Final exam Flashcards by Cole Ryan | Brainscape

Q

Self determination increases with increased ____ motivation opposed to _____ motivations

A

intrinsic

extrinsic

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Q

Social Ecological Model: Level reorder:

Policy level
Social Level
Physical Level
Individual level

A

Individual->Social->Physical->Policy

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Q

Social Ecological Model:

For an intervention to be effective, it must be ____, _____, and _____

A

Safe
Attractive
Convenient

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Q

Social Ecological Model:

Interventions should ideally provide structure and support from _______ and _______ programs encouraging _

A

motivational
educational
PA

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Q

Social Ecological Model:

Four Active living domains of PA:

A

Transportation: car, bike, bus, walk
Occupational;sedentary, postman, construction
Household: vacuum

Recreation: individual chooses for enjoyment

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Q

Social support, Peer influence, Model behaviors, Group and community norms (expected behavior), and Cultural background—acceptable behaviors- all have ________ relation to increased PA and participation in exercise.

a. Positive
b. negative
c. little

A

a. Positive

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Q

________ are variables associated with PA (positive or negative) but do not reliable change PA when altered.

A

correlates

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Q

______ are strongly associated with PA and have a causal relationship with PA, such as:
o Exposure to variable precedes change
o Dose-response
o Plausible

A

Mediators

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Q

(Positive or negative correlates to PA?): Demographics: education, income, male

A

positive

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Q

(Positive or negative correlates to PA?): Psychographic: enjoyment, expected benefit, intention, self efficiency, self motivation

A

positive

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Q

(Positive or negative correlates to PA?):

Behavioral: adulthood activiy, healthy diet, past exercise programs

A

positive

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Q

(Positive or negative correlates to PA?):

Behavioral: adulthood activiy, healthy diet, past exercise programs

A

positive

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Q

(Positive or negative correlates to PA?):

Social: physician, social support from peers, friends, family

A

positive

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Q

(Positive or negative correlates to PA?):

Environment: actual and perceived access, scenery, observe others, home equipment

A

positive

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Q

(Positive or negative correlates to PA?):

Demographic: weight concerns (focusing on weight maintenance or overweight), non-Caucasian

A

negative

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Q

(Positive or negative correlates to PA?):

Psychographic: barriers, lack of time, mood, poor body image

A

negative

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Q

(Positive or negative correlates to PA?):

Behavioral: smoking

A

negative

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Q

(Positive or negative correlates to PA?):

Social: isolation, high perceived effort

A

negative

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Q

In order to change PA in a population, you must identify _______ to target with various interventions

A

mediators

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Q

Trans-theoretical Model focuses on:
•	Stages of \_\_\_\_\_
•	Process of \_\_\_\_\_
•	\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ balance
•	self \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

A

change
change
Decisional
Efficacy

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Q

Stages of change definitions and requirements:

Pre-contemplation

A

Not ready to change
Defensive behavior
determine if: inactive and has no plans to change within 6 months (which excludes preparation/contemplation)

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Q

Stages of change definitions and requirements:

Contemplation:

A

o Considering changing
o Make changes in future
determine: inactive and wants change within 6 months

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Q

Stages of change definitions and requirements:

Preparation:

A

o Ready to change
o Doing something about it (looking into programs)
determine:active and NOT meeting guidelines

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Q

Stages of change definitions and requirements:

Action

A

oMaking changes: doing PA
o 6 months
determine: active and meeting guidelines for < 6 months

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Q

Stages of change definitions and requirements:

Maintenance

A

oSustaining change

o 6 months determine: active and meeting guidelines for > 6 months

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Q

(ABSORB card, low test importance on precise details, just know general concepts)
Transtheoretical
Processes of Change:
Cognitive:
Behavioral:
Self-efficacy:

A

cognitive= thinking about it (increase knowledge/beware of the risks of inactivity/comprehend benefits)

Behavioral= doing something (enable social support/reward self/remind self)

Self-efficacy= most consistent variable and is the confidence in ability to perform specific behaviors

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Q

Self efficacy is influenced by past/present performance, as well as ___________ queues like anxiety and stress

A

past

physiological

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Q

In order to increase self efficacy, set small/large goals, use self monitoring, practice problem solving.

A

small (or attainable)

Q

Decisional balance (in the trans-theoretical model) refers to the ratio of _______ and _______ and considering benefits to overcome barriers

A

benefits

barriers

Q

PA outcomes: What to expect immediately

A

energize

satisfaction

Q

PA outcomes: What to expect long-term

A

Weight loss

Enhance fitness and health

Q

Outcomes to be sustained-set goals
Goals should be:
They should focus on ______ benefits

A

attainable/realistic

health

Q

Social support is/is not under individual control and is/is not necessary for change

A

is not

is

Q

ABSORB
Mediators:
Predisposing (before doing anything)

A

o Provide rationale or motivation for behavior
o Reason why we do what we do
o cognitive/beliefs

Q

ABSORB
Mediators:
Enabling (allows action)

A

o	Environment and access
o	Rules/laws
o	Resources
o	Skill development 
	Goal setting
	Self-assesment
	Self-monitoring
	Self-planning
	Performance
	Coping with challenges

Q

ABSORB

Reinforcing (support)

A

o From: family, peers, professionals, friends
o Other people or things that provide rewards or incentive for behavior
o Social, physical benefits
o Tangible or vicarious rewards

Q

Social Integration Theory

Social Integration:

A

(degree to which person is involve in family, social, community)

Q

Social Integration Theory

Support Network

A

(pool of resources, groups belonged to)

Q

Social Integration Theory

Supportive Climate and Environment

A

(Quality of relationships)

Q

Social Integration Theory

Enacted (given) and Received support (perceived support)

A

ABSORB

Q

Social Integration theory interventions
Create supportive social networks (group PA classes)

Enhance existing social networks to be supportive (teach sorority PA)

Individual: must identify positive, supportive networks

A

Absorb

Q

A built environment is a

A

man-made place

Q

Public health goal towards PA

A

promoting regular PA as a part of life

Q

Give common examples

PA in transportation

A

School, work, errands

Q

Give common examples

Work

A

take active breaks

Q

Give common examples

Leisure time

A

recreation, exercise, sports

Q

Construction PA Resources (5 A's)
Available: must \_\_\_\_\_\_
Accessible: easy to get to, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Affordable: not \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Acceptable: comfortable, \_\_\_\_, welcoming
Appropriate:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_

A

must exist
easy to get to, convienent
not expensive
comfortable, safe, welcoming
suitable for purpose

Q

Construction PA Resources (5 A's)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: must exist
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: easy to get to, convienent
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: not expensive
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: comfortable, safe, welcoming
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: suitable for purpose

A

Available
Accessible
Affordable
Acceptable
Appropriate

Q

Ideal PA: Recreation resources include

A

park, trails, open spaces

Q

Ideal PA: Land use

A

Density of residents and employment
Mixed land use most beneficial
Proximity of residential to stores, school

Q

Ideal PA: Street Connectivity

A

o	Frequent intersections
o	Cross walks
o	Direct routes
o	Short blocks
o	Traditional styled neighborhood

Q

Ideal PA: Neighborhood form

A

o Sidewalks: maintained, continuous, wide

o Street buffers, street lights

Q

Ideal PA: Community

A

o Aesthetics: clean, maintained, shade
o Social community
 People run throughout the community
 Perceived social support

Q

Increased Walk ability is associated with:

A

High population density
Grid pattern layout
# of sidewalks
employment density
accessibility

Q

All of the following increase _______
*High population density

Grid pattern layout
# of sidewalks
employment density
accessibility

A

walkability

Q

Policy _______ how we live, can make PA ______ and easier.

A

governs

safer

Q

Ecological levels of policy:

Organization:

A

flexible time for work
spend $$$ on PA programs
Sidewalks and spaces required for PA

Q

Ecological levels of policy:

Community

A

Zoning ordinance

Q

Ecological levels of policy:

Public

A

Local, state, federal laws
Requires $ to spend on park/rec
Recess during school

Q

Ecological levels of policy:
Local, state, federal laws
Requires $ to spend on park/rec
Recess during school

A

Public

Q

Promising policies currently enacted: 
Quality PE in schools
Complete Streets Policy-proper use of streets
Joint Use Policy-shared use of spaces
Community Trail Policy
Walking School Bus

A

ABSORB

Q

Special populations include those with ______ issues, and ____served segments of the population

A

health

underserved

Q

PE in children trend:

PE in children _________ healthy development, ______ self esteem, and _______ anxiety/stress

A

promotes
increases
decreases

Q

Older adults attitudes towards PA include
old=___
it may be too ____ to start
___ doesnt matter anymore

These are all damaging in that they are both false and excuses to avoid PA, they are a result of ageism

A

sick
late
PA

Q

Ageism reduces elders ____ image, confidence.

A

self

Q

Ageism reduces elders ____ image, confidence.

A

self

Q

o	Perception of safety
o	Percieved poor health/disability
o	Lack of skill
o	Transportation
o	Attitudes about activity

Are all ________ specific to elders

A

barriers

Q

Conclusions:
PA benefits can be seen across your whole life

There is a need for unique programs promoting PA

Key aspects across all
o	Self-efficacy 
o	Social support
o	Access
o	Enjoyment

A

ye