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Large Animal Surgery > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of making teaser studs?

A

to detect estrus w/o impregnating

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2
Q

What procedures are used to make teaser studs?

A

vasectomy, epididymectomy, penile fixation, prepuce translocation

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3
Q

T/F: You send the excised ductus deferens to histo.

A

true

for legality/papers

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4
Q

What part of the epididymis is removed in an epididymectomy?

A

the tail of the epididymis

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5
Q

Where is the epididymis ligated for an epididymectomy?

A

the body of the epididymis and the ductus deferens

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6
Q

Why are non-entry teasers made?

A

to prevent transfer of venereal dzs

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7
Q

Arthrocentesis: Purpose

A

Dx - lameness, fluid cytology, wound extent

Therapeutic - meds, lavage

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8
Q

Radiocarpal Joint: Landmarks

A

distal medial ridge of the radius

proximal edge of the radiocarpal bone

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9
Q

Midcarpal Joint: Landmarks

A

distal ridge of radiocarpal bone

proximal edge of 3rd carpal bone

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10
Q

Tibiotarsal Joint: Landmark

A

medial malleolus (avoid saphenous vein

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11
Q

T/F: the tibiotarsal and proximal intertarsal joints communicate.

A

True

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12
Q

Tarsometatarsal Joint: Landmark

A

insert proximal to 4th metatarsal

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13
Q

Distal Interphalangeal Joint: Landmark

A

proximal to dorsal coronary band

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14
Q

Metacarpophalangeal Joint: Landmarks

A

flexed palmar metacarpal 3
dorsal border of suspensory ligament
distal border of metacarpal 4
proximal lateral sesamoid bone

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15
Q

Femoropatellar Joint: Landmarks

A

Lateral - caudal to lateral patellar ligament, proximal to lateral tibial condyle
Cranial - troclear groove between patellar ligaments

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16
Q

Reimer Emasculator: Description

A

curved blades, 3rd arm for cutting

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17
Q

Serra Emasculator: Description

A

curved blades

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18
Q

Serra Modified Emasculator: Description

A

curved blades and handles

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19
Q

White Emasculator: Description

A

one thick flat blade, curved handle

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20
Q

Whte Modified Emasculator: Description

A

one flat, one curved blade

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21
Q

Hausmann Emasculator: Description

A

plain emasculator but with one straight arm

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22
Q

Pendulum Scrotum Cx: Closed Technique

A
  1. excise caudal 3rd of scrotum
  2. use gauze to hold and strip cord of CT proximally
  3. ligate cord w/ square knot hand tie
  4. attach mosquito prox. to ligation
  5. use emasculator (wingnut to nut)
  6. inspect stump
  7. stretch incision for proper drainage
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23
Q

Pendulum Scrotum Cx: Open Technique

A
  1. excise caudal 3rd of scrotum
  2. incise vaginal tunic
  3. separate cremaster muscle and spermatic cord
  4. ligate each with square knot hand tie
  5. attach mosquito prox. to ligation
  6. use emasculator (wingnut to nut)
  7. inspect stump
  8. stretch incision for proper drainage
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24
Q

Non-pendulum Scrotum Cx: Closed Technique

A
  1. incise over each testicle
  2. extrude testis
  3. use gauze to strip CT prox.
  4. ligate cord w/ square knot hand tie
  5. attach mosquito prox. to ligation
  6. use emasculator (wingnut to nut)
  7. inspect stump
  8. stretch incision for proper drainage
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25
Q

T/F: The crimp pattern allows for the stretch of tendons

A

true

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26
Q

What type of collagen replaces tendons during repair?

A

type III (which is less elastic)

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27
Q

Tendon Injuries: Types

A

overstrain acute/chronic, percutaneous trauma

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28
Q

Which tendons are most prone to injury?

A

SDF and suspensory ligament

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29
Q

Tendonitis: Signs

A

bowing of palmar contour, swelling, pain, lameness

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30
Q

Tendonitis: Dx

A

lameness exam, U/S, MRI, scintigraphy

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31
Q

What is the order of ligaments from superficial to deep over the palmar metacarpal?

A

SDF, DDF, check ligament, suspensory ligament

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32
Q

T/F: Measuring exact location and length of injury is not necessary with U/S.

A

False

it is necessary

33
Q

Tendonitis: Tx

A

R&R, supportive, immobilization

34
Q

How much of the secondary layer should be exposed above and below the tertiary layer?

A

~1-2 in.

which is then sealed with elastikon (without tension)

35
Q

Sweeny: Definition

A

paralysis of suprascapular nerve

36
Q

Sweeny: Signs

A

atrophy of the scapular muscles

37
Q

Sweeny: Tx

A

decompression sx - remove a piece of the scapula under the nerve

38
Q

Palmar Digital Neurectomy: Indications

A

pain caused by the navicular +/ coffin bone

39
Q

Navicular Syndrom/Dz: Signs

A

bilateral forelimb lameness, worse on one leg, response to hoof testers

40
Q

Navicular Syndrom/Dz: Tx

A

corrective hoof manipulation, anti-inflammatory injection, neurectomy

41
Q

Stringhalt: Appearance

A

hind limb tucked up, exaggerated hindlimb gait

42
Q

Stringhalt: Tx

A

lateral digital extensor tenotomy

43
Q

How long is the coronet to sole time for hoof growth?

A

1yr

44
Q

Where does the hoof grow from?

A

perioplic corium

45
Q

What is the Hoof-Pastern Axis for the front and hind hooves?

A

50; 55

46
Q

T/F: The shoe doesn’t have to be a perfect fit on the horse.

A

False

The shoe should be a perfect fit.

47
Q

Where are nails placed?

A

just lateral to the white line

48
Q

Corrective Shoeing: Coffin Bone Fracture

A

full bar shoe

49
Q

Corrective Shoeing: Navicular Dz

A

rocker-toe shoe w/ elevated heel

50
Q

Corrective Shoeing: Puncture Wounds

A

plate shoe

51
Q

Thrush: Definition

A

degeneration of the frog

52
Q

Thrush: Signs

A

odour, black discharge in sulci of the frog

53
Q

Thrush: Tx

A

clean hoof, copper sulfate

54
Q

Laminitis: Obel Grading

A

1 - no lameness at walk, short gait
2 - stiff gait at walk
3 - reluctant to walk, resists lifting foot
4 - refuses to move, recumbent

55
Q

How many inches of the secondary layer should be visible on either side of the tertiary layer?

A

1in on either end

56
Q

Foot Bandage: Coverage

A

entire hoof and coronary band

57
Q

Distal Limb: Coverage

A

coronary band to just distal to carpus/tarsus

58
Q

Stack Bandage: Coverage

A

coronary band to proximal carpus/tarsus

59
Q

Thomas-Schroeder Splint: Use

A

radial + tibial fracture stabalization

60
Q

Thomas-Schroeder Splint: Appearance

A

ring with 2 rods

61
Q

T/F: The head goes Down with the Sound hindlimb.

A

False

the head goes Down with the Sound FORELIMB

62
Q

T/F: The hip rises with the lame hind limb.

A

true

63
Q

AAEP Lameness: Grading

A 
1 - difficult to observe, inconsistent
2 - observable on circling/incline
3 - consistent at trot
4 - obvious with marked head nod
5 - min. wt bearing
64
Q

Peroneus Tertius Rupture: Signs

A

able to extend hock w/o extending stifle

65
Q

Upward Fixation of the Patella: Signs

A

stiff hind limb, “robotic” gait

66
Q

Flexion Tests: Times

A

distal limb - 30sec
Prox forelimb - 60sec
Prox hind limb - 90sec

67
Q

T/F: It’s safe to use nerve blocks for every lameness exam.

A

false

if the horse is too lame, it could lead to catastrophic failure

68
Q

Lameness Exam: Nerve Block Duration

A

0.5-2hrs (with lidocaine/carbocaine)

69
Q

Lameness Exam: PD Nerve Block - Placement

A

just proximal to bulb of heel, pointing dorsodistally

70
Q

Lameness Exam: PD Nerve Block - Affects

A

sole, navicular, soft tissue of heel, coffin joint, distal DDFT

71
Q

Lameness Exam: Basisesmoid (Abaxial) Nerve Block - Placement

A

abaxial border of proximal sesamoid bones (palpable nerve bundle)

72
Q

Lameness Exam: Basisesmoid (Abaxial) Nerve Block - Affects

A

P2 distal (not fetlock joint)

73
Q

Lameness Exam: Low 4-Point Block - Placement

A

between palmar MC3+2/4, between Sesmoidian ligament and DDFT

74
Q

Lameness Exam: Low 4-Point Block - Affects

A

L/M palmar n. + palmar metacarpal n.

fetlock joint distal

75
Q

Lameness Exam: High 4-Point Nerve Block - Placement

A

below carpus in groove between suspenrosy and DDFT

76
Q

Lameness Exam: High 4-Point Nerve Block - Affects

A

suspensory ligament, distal flexor tendons, distal MC3+4

77
Q

Lameness Exam: Lateral Palmar Nerve Block - Placement

A

distal 3rd of acc. carpal bone groove pointing mediolaterally

78
Q

T/F: Intra-articular blocks do not effect structures outside the joint.

A

true

Large Animal Surgery (3 decks)

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