Exam 1 Flashcards
What is the purpose of making teaser studs?
to detect estrus w/o impregnating
What procedures are used to make teaser studs?
vasectomy, epididymectomy, penile fixation, prepuce translocation
T/F: You send the excised ductus deferens to histo.
true
for legality/papers
What part of the epididymis is removed in an epididymectomy?
the tail of the epididymis
Where is the epididymis ligated for an epididymectomy?
the body of the epididymis and the ductus deferens
Why are non-entry teasers made?
to prevent transfer of venereal dzs
Arthrocentesis: Purpose
Dx - lameness, fluid cytology, wound extent
Therapeutic - meds, lavage
Radiocarpal Joint: Landmarks
distal medial ridge of the radius
proximal edge of the radiocarpal bone
Midcarpal Joint: Landmarks
distal ridge of radiocarpal bone
proximal edge of 3rd carpal bone
Tibiotarsal Joint: Landmark
medial malleolus (avoid saphenous vein
T/F: the tibiotarsal and proximal intertarsal joints communicate.
True
Tarsometatarsal Joint: Landmark
insert proximal to 4th metatarsal
Distal Interphalangeal Joint: Landmark
proximal to dorsal coronary band
Metacarpophalangeal Joint: Landmarks
flexed palmar metacarpal 3
dorsal border of suspensory ligament
distal border of metacarpal 4
proximal lateral sesamoid bone
Femoropatellar Joint: Landmarks
Lateral - caudal to lateral patellar ligament, proximal to lateral tibial condyle
Cranial - troclear groove between patellar ligaments
Reimer Emasculator: Description
curved blades, 3rd arm for cutting
Serra Emasculator: Description
curved blades
Serra Modified Emasculator: Description
curved blades and handles
White Emasculator: Description
one thick flat blade, curved handle
Whte Modified Emasculator: Description
one flat, one curved blade
Hausmann Emasculator: Description
plain emasculator but with one straight arm
Pendulum Scrotum Cx: Closed Technique
- excise caudal 3rd of scrotum
- use gauze to hold and strip cord of CT proximally
- ligate cord w/ square knot hand tie
- attach mosquito prox. to ligation
- use emasculator (wingnut to nut)
- inspect stump
- stretch incision for proper drainage
Pendulum Scrotum Cx: Open Technique
- excise caudal 3rd of scrotum
- incise vaginal tunic
- separate cremaster muscle and spermatic cord
- ligate each with square knot hand tie
- attach mosquito prox. to ligation
- use emasculator (wingnut to nut)
- inspect stump
- stretch incision for proper drainage
Non-pendulum Scrotum Cx: Closed Technique
- incise over each testicle
- extrude testis
- use gauze to strip CT prox.
- ligate cord w/ square knot hand tie
- attach mosquito prox. to ligation
- use emasculator (wingnut to nut)
- inspect stump
- stretch incision for proper drainage
T/F: The crimp pattern allows for the stretch of tendons
true
What type of collagen replaces tendons during repair?
type III (which is less elastic)
Tendon Injuries: Types
overstrain acute/chronic, percutaneous trauma
Which tendons are most prone to injury?
SDF and suspensory ligament
Tendonitis: Signs
bowing of palmar contour, swelling, pain, lameness
Tendonitis: Dx
lameness exam, U/S, MRI, scintigraphy
What is the order of ligaments from superficial to deep over the palmar metacarpal?
SDF, DDF, check ligament, suspensory ligament
T/F: Measuring exact location and length of injury is not necessary with U/S.
False
it is necessary
Tendonitis: Tx
R&R, supportive, immobilization
How much of the secondary layer should be exposed above and below the tertiary layer?
~1-2 in.
which is then sealed with elastikon (without tension)
Sweeny: Definition
paralysis of suprascapular nerve
Sweeny: Signs
atrophy of the scapular muscles
Sweeny: Tx
decompression sx - remove a piece of the scapula under the nerve
Palmar Digital Neurectomy: Indications
pain caused by the navicular +/ coffin bone
Navicular Syndrom/Dz: Signs
bilateral forelimb lameness, worse on one leg, response to hoof testers
Navicular Syndrom/Dz: Tx
corrective hoof manipulation, anti-inflammatory injection, neurectomy
Stringhalt: Appearance
hind limb tucked up, exaggerated hindlimb gait
Stringhalt: Tx
lateral digital extensor tenotomy
How long is the coronet to sole time for hoof growth?
1yr
Where does the hoof grow from?
perioplic corium
What is the Hoof-Pastern Axis for the front and hind hooves?
50; 55
T/F: The shoe doesn’t have to be a perfect fit on the horse.
False
The shoe should be a perfect fit.
Where are nails placed?
just lateral to the white line
Corrective Shoeing: Coffin Bone Fracture
full bar shoe
Corrective Shoeing: Navicular Dz
rocker-toe shoe w/ elevated heel
Corrective Shoeing: Puncture Wounds
plate shoe
Thrush: Definition
degeneration of the frog
Thrush: Signs
odour, black discharge in sulci of the frog
Thrush: Tx
clean hoof, copper sulfate
Laminitis: Obel Grading
1 - no lameness at walk, short gait
2 - stiff gait at walk
3 - reluctant to walk, resists lifting foot
4 - refuses to move, recumbent
How many inches of the secondary layer should be visible on either side of the tertiary layer?
1in on either end
Foot Bandage: Coverage
entire hoof and coronary band
Distal Limb: Coverage
coronary band to just distal to carpus/tarsus
Stack Bandage: Coverage
coronary band to proximal carpus/tarsus
Thomas-Schroeder Splint: Use
radial + tibial fracture stabalization
Thomas-Schroeder Splint: Appearance
ring with 2 rods
T/F: The head goes Down with the Sound hindlimb.
False
the head goes Down with the Sound FORELIMB
T/F: The hip rises with the lame hind limb.
true
AAEP Lameness: Grading
1 - difficult to observe, inconsistent 2 - observable on circling/incline 3 - consistent at trot 4 - obvious with marked head nod 5 - min. wt bearing
Peroneus Tertius Rupture: Signs
able to extend hock w/o extending stifle
Upward Fixation of the Patella: Signs
stiff hind limb, “robotic” gait
Flexion Tests: Times
distal limb - 30sec
Prox forelimb - 60sec
Prox hind limb - 90sec
T/F: It’s safe to use nerve blocks for every lameness exam.
false
if the horse is too lame, it could lead to catastrophic failure
Lameness Exam: Nerve Block Duration
0.5-2hrs (with lidocaine/carbocaine)
Lameness Exam: PD Nerve Block - Placement
just proximal to bulb of heel, pointing dorsodistally
Lameness Exam: PD Nerve Block - Affects
sole, navicular, soft tissue of heel, coffin joint, distal DDFT
Lameness Exam: Basisesmoid (Abaxial) Nerve Block - Placement
abaxial border of proximal sesamoid bones (palpable nerve bundle)
Lameness Exam: Basisesmoid (Abaxial) Nerve Block - Affects
P2 distal (not fetlock joint)
Lameness Exam: Low 4-Point Block - Placement
between palmar MC3+2/4, between Sesmoidian ligament and DDFT
Lameness Exam: Low 4-Point Block - Affects
L/M palmar n. + palmar metacarpal n.
fetlock joint distal
Lameness Exam: High 4-Point Nerve Block - Placement
below carpus in groove between suspenrosy and DDFT
Lameness Exam: High 4-Point Nerve Block - Affects
suspensory ligament, distal flexor tendons, distal MC3+4
Lameness Exam: Lateral Palmar Nerve Block - Placement
distal 3rd of acc. carpal bone groove pointing mediolaterally
T/F: Intra-articular blocks do not effect structures outside the joint.
true
