Exam 3 Flashcards
The 16th century Dutch merchant ships were called the ________.
Dutch Fluyt
When wood pitch and tar became scarce the British navy turned to _________ for coating the ships bottoms.
Copper
In the process of coke formation coal is heated anaerobically driving off which three things?
coal gas, coal tar, water
The banks in England got their start as ________.
Bill of Credit
The anaerobic decomposition of pinewood yields _____, ______, ______ and _____.
charcoal, tar/pitch, oils, and turpentine
The coal gas from coking was first used for______.
Gas Lamps
The first two chemicals extracted from coal tar were _____ and ______.
Ammonia, Naphtha
Quinine, a remedy for malaria, was first isolated from the ______ plant.
Cinchona
Synthetic dyes were accidentally discovered while trying to extract _____ from coal tar.
Quinine
Color chemistry was developed in _____ but flourished in ______.
England, Germany
Aristocrats in England were _____ to make a profit from their ______.
embarrassed, education
The Haber/Bosch process was originally designed to make Sodium nitrate (NaNO3) used for the purpose of _______.
Fertilizer
In a failed attempt to make synthetic diamonds Moissan made calcium carbide which when added to water gave off __________ gas.
acetylene
In 1905 the market for acetylene lamps decreased significantly do to the gas mantle and cheap electricity. Subsequently, it was discovered that calcium carbide could “fix” nitrogen and be used as a _____.
Fertilizer
Name three natural polymers
DNA, Protein (Leather), Cellulose (Wood)
Name three synthetic polymers
Polyproplene, Polystyrene, Polyisoprene
What is the source for nearly all the synthetic polymers?
Petroleum and Coal
What were the three major technologies discussed in this portion of the course?
Plastic, Television, Liquid Fuel
There has been solid fuel (gunpowder, etc.) rockets for hundreds of years. Why are liquid fuel rockets unique and so important?
It has the ability to control rockets such as accelerate and decelerate.
What is the propellant in the XIPS rockets?
Xenon
Explain the difference between thermoplastics and thermoset plastics.
Thermoplastics is changeable through heat. Thermoset cannot be changed.
Explain the new warfare technologies discussed in this section of the course. How and why did they affect troop size?
Rifles, Pike Square, Arquebus, Flintlock Musket
All this new technology made it easier to train soldiers thus increasing front-line warfare personnel.
After the battle of Marengo what two things did Napoleon employ to get France back in financial shape?
- Placed currency on gold standard
- Created the “Society for the Encouragement of Industry
One of the awards from the Society for the Encouragement of Industry was for _____.
Food Preservation
Preserved food first became available in England to the public in 1820. What container was used for this food?
Tin Can
Clostridium Botulinum is a lethal bacterium, which under anaerobic conditions produces a deadly nerve toxin. What is the common medical name for this nerve toxin?
Botox
What was the trigger for the first air-cooling system?
Malaria
Explain how the air was cooled in J. Gorrie’s first air-cooling system.
- compressed air in piston to give off heat
- heat removed in water
- allow air to re-expand to become cold which removed heat from brine
Bucket 1 contains 1gallon water and bucket 2 contains 2gallons water both start at the same temperature. After adding an equal amount of heat to each bucket compare the final temperatures in the two buckets. Is one hotter than the other? If so, which one?
At same temperature, 2 gallon water will contain 2x more heat than 1 gallon water.
Heat = Temperature x quantity
Temperature = speed of molecules
Quantity = mass of molecules
Write the equation for a liquid, its vapor and heat?
Liquid + Heat → Vapor
Explain how the modern refrigerator works.
A heat pump pumps heat out of the fridge to decrease temperature
What was the first refrigerant used in the first household refrigerator and explain how heat was used to start the refrigerator?
Ammonia. Kerosene Burner was used to heat the ammoina and water.
Why is the adiabatic flask important to liquid fuel rockets?
Allowed for super cooled liquids.
Which country was first to use liquid fuel rockets for military purposes?
Germany
Explain the difference between heat and temperature.
Heat = Temperature x quantity
Temperature = speed of molecules
In the following figure, side c is 321m. What is the approximate distance of side a if angles A and B are 45 and 65 respectively? (hint: sine 45° = 0.707 & sine 70° = 0.9397 and remember A+B+C=180°)
45° + 65° + C = 180°
C = 180° - 45° - 65° = 70°
Sin 70°/321m = Sin 45°/a
a = (321m x Sin 45°)/Sin 70° = 242m
The first actual use of limelight was to solve a _________ problem.
Triangulation
Placing electrode wires from a battery in water yields_____ and _____. This process is called ________.
Hydrogen and Oxyen, Electrolysis
What is the difference, if any, between oxygen and air? Hint: what is the concentration of oxygen in air?
Concentration Levels
Limelight requires fuel plus ______ to create the necessary heat to incandesce.
pure oxygen
Limelight was planned for lighthouses but didn’t succeed. What lighting source was eventually used in lighthouses and how does it work?
Electricity for Carbon Arc Lamp produced by spinning magnet within arms of coiled wire
Motion pictures in California got it start in San Francisco in 1872 to solve a bet using sequential photographic images of ______.
Horse
What was the iconoscope?
An image is cast onto thousands of photoelectric cells
What were the architectural changes caused by the cannon?
Defensive bastion and shorter slanted curtain walls
Valence electrons falling to lower energy levels emit ______?
Light
The conversion of light into electricity from a metal surface is called the __________ effect.
Photoelectric
What are the brain tricks used in television to provide the illusion of picture and motion?_____.
- Sequential Pictures
- Pixilated Image
What is the name of the process used to separate the components of petroleum?
Fractional Distillation
The second law of thermodynamics states “Heat can never pass from a colder to warmer body without another concurrent change within.” What is the concurrent change in the modern refrigerator?
Compressor which compresses the rigerant to drive the heat out.
Quantum physics states that particles like photons, electrons and atoms exist as ______ until seen or measured thus explaining their wave/particle duality. Suggesting further that our _____ is entengled in reality.
Particle, Consciousness
