Exam 2 Flashcards by Ross Taylor

What do you fill the abdomen with when performing abdominal laproscopy?

CO2

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What knot is used for laproscopic ligatures?

roeder knot

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Equine Sarcoid: Etiology

Papova virus

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Equine Sarcoid: Forms

verrucuous, fibroblastic, mixed, occult

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Verrucous Sarcoid: Appearance

warty, dry scaly, can -> fibroblastic

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Fibroblastic Sarcoid: Appearance

proud flesh like, hard fibrous, ulcerated

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Occult Sarcoid: Appearance

inflammatory nodules

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Equine Sarcoid: Tx

benign neglect (not impeding, uncomfortable) sx exicision

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Equine Sarcoid: Recovery Time Post-op

~2.5mo

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What type of skin flap is used when excising Melanomas?

H-plasty

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When are supernumerary teats removed?

6mo

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Theloscopy: Definition

scoping the teat

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Teat Obstruction: Examples

annular ring obstruction, fibrosis, papilloma, calculus, sphincter injury, black spot

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What tools are used to enlarge the teat canal?

Lichty Teat Knife, spiral teat curette

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Lichty Teat Knife: Procedure

incise teat canal every 90 degrees until normal milk flow

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What instruments are used for Teat Internal Mass removal?

hugs teat tumor extractor, cornell teat currette

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What chemical is used to destroy one quarter of the udder?

100cc 10% formaldehyde in 500cc saline, 100cc 3% silver nitrate

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Teat Fistula: Definition

full thickness teat laceration

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Thelotomy: Definition

opening the teat cistern

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Teat Implant: Material

silastic tubing

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Teat Implant: Indications

teat fistula, membrane between gland and cistern

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Mastectomy: Indication

chronic/severe mastitis

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T/F: There is plenty of loose skin for closing a mastectomy.

False

preserve as much skin as possible

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Cattle Lameness: Signs

hunched back, unequal limb stiffness, head bob, hooves not tracking

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Cattle Hoof Trim: Measurments

Sole Thickness: 5-7mm | Hoof Wall Length: 3in

Cattle Laminitis: Etiologies

high concentrate diet, mastitis

Cattle Laminitis: Signs

cross legged stance

Cattle Laminitis: Tx

NSAIDs, hoof trim, diet change, good husbandry

Cattle: Vertical Crack - Etiology

dry hoof wall

Cattle: Vertical Crack - Tx

debride, block good digit

Corn: Definition

interdigital fibroma

Corn: Appearance

growth between digits, poss. ulceration

Corn: Tx

hoof trim, sx removal

T/F: When removing a corn it is ok to remove the tourniquet before placing the bandage.

False | the incision will bleed profusely

Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis: Appearance

cauliflower like (hairy foot wart)

Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis: Tx

topical antibiotics

Sole Abscess: Cattle - Tx

drain, debride, block good digit (2nd intention healing)

Sole Abscess: Equine - Tx

drain, debride (leave hoof wall), soak until open, bandage

Septic Arthritis: Etiology

trauma, hematogenous, iatrogenic

Septic Arthritis: Foal Types

S - synovial membrane/fluid, less than 1wk E - epiphysis, wks old P - physis, wks-mo

Type S Arthritis: Signs

swollen joints, acute

Type E Arthritis: Signs

intermittent lameness, poss. fever, then effusion

Type P Arthritis: Signs

periarticular swelling w/o effusion

T/F: If the joint is open (involved) it is likely to be infected.

True

Septic Arthritis: Adult Signs

acute, synovial effusion

Septic Arthritis: Dx

culture, signs, cytology, DI

Septic Arthritis: Equine Tx

broad spectrum antibiotics, LAVAGE (5-10L) under sedation w/ LRS, intra-articular injections

T/F: Injecting multiple joints intra-articularly w/ antibiotics can exceed systemic dose.

True

Septic Arthritis: Bovine Tx

digit amputation, arthrodesis

Where is the toe amputated in Cattle?

oblique cut through middle of P1

How long is a bovine good for after an amputation?

2yr

Stapelers: Types

GIA/ILA, TA, LDS, EEA, skin

GIA/ILA: Funtion

bulk ligation, GI anastomosis

GIA: Appearance

2 interlocking pieces, straight mouth

TA: Function

bulk ligation (for resection or closure)

LDS: Appearance

short barrel ray gun

LDS: Function

small ligation

EEZ: Appearance

long barrel ray gun

Angular Deformities: Types

Valgus - lat. deviation of hoof | Varus - Med. deviatin of hoof

Angular Deformities: Etiologies

periarticular laxity, incomplete ossification, physial trauma

Angular Deformities: Dx

observation, limb manipulation, rads

How do you find the Pivot Point?

draw straight line through middle of long bones, where they intersect is the pivot point

Angular Deformities: Tx

stall rest, therapuetic hoof trim/shoeing, external support, sx

Angular Deformities: Sx Options

HCPTE - growth promotion by striping periostium TTP - growth retardation by placing screws and wires corrective osteoectomy

Flexural Deformities: Definition

hyperflexion of a limb from musculotendinous origins

Flexural Deformities: Tx

exercise, external correction, digital flexor tenotomy, amputation, superior check ligament desmotomy,

Bone Spavin: Definition

djd of distal tarsal and TMT joints

Sickle Hocked: Definition

hoof deviated cranially

Cow Hocked: Definition

tarsus rotated medially

Bone Spavin: Grades

1 - very small osteophyte distolateral to central tarsal bone 2 - small osteophyte proxodorsolateral to MT3 bone 3 - medium osteophyte distomedial to central tarsal bone 4 - large osteophyte proxodorsolateral to MT3 bone

Bone Spavin: Etiologies

chronic, repetitive compression, torsion, and shear strains

Bone Spavin: Medical Tx

intr-articular steroids, phenylbutazone, exercise

Bone Spavin: Sx Tx

arthrodesis; mechanical - drill out cartilage in 3 directions, 30 deg. from each other chemical - 70% ethanol

P1 Fracture: Etiology

torsion w/ axial wt bearing

P1 Fracture: Tx

internal fixation

Splint Bone Fracture: Etiology

hyperextension of the fetlock, trauma

Splint Bone Fractures: Tx

Proximal - internal fixation, debride + wound management segmental ostectomy, distal removal (less than 2/3 of bone), Distal - sx removal

T/F: You should remove splint bone plates 6-8mo post-op.

false | you should remove them 3-4mo post-op

Splint Exostosis: Definition

proliferative periostitis of splint bone

Splint Exostosis: Etiology

trauma, ligamentous inflammation

Splint Exostosis: Tx

conservative - rest, NSAIDs | Sx removal

Stress Fractures: Location

MC3

Stress Fractures: Etiology

long distance training

Stress Fractures: Medical Tx

rest, NSAIDs, reduce exercise, radiographic monitoring

Stress Fractures: Sx Tx

osteostixis

Proximal Sesamoid Bone Fracture: Locations

apex, mid-body, base, abaxial, axial, comminuted

Proximal Sesamoid Bone Fracture: Etiology

excessive tension from suspensory, trauma

Proximal Sesamoid Bone Fracture: Tx

sx removal (up to 1/3), screws

Condylar Fractures: Etiology

high compressive load, asynchronous longitudinal rotation of the cannon bone

Condylar Fractures: Tx

internal fixation w/ lag screws

Ulnar Fracture: Signs

dropped elbow w/ flexed carpus

Ulnar Fracture: 1st Aid

Bandage and palmar splint w/ carpus in extension

T/F: If the horse is > 1yr old you can engage the radius with ulnar fracture repair.

True

Proximal Salter-Harris Tibial Fracture: Tx

external coaptation w/ Thomas-Schroeder

What is the Tx for a Comminuted Humeral Fracture in Cattle?

stall rest for 2-3mo