Final Exam

Question 1

Describe Personality

Answer 1

a characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and behaving that is unique to each individual and relatively consistent over time and situations

Question 2

______ is creating detailed descriptions of a specific person’s unique personality

Answer 2

Idiographic approach

Question 3

Nomothetic approach

Answer 3

personality in large groups of people with the aim of making generalizations about personality structure

Question 4

Factor analysis

Answer 4

used to group items that people respond to similarly

Question 5

five factor model of personality

Answer 5

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism

Question 6

explain the barnum effect

Answer 6

giving people the same personality description and them agreeing to it, like horoscopes

Question 7

someone high in openness is

Answer 7

open to new things, creative, and open to new perspectives

Question 8

someone low in openness is

Answer 8

not open to new things, opinions or experiences and like familiarity

Question 9

someone high in conscientiousness is

Answer 9

organized, self disciplined and goal oriented

Question 10

someone low in conscientiousness is

Answer 10

easy going, fun to hang out with and disorganized

Question 11

someone high in extraversion is

Answer 11

sociable, sensation seekers and comfortable with stimulating environments

Question 12

someone low in extraversion is

Answer 12

quiet, likes social contact but also likes to be alone, overwhelmed by highly stimulating environments

Question 13

someone high in agreeableness is

Answer 13

warm, friendly, easy to like, empathetic, avoids contact

Question 14

someone low in agreeableness is

Answer 14

selfish, likes to assert their opinions, disregards other’s needs

Question 15

someone high in neuroticism is

Answer 15

difficult to deal with, emotionally sensitive

Question 16

someone low in neuroticism is

Answer 16

mentally healthy, secure and confident

Question 17

Describe an authoritarian person

Answer 17

rigid, thinks of the world as “us” and “them”, believes they are superior, likes rules that work for them

Question 18

Honest-Humility was added to the Five Factor Model, describe someone scoring high and low on this scale

Answer 18

High: honest, sincere and faithful
Low: selfish, anti-social and materialistic

Question 19

Describe the three traits of the Dark Triad

Answer 19

1. Machiavellianism: use people, manipulative, high self interest
2. Psychopathy: shallow emotional responses
3. Narcissism: egotistical preoccupation with self image and importance

Question 20

Right Wing Authoritarianism

Answer 20

highly problematic set of personality characteristics that involve 3 key tendencies

1. obeying orders
2. Supporting aggression against those who differ from the social order
3. believing strongly in maintaining the existing social order

No grey area, only black and white

Question 21

_____, a temporary physical or psychological engagement that influences behaviour

Answer 21

State

Question 22

Name the 4 general aspects of situations that Saucier and his colleagues came up with that would influence our behaviour

Answer 22

1. locations
2. associations
3. activities
4. subjective states

Question 23

Behavioural, internal factors and external factors that interact to determine one another and that our personalities are based on interactions among those aspects

Answer 23

Reciprocal Determinism

Question 24

Describe humorism

Answer 24

explaining both physical and disorders of the personality resulting from imbalances in the key fluids of the body such as blood, phlegm, black and yellow bile

Question 25

an outdated theory developed by Franz Gall that connects personality with skull measurements

Answer 25

phrenology

Question 26

96% of psychological studies have been conducted on

Answer 26

WEIRD countries

Question 27

Identical twins raised in separate households still are

Answer 27

similar in personality suggesting that genes play a role

Question 28

Too much black bile resulted in

Answer 28

melancholy and irritability

Question 29

Too much black bile resulted in

Answer 29

hot temperedness and anger

Question 30

Hans Eysenck developed the Arousal Theory of Extraversion arguing that

Answer 30

extraversion is determined by people’s threshold for arousal

Question 31

Hans Eysenck said people high in…..

Answer 31

Extraversion had a higher threshold for arousal

Question 32

What system plays a central role in controlling arousal response?

Answer 32

Ascending reticular activating system

Question 33

Instead of it being the level or arousal of the ARAS it was the _____ level that differentiated between introverts and extroverts

Answer 33

reactivity

Question 34

brain size:

People high in extraversion have

Answer 34

larger medial orbiofrontal cortex (processes rewards) and less activity in the amygdala (processes danger and fear)

Question 35

Brain Size:

People low in neuroticism have a

Answer 35

smaller dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (controlling emotions) and a smaller hippocampus (controls negative thinking)

Question 36

People high in agreeableness have

Answer 36

less brain volume in left superior temporal sulcus (Interpreting actions) and higher volume in posterior cingulate cortex (empathy)

Question 37

People high in conscientiousness

Answer 37

more volume in middle frontal gyrus and left prefrontal cortex which are involved in working memory and carrying out planned actions

Question 38

people high in openness

Answer 38

have greater activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (creativity & Intelligence and integration into situations)