Final Exam Flashcards
The 5 Biblical Covenants
- Protoevangelium
- Abrahamic
- Mosaic; Davidic
- New Covenant
Protoevangelium
Genesis 3:15
Abrahamic Covenant
Genesis 12,15,17 (2100/2000 BC)
Mosaic Covenant
Exodus 20 (1450 BC)
Davidic Covenant
2 Samuel 7 (1000 BC)
New Covenant
Jeremiah 31:31-34 (586 BC)
hozeh and ro’eh
seer; visions seen by prophet
nabi’
more common; someone who calls or has been called
Early Prophets
- Moses, Samuel
- Gad, Nathan, Micaiah
- Elija and Elisha
What Prophets Are
- devoted servants of Yahweh
- called to service by Yahweh
- forth tellers/proclaimers of Yahweh’s message
- fortellers - visions of the future
What Prophets Aren’t
- hysterical babblers
- fortune tellers
- religious fanatics
Organizing principles of Major/Minor Prophets
length and chronological
Major Prophets
Isaiah -Daniel
Minor Prophets
“Book of the 12”; Hosea - Malachi
Differences btwn Ancient Near East Prophets
+Biblically addressed whole nation
+focused on right living and attitude
+contained moral importance
+reaching implications of pple’s actions
2 Classes of Prophetic Oracles
+“Thus says the LORD”
+Oracles of judgment and salvation
Variety of Prophetic Oracles
+allegories
+Proverbs
+Lamentations
+prayers
2 types of composition of Prophetic Lit
+Personal authorship - written by author
+scribal authorship - written by someone else amanuensis
amanuensis
transcribers; Jeremiah had one (Baruch)
Basic Pattern (Major themes) of Prophetic Lit
sin > judgment > salvation
Sin
+God’s law is background
+Prophets commentate pple’s un/faithfulness
+recurring issues: idolatry and injustice
+call to repent
Judgment
Nineveh only positive example of repentance; “Day of the Lord”
Day of the Lord
+immediate - destruction of Jerusalem
+future - eschatology - end of human history
3 aspects of the Day of the Lord
+judgment of unbelievers
+cleansing of God’s pple
+salvation of God’s pple
Aspects of Salvation theme
=God’s presence/Temple
=Messiah, Triumphant King
=New Covenant
=Salvation for the nations
New Covenant
New hearts; Jer 31:31-34; Ezek 36:22-28
Isaiah
“Yahweh Saves” like Joshua and Jesus
Span of Isaiah
- Uzziah’s reign starting in 790 BC
- Hezekiah dies in 687 BC
Isaiah’s Calling
in year of King Uzziah’s death (740 BC)
Ending of Isaiah
recorded at death of Sennacherib (681 BC)
Crisis of the 8th century
- Syro-Ephraimite War
- fall of Samaria to Assyria
- siege of Jerusalem by Sennacherib of Assyria
Outline of Isaiah
- Intro (1-6)
- Assyrian context (7-39)
- Projected Oracles to Exiles (40-55)
- Projected Oracles to Post Exilic situation (56-66)
Purpose of Isaiah
- encourage Jews to place trust in the Lord
- announce God’s plan of grace and glory for His rebellious pple and world
Themes of Isaiah
- judgment and hope
- incomparability of God
- Messiah - Servant
Isaiah: Anticipation of the Gospel
- Isaiah called 5th Gospel
- predicts virgin birth
- predicts John the Baptist
- Messiah as Suffering Servant
- God’s saving purpose for all Nations
Jeremiah the Prophet
+called @ young age
+didn’t feel qualified like Moses
+“weeping prophet”
Why is Jeremiah the Weeping Prophet
+sad message for the pple
+his difficult task led to his weeping
audience of Jeremiah
Judah and nations
Jeremiah the Book
+longest book by words
+Oracles of judgment and salvation for Judah
+Book of Comfort (30-33)
+70 year exile
Outline of Jeremiah
+Prologue: God’s call (1)
+Book of Doom (2-29)
+Book of Comfort (30-33)
+siege and fall of Jerusalem (34-45)
+prophecies of God’s judgment against nations (46-51)
+Epilogue: destruction of Jerusalem and Judah’s exile (52)
Themes of Jeremiah
+truth, justice, and righteousness
+problem: hard hearts
+solution : new hearts
Jeremiah: Anticipation of the Gospel
+fulfilment of New Covenant announced @ Last Supper
+New Covenant would lead to new hearts and forgiveness
+new hearts of believer would war against flesh
+war not won until believer is fully conformed to Christ’s image
Lamentations author
=traditionally Jeremiah
=technically anonymous
audience of Lamentations
=those exiled by Babylonians
=relevant to readers of every time
Lamentations genre/form
lament; elegy
elegy
poem written on occasion of death of famous person or someone known personally to poet
5 chapters of of Lamentations
4 acrostic, 1 not ; chapter 3 is triple acrostic
purpose of acrostic form
=signify completeness
=impose order on grief to try and master it
reason for Lamentations 5 being non acrostic
Israel’s incomplete restoration
how is Lamentations like Job
raises a cry for mercy w/in circumstance of grief
how is Lamentations different from Job
suffering as deserved result from sin
Outline of Lamentations
=Jerusalem in desolation =Divine judgment against Jerusalem =From sorrow to hope =desolation brought by Judah's sin =cry for mercy
Themes of Lamentations
=God as a warrior against sinful pple
=hope in the midst of judgment
Hosea
~pre exilic prophet to Northern Kingdom prior to its overthrow by Assyrians
~”Yahweh Saves “
Hosea the Book
~Beginning: marries adulterous Gomer, reflects Israel’s relationship w/ God
~Ending: call for wisdom and understanding of his words
Hosea’s kids
~Jezreel - (m)God will sow
~Lo-Ruhamah - (f)No Mercy
~Lo-Ammi - (m)Not My Pple
Outline of Hosea
~Hosea marries and returns to adulterous wife (1-3)
~Israel and Judah’s present sin (4:1-9:9)
~Israel and Judah’s past sin (9:10-14:9)
Hosea key theme
Spiritual adultery : idolatry paralleled w/ adultery
Hosea
~pre exilic prophet to Northern Kingdom prior to its overthrow by Assyrians
~”Yahweh Saves “
Hosea the Book
~Beginning: marries adulterous Gomer, reflects Israel’s relationship w/ God
~Ending: call for wisdom and understanding of his words
Hosea’s kids
~Jezreel - (m)God will sow
~Lo-Ruhamah - (f)No Mercy
~Lo-Ammi - (m)Not My Pple
Outline of Hosea
~Hosea marries and returns to adulterous wife (1-3)
~Israel and Judah’s present sin (4:1-9:9)
~Israel and Judah’s past sin (9:10-14:9)
Hosea key theme
Spiritual adultery : idolatry paralleled w/ adultery
Hosea: Anticipation of the Gospel
~marriage metaphor applies to Christ and Church
~echo of Davidic Covenant (3:4-5)
Anticipation of the Gospel
~marriage metaphor applies to Christ and Church
~echo of Davidic Covenant (3:4-5)
