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Large Animal Surgery > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What do you fill the abdomen with when performing abdominal laproscopy?

A

CO2

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2
Q

What knot is used for laproscopic ligatures?

A

roeder knot

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3
Q

Equine Sarcoid: Etiology

A

Papova virus

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4
Q

Equine Sarcoid: Forms

A

verrucuous, fibroblastic, mixed, occult

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5
Q

Verrucous Sarcoid: Appearance

A

warty, dry scaly, can -> fibroblastic

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6
Q

Fibroblastic Sarcoid: Appearance

A

proud flesh like, hard fibrous, ulcerated

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7
Q

Occult Sarcoid: Appearance

A

inflammatory nodules

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8
Q

Equine Sarcoid: Tx

A

benign neglect (not impeding, uncomfortable) sx exicision

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9
Q

Equine Sarcoid: Recovery Time Post-op

A

~2.5mo

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10
Q

What type of skin flap is used when excising Melanomas?

A

H-plasty

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11
Q

When are supernumerary teats removed?

A

6mo

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12
Q

Theloscopy: Definition

A

scoping the teat

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13
Q

Teat Obstruction: Examples

A

annular ring obstruction, fibrosis, papilloma, calculus, sphincter injury, black spot

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14
Q

What tools are used to enlarge the teat canal?

A

Lichty Teat Knife, spiral teat curette

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15
Q

Lichty Teat Knife: Procedure

A

incise teat canal every 90 degrees until normal milk flow

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16
Q

What instruments are used for Teat Internal Mass removal?

A

hugs teat tumor extractor, cornell teat currette

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17
Q

What chemical is used to destroy one quarter of the udder?

A

100cc 10% formaldehyde in 500cc saline, 100cc 3% silver nitrate

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18
Q

Teat Fistula: Definition

A

full thickness teat laceration

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19
Q

Thelotomy: Definition

A

opening the teat cistern

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20
Q

Teat Implant: Material

A

silastic tubing

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21
Q

Teat Implant: Indications

A

teat fistula, membrane between gland and cistern

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22
Q

Mastectomy: Indication

A

chronic/severe mastitis

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23
Q

T/F: There is plenty of loose skin for closing a mastectomy.

A

False

preserve as much skin as possible

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24
Q

Cattle Lameness: Signs

A

hunched back, unequal limb stiffness, head bob, hooves not tracking

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25
Q

Cattle Hoof Trim: Measurments

A

Sole Thickness: 5-7mm

Hoof Wall Length: 3in

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26
Q

Cattle Laminitis: Etiologies

A

high concentrate diet, mastitis

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27
Q

Cattle Laminitis: Signs

A

cross legged stance

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28
Q

Cattle Laminitis: Tx

A

NSAIDs, hoof trim, diet change, good husbandry

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29
Q

Cattle: Vertical Crack - Etiology

A

dry hoof wall

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30
Q

Cattle: Vertical Crack - Tx

A

debride, block good digit

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31
Q

Corn: Definition

A

interdigital fibroma

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32
Q

Corn: Appearance

A

growth between digits, poss. ulceration

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33
Q

Corn: Tx

A

hoof trim, sx removal

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34
Q

T/F: When removing a corn it is ok to remove the tourniquet before placing the bandage.

A

False

the incision will bleed profusely

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35
Q

Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis: Appearance

A

cauliflower like (hairy foot wart)

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36
Q

Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis: Tx

A

topical antibiotics

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37
Q

Sole Abscess: Cattle - Tx

A

drain, debride, block good digit (2nd intention healing)

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38
Q

Sole Abscess: Equine - Tx

A

drain, debride (leave hoof wall), soak until open, bandage

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39
Q

Septic Arthritis: Etiology

A

trauma, hematogenous, iatrogenic

40
Q

Septic Arthritis: Foal Types

A

S - synovial membrane/fluid, less than 1wk
E - epiphysis, wks old
P - physis, wks-mo

41
Q

Type S Arthritis: Signs

A

swollen joints, acute

42
Q

Type E Arthritis: Signs

A

intermittent lameness, poss. fever, then effusion

43
Q

Type P Arthritis: Signs

A

periarticular swelling w/o effusion

44
Q

T/F: If the joint is open (involved) it is likely to be infected.

45
Q

Septic Arthritis: Adult Signs

A

acute, synovial effusion

46
Q

Septic Arthritis: Dx

A

culture, signs, cytology, DI

47
Q

Septic Arthritis: Equine Tx

A

broad spectrum antibiotics, LAVAGE (5-10L) under sedation w/ LRS, intra-articular injections

48
Q

T/F: Injecting multiple joints intra-articularly w/ antibiotics can exceed systemic dose.

49
Q

Septic Arthritis: Bovine Tx

A

digit amputation, arthrodesis

50
Q

Where is the toe amputated in Cattle?

A

oblique cut through middle of P1

51
Q

How long is a bovine good for after an amputation?

52
Q

Stapelers: Types

A

GIA/ILA, TA, LDS, EEA, skin

53
Q

GIA/ILA: Funtion

A

bulk ligation, GI anastomosis

54
Q

GIA: Appearance

A

2 interlocking pieces, straight mouth

55
Q

TA: Function

A

bulk ligation (for resection or closure)

56
Q

LDS: Appearance

A

short barrel ray gun

57
Q

LDS: Function

A

small ligation

58
Q

EEZ: Appearance

A

long barrel ray gun

59
Q

Angular Deformities: Types

A

Valgus - lat. deviation of hoof

Varus - Med. deviatin of hoof

60
Q

Angular Deformities: Etiologies

A

periarticular laxity, incomplete ossification, physial trauma

61
Q

Angular Deformities: Dx

A

observation, limb manipulation, rads

62
Q

How do you find the Pivot Point?

A

draw straight line through middle of long bones, where they intersect is the pivot point

63
Q

Angular Deformities: Tx

A

stall rest, therapuetic hoof trim/shoeing, external support, sx

64
Q

Angular Deformities: Sx Options

A

HCPTE - growth promotion by striping periostium
TTP - growth retardation by placing screws and wires
corrective osteoectomy

65
Q

Flexural Deformities: Definition

A

hyperflexion of a limb from musculotendinous origins

66
Q

Flexural Deformities: Tx

A

exercise, external correction, digital flexor tenotomy, amputation, superior check ligament desmotomy,

67
Q

Bone Spavin: Definition

A

djd of distal tarsal and TMT joints

68
Q

Sickle Hocked: Definition

A

hoof deviated cranially

69
Q

Cow Hocked: Definition

A

tarsus rotated medially

70
Q

Bone Spavin: Grades

A

1 - very small osteophyte distolateral to central tarsal bone
2 - small osteophyte proxodorsolateral to MT3 bone
3 - medium osteophyte distomedial to central tarsal bone
4 - large osteophyte proxodorsolateral to MT3 bone

71
Q

Bone Spavin: Etiologies

A

chronic, repetitive compression, torsion, and shear strains

72
Q

Bone Spavin: Medical Tx

A

intr-articular steroids, phenylbutazone, exercise

73
Q

Bone Spavin: Sx Tx

A

arthrodesis;
mechanical - drill out cartilage in 3 directions, 30 deg. from each other
chemical - 70% ethanol

74
Q

P1 Fracture: Etiology

A

torsion w/ axial wt bearing

75
Q

P1 Fracture: Tx

A

internal fixation

76
Q

Splint Bone Fracture: Etiology

A

hyperextension of the fetlock, trauma

77
Q

Splint Bone Fractures: Tx

A

Proximal - internal fixation, debride + wound management
segmental ostectomy, distal removal (less than 2/3 of bone),
Distal - sx removal

78
Q

T/F: You should remove splint bone plates 6-8mo post-op.

A

false

you should remove them 3-4mo post-op

79
Q

Splint Exostosis: Definition

A

proliferative periostitis of splint bone

80
Q

Splint Exostosis: Etiology

A

trauma, ligamentous inflammation

81
Q

Splint Exostosis: Tx

A

conservative - rest, NSAIDs

Sx removal

82
Q

Stress Fractures: Location

83
Q

Stress Fractures: Etiology

A

long distance training

84
Q

Stress Fractures: Medical Tx

A

rest, NSAIDs, reduce exercise, radiographic monitoring

85
Q

Stress Fractures: Sx Tx

A

osteostixis

86
Q

Proximal Sesamoid Bone Fracture: Locations

A

apex, mid-body, base, abaxial, axial, comminuted

87
Q

Proximal Sesamoid Bone Fracture: Etiology

A

excessive tension from suspensory, trauma

88
Q

Proximal Sesamoid Bone Fracture: Tx

A

sx removal (up to 1/3), screws

89
Q

Condylar Fractures: Etiology

A

high compressive load, asynchronous longitudinal rotation of the cannon bone

90
Q

Condylar Fractures: Tx

A

internal fixation w/ lag screws

91
Q

Ulnar Fracture: Signs

A

dropped elbow w/ flexed carpus

92
Q

Ulnar Fracture: 1st Aid

A

Bandage and palmar splint w/ carpus in extension

93
Q

T/F: If the horse is > 1yr old you can engage the radius with ulnar fracture repair.

94
Q

Proximal Salter-Harris Tibial Fracture: Tx

A

external coaptation w/ Thomas-Schroeder

95
Q

What is the Tx for a Comminuted Humeral Fracture in Cattle?

A

stall rest for 2-3mo

Large Animal Surgery (3 decks)

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