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Large Animal Surgery > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Skull Fractures: Locations

A

calvaria, basllar, facial, incisive, mandibular

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2
Q

What is important to asses w/ facial fractures?

A

nasolacrimal duct patency

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3
Q

What type of catheter is used to drain the maxillary sinus?

A

foley catheter

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4
Q

Mandibular Fracture: Tx Options

A

cerclage, screws, plates, external fixation, combo

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5
Q

Parrot Mouth (Brachynathism): Tx

A

osteotomy + distractions

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6
Q

Cervical Vertebra Fracture: Tx Options

A

screws, plates, external fixation

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7
Q

Static Compressive Spinal Cord Lesions: Etiology

A

DJD of caudal cervical vertebra

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8
Q

Static Compressive Spinal Cord Lesions: Tx

A

less than 1yr - PACE feeding

rest, dorsal laminectomy, interbody fusion

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9
Q

Equine Dental Dz: Signs

A

wt. loss, constipation, poor performance, head shaking, lameness

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10
Q

Curve of Spee: Definition

A

natural curve of the teeth following the mandible

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11
Q

Teeth Floating: technique

A

move float cranio-caudal while pressing with the opposite hand

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12
Q

What tooth is the wolf tooth?

A

Maxillary P1

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13
Q

Sheer Mouth: Definition

A

massetor muscle atrophy

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14
Q

How do you make a bit seat?

A

trim P2 so gingiva doesn’t pinch

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15
Q

Dentigerous Cysts: Etiology

A

congenital anomaly

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16
Q

Dentigerous Cysts: Sign

A

swelling at base of ear

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17
Q

Dentigerous Cysts: Tx

A

sx removal

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18
Q

T/F: Foals are born w/ deciduous incisors

A

False

they’re born with premolars

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19
Q

When do deciduous incisors erupt?

A

6d
6wk
6mo

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20
Q

When do Adult incisors erupt?

A
  1. 5yr
  2. 5yr
  3. 5yr
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21
Q

When do adult premolars erupt?

A

2yr
3yr
4yr

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22
Q

When do deciduous molars erupt?

A

1yr
2yr
3yr

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23
Q

When do cups disappear from the incisors?

A

3.5yr after adult eruption

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24
Q

Equine: Dental Formula

A

I 3/3
C 1/1
P 3/3 (P1 is vestigial)
M 3/3

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25
Q

Sinusitis: Forms

A

Primary - URTI

Secondary - dental, fracture, cysts, neoplasia

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26
Q

Sinusitis: Signs

A

serosanguinous nasal discharge, chough, facial deformity

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27
Q

Sinusitis: Dx

A

rads (fluid line), endoscopy

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28
Q

Sinusitis: Sx Landmarks

A

1cm above halfway between medial canthus and cranial edge of facial crest

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29
Q

Sinusitis: Sx Aftercare

A

leave open, flush daily, abx, NSAIDs

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30
Q

Cribbing: Tx

A

change environment, cribbing strap, sx removal of - laryngeal bones, Ventral branch of CN XI, sternothyrouhyoideus m.

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31
Q

Viborg’s Triangle: Borders

A

sternomandibular muscle, lingofacial vein, cd. border of vertical ramus

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32
Q

Tympany: Signs

A

nonpainful, dyspnea, dyshagia, inhalation pneumonia

33
Q

Tympany: Tx

A

drain - needle aspiration, indwelling catheter, sx

34
Q

Empyema: Etiology

A

URTI, abscessation of retropharyngeal, stylohyoid fracture

35
Q

Empyema: Signs

A

nasal discharge

36
Q

Empyema: Tx

A

indwelling catheter, sx

37
Q

Colic in Foals: Neonatal Etiology

A

meconium impaction, enteritis, hernia w/ ruptured tunic

38
Q

Colic in Foals: 2-5d old Etiology

A

ruptured bladder, atresia coli

39
Q

Colic in Foals: >5d old Etiology

A

gastric outflow obstruction, SI volvulous, intussusception, heria

40
Q

Rectal Tear: Etiology

A

iatrogenic

41
Q

Rectal Tear: Grades

A

1 - mucosa +/- submucosa
2 - muscularis only
3 - only serosa remains
4 - full thickness tear

42
Q

Rectal Tear: Tx - Grade 1/2

A

abx, analgesic, laxative

43
Q

Rectal Tear: Tx - Grade 3/4

A

sx (repair + fecal diversion), fluids, banamine, abx, buscopan (intestinal relaxation)

44
Q

Fecal Diversion: Procedure

A

rectal sleeve w/ hand cut off glued to prolapse ring, sutured in place w/ Catgut

45
Q

When is a colostomy indicated w/ rectal tears?

A

> 25% of rectal diameter

>50cm w/in rectum

46
Q

Rectal Prolapse: Grades

A

1 - only mucosa exposed
2 - all layers exposed
3 - 2 + descending colon intussusepts
4 - tissue becomes necrotic

47
Q

Rectal Prolapse: Tx - Grade 1/2

A

epidural, reduction, reduce edema, +/- purse string/perirectal iodine injection

48
Q

Rectal Prolapse: Tx - Grade 3/4

A

remove devitalized tissue, sx reduce

49
Q

Inguinal Hernias: Tx Methods

A

cx + repair, inguinal heriorrhaphy,

50
Q

Umbilical Hernia: Conservative Tx - Indications

A

less than 5cm (3 fingers), less than 1yr old

51
Q

Umbilical Hernia: Conservative Tx

A

spontaneous, daily reduction and irritate ring, hernia clamp

52
Q

When does an umbilical hernia become complicated?

A

when the peritoneum is open

53
Q

What pattern do you use to close the hernia?

A

vest over pants aka overlapping pattern

54
Q

T/F: The umbilical vein is the most commonly infected umbilical remnant.

A

False

the urachus is most common, neck and neck with umbilical arteries

55
Q

Infected Umbilical Remnants: Tx

A

sx removal

56
Q

Choke: Conservative Tx

A

atropine, oxytocin, lidocaine, warm water pulse,

57
Q

Choke: Sx Tx

A

esophagotomy w/ ventral fistula

58
Q

Rumen Fistula: Indications

A

relieve free gas, nutrition studies, feed directly

59
Q

How much rumen should be exposed before making the fistula?

A

1in

60
Q

T/F: Therapeutic ruminal fistulas require a second sx to close.

A

false

they close on their own w/in wks

61
Q

Rumenotomy: Indications

A

hardware dz, grain overload, impaction, indigestion, foreign body

62
Q

What is important to remember when opening the rumen for a rumenotomy?

A

rumen is folded over the skin, so backflow doesn’t enter the abdomen

63
Q

When do you lavage the rumen?

A

grain overload

64
Q

Segmental Posthectomy: Indications

A

mass removal

65
Q

Phallectomy: Definition

A

amputation of the penis + urethrostomy

66
Q

Phallopexy: Indications

A

retract paralyzed penis

67
Q

Ovariectomy: Indications

A

Unilateral - abscess, mass

Bilateral - eliminate estrous/nymphomania

68
Q

Ovariectomy: Approaches

A

flank, colpotomy (transvaginal), laparoscopy, midline

69
Q

Colic Management: Pain

A

multimodal, banamine + xylazine, butophanol (last resort), buscopan (spasmolytics)

70
Q

Colic Sx: Indications

A

persistent pain/gas reflux, entrolith palpated, edematous SI, cardio deterioration, abdominal distention

71
Q

Colic Sx: Approaches

A

ventral, inguinal, flank

72
Q

Colic Post-op: Pain Management

A

banamine, lidocaine CRI

73
Q

Colic Post-op: Endotoxemia Management

A

fluids, banamine, DTO, polymyxin B

74
Q

Colic Post-op: Ileus Management

A

supportive, NG tube, fluids + electrolytes, prokinetics

75
Q

T/F: Radiographs are an available diagnostic tool in foals.

A

true

76
Q

What is the max dose of Banamine in foals?

A

1.1mg/kg BID

77
Q

What GI protectant is effective in foals?

A

ranitidine (omeprazole only works after 30d old)

78
Q

What does an IgG less than 800 in foals indicate?

A

partial passive transfer failure

79
Q

T/F: A ruptured bladder in a foal is a surgical emergency.

A

False

it is a medical emergency, sx can be done once stable

Large Animal Surgery (3 decks)

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