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smt 310 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

AC can be converted into DC by passing the AC through a ______.

A

Rectifier (diode)

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2
Q

AC electricity was chosen as the preferred form of electrical power from the power plant because its ______ can easily and efficiently be changed using a ______

A

Voltage (and current),
Transformer

*Easy to change AC to DC (but difficult & costly to change DC to AC)

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3
Q

AC power of 100 volts and 1 ampere enters a transformer with 5 coils and exits the transformer with 25 coils. What is the exiting voltage and current?

A

V in x N out / N in = V out
100 x 25 / 5 = 500 volts

Amps in x N in / N out = current
1 x 5/25 = 0.2 amps

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4
Q

Albert Einstein won a Nobel Prize in 1922 for telling us about the photoelectric effect. Which
one of Burkes major technologies owes its origin to the photoelectric effect?

A

Television

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5
Q

Antimatter was first observed in 1955. Since then extremely small amounts have been made. When antimatter contacts matter the matter changes into ______.

A

Energy

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6
Q

Burke believes that ordinary people are often prevented from sharing in scientific and technological discussions because they:

A

lack jargon (specialized words)

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7
Q

Daniel Bernoulli told us about the physics of fluids and described it mathematically telling us that [density x velocity2/2) + pressure = constant] which means fluid velocity is inversely related to its pressure. A flying Frisbee floats partly because the velocity of air passing over the frisbee’s _____ is _____ than the air velocity passing the bottom therefore creating higher pressure on the frisbee’s bottom creating lift

A

Top,

Higher

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8
Q

Early 20th century, American scientist, inventor and educator responsible for increasing the farmers’ productivity and wealth.

A

George Washington Carver

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9
Q

Eight great technologies according to Burke:

A

1) Nuclear Power
2) Telecommunications
3) Computer
4) Assembly line
5) Jet engine/Air Transport
6) Plastics/Synthetic Polymers
7) Liquid fuel rockets
8) Television

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10
Q

Einstein also told us E=mc2which tells us that the_____ and ______ of an object is directly proportional and interchangeable.

A

Mass; Energy

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11
Q

Electrical power loss in the transmission cable is equal to resistance x current2. This electrical power is sent at very high voltage to _____. (Hint: remember power = current x volts)

A

Reduce Current

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12
Q

Give a unit of electrical power equivalent to J/s.

A

Watts (W)

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13
Q

Give examples of genetically modified items you may have used recently.

A

Tomotoes

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14
Q

Graphite, diamonds, and buckminsterfullerene are all allotropes of ____

A

Carbon

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15
Q

How are communications and technological development related?

A

Rate of technology change is proportional to rate of information exchange (communication)

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16
Q

How does a light emitting diode, LED, works?

A

Electrons from the higher energy N side drop at the junction to lower energy p side. Giving off the energy as light particles (photons).

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17
Q

Identify at least 3 modern technologies dependant on glass

A
  1. tv
  2. electronics,
  3. insulation
  4. reinforcement
  5. adiabatic containers
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18
Q

If the power running through a power line is 20,000 watts and the voltage is 1000 volts then
what is the current in the line?

A

Current = power / voltage

Current = 20,000 / 1000 = 20 amps

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19
Q

If we could convert 2 grams of matter into energy it would be equivalent to about ___ Hiroshima size atomic bombs.

A

3

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20
Q

In a diode electrons flow in one direction, from the _____ to the ________.

A

Cathode; Anode

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21
Q

In a special type of solid-state diode the N side is higher energy than the P side and under forward bias current flow electrons combine with holes at the junction interface to produce ____.

A

light particles (photons)

22
Q

In electromagnetic induction a spinning magnet (fluctuating magnetic field) induces _______ into conductive coils, which surround the magnet.

A

Electricity

23
Q

In fluid flow, how are pressure and velocity related?

A

inversely proportional

24
Q

In the garden hose analogy to electricity the _____ is analogous to resistance (ohms) and the ______ is analogous to volts.

A

hose;

water pressure

25
Q

In the simplest terms what were the motivations of A. Einstein, I. Newton, D. Bernoulli and R. Clausius which led to their discoveries?

A

To explain the world around us

26
Q

Intel co-founder, Gordon Moore claimed that the number of ______ on a chip could _____ every 24 months. This has since become know as Moore’s Law. Is there a limit to Moore’s law?

A

Transistors, Double

27
Q

Inventors are generally:

A

driven; perseverance; purpose; passion

28
Q

James Clerk Maxwell explained Clausius’ entropy as _______.

A

Disorder (Randomness)

29
Q

Light amplification by stimulated emission radiation results in _______.

A

Lasers

30
Q

Nuclear fission is the ______ of an element while nuclear fusion is the ______ of small elements to make a large element.

A

splitting; combination (fusion)

31
Q

Power = volts x _______

A

Current

32
Q

Sir Isaac Newton told us about gravity and gave us a simple elegant equation to calculate it. The force of gravity is proportional to _____ of two objects and inversely proportion to their _______.

A

Mass; Distance^2

33
Q

Sulfur and Nitrogen oxides from coal burning combine with water in the atmosphere to form___.

A

Acid Rain

34
Q

The branch of technology, which deals with dimensions and tolerances of 10-9 meters, especially the manipulation of individual atoms or molecules is called ______.

A

Nanotechnology

35
Q

The development of a near perfect vacuum allowed the development of:

A
  1. Thermionic Valves
  2. Vacuum tube
  3. Electric light bulb
  4. Semiconductors
36
Q

The electromagnetic induction principle developed by Michael Faraday in 1831 is important to us because it helped trigger the _________ industry.

A

Electric Motor & Generator

37
Q

The N side or cathode of a solid state Si (group 4) diode could be doped with a group _____ element.

A

5 (Arsenic, Phosphorus)

38
Q

The simple act of observing or measuring a quantum particle like an atom destroys its _____? This is the basis of emerging quantum cryptography technology.

A

Wave Function

39
Q

The transistor is a solid state electronic _______ with _____ moving parts.

A

Switch; No

40
Q

The uncertainty principle and entanglement theory are topics in __________.

A
  1. Quantum Mechanics
  2. Physics
  3. Quantum Theory/Mechanics
41
Q

The ________ is a solid-state replacement for a vacuum tube:

A

Transistor

42
Q

Throughout history we have witnessed periods of lasting increases in the rate technological development. All these periodic increases are due to improved _______.

A
  1. Communication

2. Printing Press

43
Q 
Was there inventors or scientists discussed in class which worked alone without any outside
influences?
A

No inventor works alone

44
Q

What are Luddites?

A

People who are threatened by technology

45
Q

What are the triggers for technological change according to Burke:

A
  1. Deliberate attempts
  2. Unexpected discovery
  3. Unrelated developments
  4. War and Religion
  5. Accidents & Unforeseen circumstances
  6. Weather
46
Q

What do Stem Cells do?

A

Reproduce and differentiate into specialized cells such as blood muscle or neural cells.

47
Q

What is the difference between fusion and fission?

A

Fission : splitting an atom

Fusion : coming together of an atom

48
Q

Which of the following is not an option suggested by Burke to cope with the rapid technological changes we face?

A

These are suggested:

  • Scrap all technology and go rural
  • Selective research only
  • Stop R&D and share out existing technology
  • Keep going the way have
49
Q

Why is it difficult to predict future technological developments?

A

Hard to tell the future, nothing is certain

50
Q

Why is technology changing faster now than 200 years ago?

A

Faster information exchange

smt 310 (4 decks)

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