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science 6th grade > Final exam > Flashcards

Final exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Weather

A

The condition of the atmosphere at a given time and place

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2
Q

Atmosphere

A

The envelope of gasses that surround the Earth

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3
Q

Water vapor

A

Water in the form of a gas

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4
Q

Density

A

The amount of mass in a given volume of air

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5
Q

Air pressure

A

The result of the weight of a column of air pushing on an area

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6
Q

Barometer

A

An instrument used to measure air pressure

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7
Q

Mercury baromter

A

A barometer that consists of a long glass tube that is closed on one end and opened at the other

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8
Q

Aneroid barometer

A

A barometer that has an airtight metal chamber

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9
Q

Altitude

A

Distance above sea level

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10
Q

Troposphere

A

The layer of the atmosphere were weather happens

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11
Q

Stratosphere

A

The layer of the atmosphere that contains the ozone layer

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12
Q

Mesosphere

A

The layer that protects us from meteoroids

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13
Q

Thermosphere

A

The outermost layer of the atmosphere

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14
Q

Ionosphere

A

The first half of the thermosphere

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15
Q

Exosphere

A

The second half of the thermosphere

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16
Q

Greenhouse effect

A

When radiation goes back up from Earth’s surface and gets caught in gases that in turn heat the Earth

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17
Q

Convection

A

Heat transfer through the movement of a fluid

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18
Q

Conduction

A

Heat transfer through direct touching of two substances

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19
Q

Radiation

A

Heat transfer through rays

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20
Q

Wind

A

The movement of air parallel to Earth’s surface

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21
Q

Global winds

A

A steady blowing wind over a long distance

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22
Q

cause of local winds

A

Because of the unequal heating in Earth’s surface

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23
Q

Coriolis effect

A

The way Earth’s rotation makes wind curve

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24
Q

Global vs local

A

Global is long Local is short (all for distances)

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25
Q

Latitude

A

Lines that go East and West through the Earth

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26
Q

Longitude

A

Lines that go North and South through the Earth

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27
Q

Local winds

A

A steady blowing wind over a short distance

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28
Q

What causes winds to move?

A

Differences in air pressure

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29
Q

Water cycle

A

The movement of water through Earth’s systems, powered by the sun’s energy

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30
Q

Water cycle order

A 
Evaporation
Condensation
Precipitation
Run off
Ground water
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31
Q

Evaporation

A

The process by which molecules of liquid escape into the air after becoming water vapor

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32
Q

Condensation

A

The process by water becomes liquid water

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33
Q

Precipitation

A

When water is released from clouds in any of the 5 forms of precipitation

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34
Q

Run off

A

Run off is precipitation that did not et absorbed into the soil, or so did not evaporate, and therefore made its way from the ground surface into places that water collect

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35
Q

Ground water

A

Water present beneath Earth’s surface from the runoff that collects and goes into lakes, river, streams, etc…

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36
Q

Humidity

A

The measure of water vapor in the atmosphere

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37
Q

Evapotranspiration

A

The process of water being released into the atmosphere (evaporation) from plants, trees, soil, or other surfaces

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38
Q

Relative humidity

A

The percentage of water that is actually in the air compared or the maximum amount of water vapor that the air can hold at a particular temperature

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39
Q

Psychrometer

A

An instrument used to measure relative humidity

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40
Q

Dew point

A

The point at which condensation begins

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41
Q

Cirrus clouds

A

Wispy feathery clouds at high altitudes

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42
Q

Cumulus

A

Clouds that look like cotton and indicate fair weather

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43
Q

Stratus

A

Dull gray flat layered clouds that produce precipitation

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44
Q

Nimbus

A

Clouds that produce thunderstorms

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45
Q

Precipitation (definition not water cycle)

A

Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth’s surface

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46
Q

Rain

A

Drops of water that are at least 0.5 mm in diameter

Rain is the most common kind of precipitation

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47
Q

What is rain made up of?

A

Drops called drizzle which are made up of smaller drops called mist

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48
Q

Sleet

A

Ice particles smaller than 5 mm in diameter

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49
Q

These form when raindrops fall through a layer of air that is below 0 degrees celsius, the freezing point of water, as they fall raindrops freeze into solid particles of ice

A

formation of sleet

50
Q

Hail

A

A round pellet of ice larger than 5 mm in diameter

51
Q

Snow

A

When water vapor turns directly into ice crystals

52
Q

Freezing rain

A

Rain drops that fall as liquid, but freeze when they touch a cold surface

53
Q

5 types of precipitation

A

Hail, Snow, Sleet, Freezing rain, Rain

54
Q

Rain gauge

A

An open ended tube that collects rain

55
Q

Water vapor

A

Water in the form of a gas

56
Q

Flood

A

An overflowing of water in a particularly dry area

57
Q

Drought

A

A long period of scarce rainfall or dry weather

58
Q

Air mass

A

A huge body of air in the lower atmosphere that has similar temperature, humidity, and air pressure at any given height

59
Q

Tropical air mass

A

Warm

60
Q

Polar air mass

A

Cold

61
Q

Continental air mass

A

Dry

62
Q

Maritime air mass

A

Wet

63
Q

Jet streams

A

High bands of winds abut 10 km over Earth’s surface

64
Q

Fronts

A

Boundaries where 2 air masses meet

65
Q

Cold front

A

When the warm air is pushed upward along the leading edge of the cooler air

66
Q

Warm front

A

When the fast moving warm air overtakes the slow moving cold air this mass is also accompanied by clouds and precipitation

67
Q

Stationary front

A

When cold air masses and warm air masses meet, but neither can meet

68
Q

Occluded front

A

When a warm air mass is caught between two cooler air masses and the warm air gets cut off or in other words occluded

69
Q

Cyclone

A

A swirling low center of air pressure

70
Q

Anticyclone

A

High pressure centers of dry air that come with fair weather and is marked with and H on a weather map

71
Q

Storm

A

A violent disturbance in the amtosphere

72
Q

Thunder storm

A

A small storm often accompanied by heavy rain and frequent thunder and lightning

73
Q

Lightning

A

A sudden spark or electrical discharge

74
Q

Hurricane

A

A tropical cyclone with winds of 119 km or larger

75
Q

Storm surge

A

A “dome” of water that sweeps across the coast where the hurricane lands

76
Q

Tornado

A

A rapidly whirling funnel-shaped cloud that reaches down from the thunderstorm to touch Earth’s surface

77
Q

Evacuation

A

To move away temporarily from an area that will be hit by a hurricane or an other type of storm with possible damage to the area

78
Q

Meterologist

A

A predicts who studies the weather

79
Q

Axis

A

An imaginary line that runs through the Earth

80
Q

Rotation

A

The spinning of Earth on its axis

81
Q

Revolution

A

The movement of one object around another, in this case the Earth around the sun

82
Q

Orbit

A

Earth’s path around the sun

83
Q

Calendar

A

A system of organizing time that defines the beginning length, and divisions of a year

84
Q

Solstices

A

When the sun appears farthest North and farthest South of the equator

85
Q

Equinoxes

A

Halfway between solstices, each of these days has equal day and equal night

86
Q

Moon phases

A

Total cycle is in 29.5 days (how a month came to be)

87
Q

Summer solctice

A

sun hits tropic of cancer at 90 degree angle

88
Q

Winter solctice

A

Sun hits tropic of capricorn longest night of the year

89
Q

Vernal and Autumnal equinoxes

A

Sun hits equator at 90 degree angle

90
Q

Neap tide

A

A tide where the moon’s pull is at right angle’s to the sun’s pull

91
Q

Spring tide

A

When there is a 180 degree angle between the moons pulls and the sun’s pulls

92
Q

How does a hurricane form step 1

A

Intense sunshine

93
Q

How does a hurricane form step 2

A

Massive evaporation takes place

94
Q

How does a hurricane form step 3

A

Convection causes t-storms

95
Q

How does a hurricane form step 4

A

t-storms organize into squall line

96
Q

How does a hurricane form step 5

A

Under the right condition upper level winds kink squall line

97
Q

How does a hurricane form step 6

A

squall line spins around itself forming eyewall

98
Q

How does a hurricane form step 7

A

Hurricane grows until forces destroy it

99
Q

How does a hurricane die

A

Cold water

Cold upper level winds (continental polar air mass boundary) and Land

100
Q

What is the order of the moon phases?

A

New moon, waxing crescent, 1st quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, 3rd quarter, waning crescent

101
Q

When moon gets more light?

A

waxing

102
Q

When moon gets less light?

A

waning

103
Q

what percent of the atmosphere is made up of oxygen?

A

21

104
Q

what percent of the atmosphere is made up of nitrogen?

A

78

105
Q

what percent of the atmosphere is made up of gases other then oxygen and nitrogen?

A

Traces gases, 1%

106
Q

As you ride upwards towards the atmosphere what happens to air pressure?

A

It decreases

107
Q

Which layer of the atmosphere protects Earth’s surface from being hit by meteoroids?

A

Mesosphere

108
Q

When heated, Earth’s surface radiates some of the energy back into the atmosphere as what type of radiation?

A

Infrared

109
Q

Energy from the sun that reaches Earth is mostly in the form of visible light, infrared radiation and what type of radiation?

A

Ultraviolet radiation

110
Q

Because air has mass, it exerts a force on an area or surface called what?

A

Air pressure

111
Q

What is the elevation, or distance above sea level?

A

Altitude

112
Q

Because of what global winds in the Northern hemisphere gradually turns towards the right?

A

Coriolis effect

113
Q

What winds blow from west to eat away from horse latitudes?

A

Prevailing westerlies

114
Q

What causes day and night?

A

Earth’s rotation on its axis

115
Q

When the north end of Earth’s axis is tilted toward the sun, North America will experience what?

A

More direct rays and longer days

116
Q

How long does Earth’s rotation take?

A

24 hours

117
Q

What is a solar eclipse?

A

When the Moon is between the Earth and the sun

118
Q

Why is it less likely to see a solar eclipse then a lunar eclipse?

A

Because the moon’s umbra only covers a small area of Earth’s surface

119
Q

When are the tides highest?

A

At a spring tide, full moon when the Earth moon and sun are in a line

120
Q

When are the tides lowest?

A

At a neap tide when the

121
Q

Cool air is more or less dense?

A

More dense and flows under warm air

science 6th grade (7 decks)

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