Earthquakes test 1/21/16

Question 1

What causes Earthquakes

Answer 1

plate tectonics, drilling, explosions, volcanoes, etc…

Question 2

focus/epicenter

Answer 2

the center of the earthquake

Question 3

how do you find an epicenter on a map

Answer 3

find the difference between P waves and S waves in arrival time from 3 different seismographs, then measure that in km, then make three circles and the middle will be the epicenter

Question 4

seismograph

Answer 4

an instrument that records and measures an earthquake’s seismic wave and put data into the seismogram

Question 5

Different types of stress

Answer 5

tension, shearing, compression

Question 6

types of faults

Answer 6

normal, reverse, strike slip

Question 7

types of seismic waves

Answer 7

(p) primary, (s) secondary, surface waves

Question 8

p waves

Answer 8

p waves are seismic waves that compress and expand like an accordian

Question 9

s waves

Answer 9

S waves are seismic waves that can vibrate from side to side, up or down

Question 10

eqipment for measuring earthquakes

Answer 10

modified Mercalli scale, Richter scale, moment magnitude scale

Question 11

surface waves

Answer 11

surface waves are seismic waves that go in a circle, and makes buildings shake and roll from side to side

Question 12

focus of an earthquake

Answer 12

The focus of an earthquake is the area beneath the Earth’s surface where rock that was under stress begins to break

Question 13

epicenter of an earthquake

Answer 13

The epicenter is the point on the surface directly above the focus

Question 14

stress

Answer 14

a force that acts on a rock to change its shape or volume

Question 15

normal fault

Answer 15

a fault caused by tension in the earth’s crust pulling the earth;s crust apart

Question 16

strike slip fault

Answer 16

a fault caused by shearing

Question 17

reverse fault

Answer 17

a fault caused by compression, rock breaking and riding over the other rock

Question 18

Where is the Antycline

Answer 18

top of folding

Question 19

Where is the Syncline

Answer 19

bottom of folding

Question 20

what is the modified mercalli scale

Answer 20

it rates the amount of shaking/damage from in earthquake by human eyewitness rated from i-xii

Question 21

liquefaction

Answer 21

stiffness of something being reduced by the shaking of the earthquake

Question 22

what is the richter scale

Answer 22

a numerical scale for expressing the MAGNITUDE of an earthquake

Question 23

what is an earthquake’s magnitude

Answer 23

a single number that geologists assign to an earthquake based on its size

Question 24

Definition of a seismic wave

Answer 24

an elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means

Question 25

fault block mountains

Answer 25

created by tectonic plates and localized stresses in the Earth's crust

Question 26

what is amplifacation

Answer 26

amplification is a process in which the tsunami nears land only on certain sea-floors

Question 27

tension

Answer 27

when rock is pulled apart, and the center becomes thinner

Question 28

compression

Answer 28

rock being pushed together

Question 29

shearing

Answer 29

the rock is pushed and pulled in opposite directions

Question 30

folding

Answer 30

when rock bends but it doesn't break under stress

Question 31

how to defend Tsunamis and be safe from them

Answer 31

education, technology, geology

Question 32

Tsunami threats towards the USA

Answer 32

Canary Islands (Atlantic), Pacific Northwest, California, Oregon, Vancouver

Question 33

four ways Tsunamis are caused

Answer 33

Landslides, Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Things from space (meteorites, astroids, etc...)

Question 34

seismogram

Answer 34

``` an instrument that draws out earthquakes from the data in the seismograph in straight wavy lines that move North South East West ```

Question 35

magnitude

Answer 35

a single # assigned to a earthquake by a geologist based on its size/ the energy released by the earthquake

Question 36

what is the moment magnitude scale

Answer 36

an instrument for measuring earthquake's that measures the total energy given off, and the geology behind it

Question 37

natural things that help stop earthquakes

Answer 37

high cliffs, steep rocks

Question 38

The Indian Ocean Tsunami was caused by

Answer 38

stick slip frictional properties, and subduction (the subduction boundary was up for so long it pooped all the water had the amplification process towards the land)