Exam 3

Question 1

The 16th century Dutch merchant ships were called the ________.

Answer 1

Dutch Fluyt

Question 2

When wood pitch and tar became scarce the British navy turned to _________ for coating the ships bottoms.

Answer 2

Copper

Question 3

In the process of coke formation coal is heated anaerobically driving off which three things?

Answer 3

coal gas, coal tar, water

Question 4

The banks in England got their start as ________.

Answer 4

Bill of Credit

Question 5

The anaerobic decomposition of pinewood yields _____, ______, ______ and _____.

Answer 5

charcoal, tar/pitch, oils, and turpentine

Question 6

The coal gas from coking was first used for______.

Answer 6

Gas Lamps

Question 7

The first two chemicals extracted from coal tar were _____ and ______.

Answer 7

Ammonia, Naphtha

Question 8

Quinine, a remedy for malaria, was first isolated from the ______ plant.

Answer 8

Cinchona

Question 9

Synthetic dyes were accidentally discovered while trying to extract _____ from coal tar.

Answer 9

Quinine

Question 10

Color chemistry was developed in _____ but flourished in ______.

Answer 10

England, Germany

Question 11

Aristocrats in England were _____ to make a profit from their ______.

Answer 11

embarrassed, education

Question 12

The Haber/Bosch process was originally designed to make Sodium nitrate (NaNO3) used for the purpose of _______.

Answer 12

Fertilizer

Question 13

In a failed attempt to make synthetic diamonds Moissan made calcium carbide which when added to water gave off __________ gas.

Answer 13

acetylene

Question 14

In 1905 the market for acetylene lamps decreased significantly do to the gas mantle and cheap electricity. Subsequently, it was discovered that calcium carbide could “fix” nitrogen and be used as a _____.

Answer 14

Fertilizer

Question 15

Name three natural polymers

Answer 15

DNA, Protein (Leather), Cellulose (Wood)

Question 16

Name three synthetic polymers

Answer 16

Polyproplene, Polystyrene, Polyisoprene

Question 17

What is the source for nearly all the synthetic polymers?

Answer 17

Petroleum and Coal

Question 18

What were the three major technologies discussed in this portion of the course?

Answer 18

Plastic, Television, Liquid Fuel

Question 19

There has been solid fuel (gunpowder, etc.) rockets for hundreds of years. Why are liquid fuel rockets unique and so important?

Answer 19

It has the ability to control rockets such as accelerate and decelerate.

Question 20

What is the propellant in the XIPS rockets?

Answer 20

Xenon

Question 21

Explain the difference between thermoplastics and thermoset plastics.

Answer 21

Thermoplastics is changeable through heat. Thermoset cannot be changed.

Question 22

Explain the new warfare technologies discussed in this section of the course. How and why did they affect troop size?

Answer 22

Rifles, Pike Square, Arquebus, Flintlock Musket

All this new technology made it easier to train soldiers thus increasing front-line warfare personnel.

Question 23

After the battle of Marengo what two things did Napoleon employ to get France back in financial shape?

Answer 23

• Placed currency on gold standard
• Created the “Society for the Encouragement of Industry

Question 24

One of the awards from the Society for the Encouragement of Industry was for _____.

Answer 24

Food Preservation

Question 25

Preserved food first became available in England to the public in 1820. What container was used for this food?

Answer 25

Tin Can

Question 26

Clostridium Botulinum is a lethal bacterium, which under anaerobic conditions produces a deadly nerve toxin. What is the common medical name for this nerve toxin?

Answer 26

Botox

Question 27

What was the trigger for the first air-cooling system?

Answer 27

Malaria

Question 28

Explain how the air was cooled in J. Gorrie’s first air-cooling system.

Answer 28

1. compressed air in piston to give off heat
2. heat removed in water
3. allow air to re-expand to become cold which removed heat from brine

Question 29

Bucket 1 contains 1gallon water and bucket 2 contains 2gallons water both start at the same temperature. After adding an equal amount of heat to each bucket compare the final temperatures in the two buckets. Is one hotter than the other? If so, which one?

Answer 29

At same temperature, 2 gallon water will contain 2x more heat than 1 gallon water.

Heat = Temperature x quantity

Temperature = speed of molecules

Quantity = mass of molecules

Question 30

Write the equation for a liquid, its vapor and heat?

Answer 30

Liquid + Heat → Vapor

Question 31

Explain how the modern refrigerator works.

Answer 31

A heat pump pumps heat out of the fridge to decrease temperature

Question 32

What was the first refrigerant used in the first household refrigerator and explain how heat was used to start the refrigerator?

Answer 32

Ammonia. Kerosene Burner was used to heat the ammoina and water.

Question 33

Why is the adiabatic flask important to liquid fuel rockets?

Answer 33

Allowed for super cooled liquids.

Question 34

Which country was first to use liquid fuel rockets for military purposes?

Answer 34

Germany

Question 35

Explain the difference between heat and temperature.

Answer 35

Heat = Temperature x quantity

Temperature = speed of molecules

Question 36

In the following figure, side c is 321m. What is the approximate distance of side a if angles A and B are 45 and 65 respectively? (hint: sine 45° = 0.707 & sine 70° = 0.9397 and remember A+B+C=180°)

Answer 36

45° + 65° + C = 180°

C = 180° - 45° - 65° = 70°

Sin 70°/321m = Sin 45°/a

a = (321m x Sin 45°)/Sin 70° = 242m

Question 37

The first actual use of limelight was to solve a _________ problem.

Answer 37

Triangulation

Question 38

Placing electrode wires from a battery in water yields_____ and _____. This process is called ________.

Answer 38

Hydrogen and Oxyen, Electrolysis

Question 39

What is the difference, if any, between oxygen and air? Hint: what is the concentration of oxygen in air?

Answer 39

Concentration Levels

Question 40

Limelight requires fuel plus ______ to create the necessary heat to incandesce.

Answer 40

pure oxygen

Question 41

Limelight was planned for lighthouses but didn’t succeed. What lighting source was eventually used in lighthouses and how does it work?

Answer 41

Electricity for Carbon Arc Lamp produced by spinning magnet within arms of coiled wire

Question 42

Motion pictures in California got it start in San Francisco in 1872 to solve a bet using sequential photographic images of ______.

Answer 42

Horse

Question 43

What was the iconoscope?

Answer 43

An image is cast onto thousands of photoelectric cells

Question 44

What were the architectural changes caused by the cannon?

Answer 44

Defensive bastion and shorter slanted curtain walls

Question 45

Valence electrons falling to lower energy levels emit ______?

Answer 45

Light

Question 46

The conversion of light into electricity from a metal surface is called the __________ effect.

Answer 46

Photoelectric

Question 47

What are the brain tricks used in television to provide the illusion of picture and motion?_____.

Answer 47

• Sequential Pictures
• Pixilated Image

Question 48

What is the name of the process used to separate the components of petroleum?

Answer 48

Fractional Distillation

Question 49

The second law of thermodynamics states “Heat can never pass from a colder to warmer body without another concurrent change within.” What is the concurrent change in the modern refrigerator?

Answer 49

Compressor which compresses the rigerant to drive the heat out.

Question 50

Quantum physics states that particles like photons, electrons and atoms exist as ______ until seen or measured thus explaining their wave/particle duality. Suggesting further that our _____ is entengled in reality.

Answer 50

Particle, Consciousness