Final Exam Flashcards
AC can be converted into DC by passing the AC through a ______.
Rectifier (diode)
AC electricity was chosen as the preferred form of electrical power from the power plant because its ______ can easily and efficiently be changed using a ______
Voltage (and current),
Transformer
*Easy to change AC to DC (but difficult & costly to change DC to AC)
AC power of 100 volts and 1 ampere enters a transformer with 5 coils and exits the transformer with 25 coils. What is the exiting voltage and current?
V in x N out / N in = V out
100 x 25 / 5 = 500 volts
Amps in x N in / N out = current
1 x 5/25 = 0.2 amps
Albert Einstein won a Nobel Prize in 1922 for telling us about the photoelectric effect. Which
one of Burkes major technologies owes its origin to the photoelectric effect?
Television
Antimatter was first observed in 1955. Since then extremely small amounts have been made. When antimatter contacts matter the matter changes into ______.
Energy
Burke believes that ordinary people are often prevented from sharing in scientific and technological discussions because they:
lack jargon (specialized words)
Daniel Bernoulli told us about the physics of fluids and described it mathematically telling us that [density x velocity2/2) + pressure = constant] which means fluid velocity is inversely related to its pressure. A flying Frisbee floats partly because the velocity of air passing over the frisbee’s _____ is _____ than the air velocity passing the bottom therefore creating higher pressure on the frisbee’s bottom creating lift
Top,
Higher
Early 20th century, American scientist, inventor and educator responsible for increasing the farmers’ productivity and wealth.
George Washington Carver
Eight great technologies according to Burke:
1) Nuclear Power
2) Telecommunications
3) Computer
4) Assembly line
5) Jet engine/Air Transport
6) Plastics/Synthetic Polymers
7) Liquid fuel rockets
8) Television
Einstein also told us E=mc2which tells us that the_____ and ______ of an object is directly proportional and interchangeable.
Mass; Energy
Electrical power loss in the transmission cable is equal to resistance x current2. This electrical power is sent at very high voltage to _____. (Hint: remember power = current x volts)
Reduce Current
Give a unit of electrical power equivalent to J/s.
Watts (W)
Give examples of genetically modified items you may have used recently.
Tomotoes
Graphite, diamonds, and buckminsterfullerene are all allotropes of ____
Carbon
How are communications and technological development related?
Rate of technology change is proportional to rate of information exchange (communication)
How does a light emitting diode, LED, works?
Electrons from the higher energy N side drop at the junction to lower energy p side. Giving off the energy as light particles (photons).
Identify at least 3 modern technologies dependant on glass
- tv
- electronics,
- insulation
- reinforcement
- adiabatic containers
If the power running through a power line is 20,000 watts and the voltage is 1000 volts then
what is the current in the line?
Current = power / voltage
Current = 20,000 / 1000 = 20 amps
If we could convert 2 grams of matter into energy it would be equivalent to about ___ Hiroshima size atomic bombs.
3
In a diode electrons flow in one direction, from the _____ to the ________.
Cathode; Anode
In a special type of solid-state diode the N side is higher energy than the P side and under forward bias current flow electrons combine with holes at the junction interface to produce ____.
light particles (photons)
In electromagnetic induction a spinning magnet (fluctuating magnetic field) induces _______ into conductive coils, which surround the magnet.
Electricity
In fluid flow, how are pressure and velocity related?
inversely proportional
In the garden hose analogy to electricity the _____ is analogous to resistance (ohms) and the ______ is analogous to volts.
hose;
water pressure
In the simplest terms what were the motivations of A. Einstein, I. Newton, D. Bernoulli and R. Clausius which led to their discoveries?
To explain the world around us
Intel co-founder, Gordon Moore claimed that the number of ______ on a chip could _____ every 24 months. This has since become know as Moore’s Law. Is there a limit to Moore’s law?
Transistors, Double
Inventors are generally:
driven; perseverance; purpose; passion
James Clerk Maxwell explained Clausius’ entropy as _______.
Disorder (Randomness)
Light amplification by stimulated emission radiation results in _______.
Lasers
Nuclear fission is the ______ of an element while nuclear fusion is the ______ of small elements to make a large element.
splitting; combination (fusion)
Power = volts x _______
Current
Sir Isaac Newton told us about gravity and gave us a simple elegant equation to calculate it. The force of gravity is proportional to _____ of two objects and inversely proportion to their _______.
Mass; Distance^2
Sulfur and Nitrogen oxides from coal burning combine with water in the atmosphere to form___.
Acid Rain
The branch of technology, which deals with dimensions and tolerances of 10-9 meters, especially the manipulation of individual atoms or molecules is called ______.
Nanotechnology
The development of a near perfect vacuum allowed the development of:
- Thermionic Valves
- Vacuum tube
- Electric light bulb
- Semiconductors
The electromagnetic induction principle developed by Michael Faraday in 1831 is important to us because it helped trigger the _________ industry.
Electric Motor & Generator
The N side or cathode of a solid state Si (group 4) diode could be doped with a group _____ element.
5 (Arsenic, Phosphorus)
The simple act of observing or measuring a quantum particle like an atom destroys its _____? This is the basis of emerging quantum cryptography technology.
Wave Function
The transistor is a solid state electronic _______ with _____ moving parts.
Switch; No
The uncertainty principle and entanglement theory are topics in __________.
- Quantum Mechanics
- Physics
- Quantum Theory/Mechanics
The ________ is a solid-state replacement for a vacuum tube:
Transistor
Throughout history we have witnessed periods of lasting increases in the rate technological development. All these periodic increases are due to improved _______.
- Communication
2. Printing Press
Was there inventors or scientists discussed in class which worked alone without any outside influences?
No inventor works alone
What are Luddites?
People who are threatened by technology
What are the triggers for technological change according to Burke:
- Deliberate attempts
- Unexpected discovery
- Unrelated developments
- War and Religion
- Accidents & Unforeseen circumstances
- Weather
What do Stem Cells do?
Reproduce and differentiate into specialized cells such as blood muscle or neural cells.
What is the difference between fusion and fission?
Fission : splitting an atom
Fusion : coming together of an atom
Which of the following is not an option suggested by Burke to cope with the rapid technological changes we face?
These are suggested:
- Scrap all technology and go rural
- Selective research only
- Stop R&D and share out existing technology
- Keep going the way have
Why is it difficult to predict future technological developments?
Hard to tell the future, nothing is certain
Why is technology changing faster now than 200 years ago?
Faster information exchange
