

take active breaks

Give common examples | Leisure time

recreation, exercise, sports

``` Construction PA Resources (5 A's) Available: must ______ Accessible: easy to get to, ___________ Affordable: not ________ Acceptable: comfortable, ____, welcoming Appropriate:_______ ___ ______ ```

``` must exist easy to get to, convienent not expensive comfortable, safe, welcoming suitable for purpose ```

``` Construction PA Resources (5 A's) _______: must exist _______: easy to get to, convienent _______: not expensive _______: comfortable, safe, welcoming _______: suitable for purpose ```

``` Available Accessible Affordable Acceptable Appropriate ```

Ideal PA: Recreation resources include

park, trails, open spaces

Ideal PA: Land use

Density of residents and employment Mixed land use most beneficial Proximity of residential to stores, school

Ideal PA: Street Connectivity

``` o Frequent intersections o Cross walks o Direct routes o Short blocks o Traditional styled neighborhood ```

Ideal PA: Neighborhood form

o Sidewalks: maintained, continuous, wide | o Street buffers, street lights

Ideal PA: Community

o Aesthetics: clean, maintained, shade o Social community  People run throughout the community  Perceived social support

Increased Walk ability is associated with:

* High population density * Grid pattern layout * # of sidewalks * employment density * accessibility

All of the following increase _______ *High population density * Grid pattern layout * # of sidewalks * employment density * accessibility

walkability

Policy _______ how we live, can make PA ______ and easier.

governs | safer

Ecological levels of policy: | Organization:

flexible time for work spend $$$ on PA programs Sidewalks and spaces required for PA

Ecological levels of policy: | Community

Zoning ordinance

Ecological levels of policy: | Public

Local, state, federal laws Requires $ to spend on park/rec Recess during school

Ecological levels of policy: Local, state, federal laws Requires $ to spend on park/rec Recess during school

Public

``` Promising policies currently enacted: Quality PE in schools Complete Streets Policy-proper use of streets Joint Use Policy-shared use of spaces Community Trail Policy Walking School Bus ```

ABSORB

Special populations include those with ______ issues, and ____served segments of the population

health | underserved

PE in children trend: | PE in children _________ healthy development, ______ self esteem, and _______ anxiety/stress

promotes increases decreases

Older adults attitudes towards PA include old=___ it may be too ____ to start ___ doesnt matter anymore These are all damaging in that they are both false and excuses to avoid PA, they are a result of ageism

sick late PA

Ageism reduces elders ____ image, confidence.

self

Ageism reduces elders ____ image, confidence.

self

``` o Perception of safety o Percieved poor health/disability o Lack of skill o Transportation o Attitudes about activity ``` Are all ________ specific to elders

barriers

Conclusions: PA benefits can be seen across your whole life There is a need for unique programs promoting PA ``` Key aspects across all o Self-efficacy o Social support o Access o Enjoyment ```

ye