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Community Nutrition > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Two tenets of NSLP that schools must follow to participate

A

(1) provide reduced cost and free lunches to low income kids

2) follow certain nutrition guidelines (used to be meet 1/3 of RDAs

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2
Q

Who will government provide NSLP for

A 
Public schools
Private nonprofit schools
Residential child care facilities
Religious schools ok
Elementary through high school - not preschool/college
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3
Q

Financial qualifications for free and reduced lunches

A

Free: less than or equal to 130% of poverty

Reduced: less than or equal to 185% of poverty

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4
Q

Which lunches do schools get reimbursed for

A

Free
Reduced
Full price too

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5
Q

What can schools charge for reduced and full price lunches

A

Reduced - difference between reimbursement rates for free and reduced (40 cents right now)

Full - whatever they want - but schools cannot make a profit from NSLP. Must be nonprofit.

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6
Q

Other monies/items schools can get through NSLP

A
  • Additional 6 cents per meal if they come into compliance with the new nutrition standards
  • Additional 2 cents per meal if the school has > 60% free and reduced lunch kids
  • 23.25 cents of commodity foods for every meal served
  • Bonus foods that USDA has a surplus of
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7
Q

Evolution of NSLP nutrition standards

A
  • Type A lunch - same for all age kids
  • outcry for flexibility - changed to 1/3 of RDAs for selected nutrients (vit A, vit C, niacin, riboflavin, calcium) and less than 30% of cal from fat, less than or equal to 10% of cal from saturated fat, sodium ignored due to use of processed foods
  • now back to meal patterns, specifying fruit and veg per week and colors of veg, different for different grades, sodium limits by 2023
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8
Q

Competitive foods

A

Any food sold in the school in competition with NSLP from midnight to a few hours after school ends

USDA now has to regulate competitive foods - regs were out for comment but not finalized yet

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9
Q

Foods with minimal nutritional value

A

Part of competitive food category that USDA has always been able to regulate in cafeteria during lunch period

Are foods that don’t contain more than 5% of any nutrient - very limited definition - includes soda, lifesavers, jelly beans, gum drops

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10
Q

Wellness committee

A

Made up of parents, community, administration and come up with rules for the school food

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11
Q

Department of Defense Produce Program

A

DoD negotiates with farmers and gets the best pricing for fresh produce. Schools can take advantage of the pricing and purchase through DoD.

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12
Q

After School Snack Program - requirements

A

Part of NSLP, same age requirements

  • have to meet nutritional guidelines
  • reimbursement rates are different
  • if >= 50% are free or reduced, then everyone is free
  • required to serve 2 of the 4 food groups (milk/meat or meat alt/fruit and veg/grain)
  • kids have to be enrolled, must be enrichment program, must be supervised
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13
Q

What is the largest and second largest food program

A

SNAP is largest

NSLP is second largest

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14
Q

School Breakfast Program - administered and goal

A

Administered separately from NSLP

  • goal is to provide 1/4 of RDA
  • have to meet dietary guidelines and school can get 6 cents for compliance
  • if > 40% are free and reduced can get an extra 30 cents
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15
Q

Breakfast After the Bell

A

For elementary schools in CO, if >= 80% free and reduced, the school is required to provide the school breakfast program and required to do it after school starts either:

1) during first period in the classroom
2) carts as students come into school
3) after 1st period in the cafeteria
- next year lowered to 70% free and reduced

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16
Q

Summer Food Service Program

A
  • mission is to provide low income kids with food during the summer
  • has to be formed in low income areas but anyone can participate
  • all meals are free if at least 50% are free and reduced in the area
  • 0-18 yrs, migrants, disabled
  • sponsor can be school or other program
  • camps can do it but only the free and reduced kids can get the meals
  • can provide up to 2 meals per day
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17
Q

Special Milk Program

A
  • for schools that don’t operate NSLP
  • school gets 20.25 cents for each half pint of milk, and if would qualify for free lunch school gets reimbursed for full cost of milk
  • must be run as nonprofit
  • milk can be 1%, nonfat or flavored
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18
Q

Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program

A

Provides fresh produce to low income schools

  • produce cannot be used in breakfast, lunch, or snack program
  • provide $50-75 per student/yr
  • can use DoD fresh fruit and veg program to purchase
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19
Q

CACFP

A

Child and Adult Care Food Program

- provides 2 meals and a snack or 1 meal and 2 snacks

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20
Q

Places that could run CACFP

A 
Child care centers
Daycare homes
Emergency shelters 
At risk after school care centers
Adult daycare centers
  • nonprofit or gov agency, but also private for-profit if 25% free and reduced (then just for those people)
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21
Q

What gov has done to avoid fraud in CACFP

A

Daycare homes must have a sponsor who is registered with the state agency, the day are homes apply to the sponsor, and the sponsor is responsible for monitoring and providing nutrition education

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22
Q

Ages for Head Start and Early Head Start

A

Head Start: 3-5 yrs

Early Head Start: 0-3 yrs

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23
Q

4 components of Head Start

A

1) Education to help grow intellectually, socially, emotionally
2) health - well checks, eye exams, ear exams, nutrition
3) parental involvement
4) social services

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24
Q

Who runs the individual Head Start programs

A

Head Start Councils made up of parents and grandparents of the kids - they approve hiring and budgets

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25
Q

Eligibility for Head Start

A

Must be less than 100% of poverty level, and 10% of funding must go to kids in emergency situations, and another 10% to kids with disabilities

Adjunctive eligibility through SSI or TANF

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26
Q

How Head Start funded

A

Federal money, but States are required to provide a 20% match which can be in kind (building, teachers)

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27
Q

Head Start class size limit

A

10 students

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28
Q

Head Start teacher qualifications

A

Do not have to be certified teachers

Need an associates degree and have taken 6 classes in early childhood education

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29
Q

Which fed department runs Head Start

A

DHHS

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30
Q

“Head start fade”

A

Kids with Head Start do better through first grade, but after that then cannot tell them apart from other kids

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31
Q

Criticisms of Head Start

A
  • DHHS can’t run education programs
  • there is no set curriculum
  • people in charge of each program are political appointees and not qualified
32
Q

Reason NSLP started

A

During WWII the Selective Service was having to reject too many young men due to diseases associated with nutrition

33
Q

History of Commodity Supplemental Food Program (CSFP)

A

Used to be for women, children and elderly, but was only program not comparable wIth WIC and counties had to choose which program to have. In February USDA changed the program to be only for the elderly.

  • CSFP does not exist in all states or in all counties because of this
  • only 5 counties in CO
34
Q

Eligibility for CSFP

A

60 yrs or older

Less than or equal to 130% of poverty

35
Q

How CSFP is run in CO

A

Through Food Bank of the Rockies - food from gov is put in the back of a truck, truck goes to your neighborhood once per month and you can pick up your food once per month and re certify every 6m

36
Q

Food provided by CSFP

A

Shelf stable only

nonfat dried milk
UHT milk
Juice
Farina
Oats
RTF cereals
Rice
Pasta
Dried beans
Peanut butter
Canned meat, fish, poultry, veg, fruit
37
Q

Eligibility for SFMNP

A

65 yrs or older

Less than or equal to 185% of poverty

38
Q

What available through SFMNP

A

Fresh nutritious unprepared locally grown fruit, veg, herbs and honey

39
Q

How SFMNP benefits given

A

Vouchers for $20-50 per year

40
Q

Who runs the Elderly Nutrition Program

A

DHHS, Administration on Aging

41
Q

Components of Elderly Nutrition Program

A

1) congregate sites

2) home delivered meals

42
Q

Eligibility for Elderly Nutrition Program

A

> = 60 yrs
No income requirement but targeted at low-income neighbor hoods

  • spouses, volunteers and the disabled can eat regardless of age
43
Q

Nutrition requirements of Elderly Nutrition Program

A

Must provide 1/3 of RDAs
Must follow dietary guidelines
Must provide therapeutic meals

44
Q

International nutrition now called

A

Global nutrition

45
Q

Population of the world approximate

A

7.2 billion

46
Q

Estimated population in 2050

A

9 billion

47
Q

As countries get richer they want to get their kcal from ______________ and not from ____________

A

Milk, meat, eggs

Rice, wheat, corn

48
Q

Population by country, largest

A

China
India
US
Indonesia

49
Q

Fertility rate needed to keep the population steady

A

2.1

50
Q

Megacities

A

Cities with more than 10 million people

51
Q

How many megacities are there, and what percent of the population lives in them?

A

28 megacities

10% of world’s population lives there

52
Q

Number of languages in the world, and number with more than 1 million speakers

A

7,100 languages

150-200 have more than 1 million speakers

53
Q

Most common languages spoken in order

A

Mandarin Chinese
Spanish
English
Arabic

54
Q

Extremely poor defined as

A

Live on less than $1.25 per day

55
Q

Poor defined as

A

Live on between $1.25 and $2 per day

56
Q

Demographic transition

A

When countries start to develop, first their death rate drops, then there is a spike in the population, then the birth rate drops causing the population to level out again

57
Q

Three factors that result in lower birth rate

A

1) economy improves
2) death rate drops
3) women become educated

58
Q

By 2050, what will be the population increase, and what will be the increase in food needed, and why

A

By 2050 it is estimated there will be a 35% population increase, and we will need a 100% increase in food.

Because most of the growth will be in developing countries, and food habits will change from rice, wheat and corn to meat, milk and eggs as the countries develop.

59
Q

Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) said

A

Population grows geometrically, and food supply grows arithmatically. Population will surpass food supply and it is inevitable that we will starve.

60
Q

Why didn’t Thomas Malthus’ prediction come true?

A

Green revolution

61
Q

How many people in the world are undernourished

A

805 million

62
Q

Where do most hungry people live

A

Southeast Asia and sub-Sahara Africa

63
Q

What is the goal kcal per person to have enough food to feed everyone

A

2400 kcal

64
Q

Is hunger getting worse

A

No - 42% decrease from 1990-92 to 2012-14

65
Q

Double burden of disease

A

Obesity and undernutrition coexist

66
Q

Average life expectancy of world

A

68 yrs

67
Q

New way to designate rich and poor countries

A

Developed (rich) and developing (poor)

Looking at GDP per capita, low (below $1045) and middle ($1045-$12,476) income countries are considered developing per World Bank

68
Q

Richest countries by GDP (indicator of health of a country)

A

US
China
India

69
Q

Fattest in the world

A

American Samoa - 74.6% obese
Kuwait - 42%
US - 33%
Ethiopia - 1.1%

70
Q

Kwashiorkor

A

Protein deficiency - huge belly and edema

71
Q

Marasmus

A

Kcal deficiency - very skinny

72
Q

Most common micronutrient deficiencies

A

1) Iron - apathy, stunted growth and mental development
2) vitamin A - blindness, infections
3) Iodine - goiter, physical and mental retardation, cretinism
4) zinc - stunted growth, immune suppression
5) folic acid - birth defects

73
Q

Why do people not have enough to eat if there is enough food?

A
  • hunger due to poverty and many don’t have enough money to purchase food
  • famines caused by man and exasperated by weather
  • countries (India) exporting rice and wheat when people are starving - gov purchased but corruption stopped poor from getting it
74
Q

Green revolution

A

Scientists breeding plants traditionally for better yields - made more food but we became dependant on irrigation, fertilizer, pesticides

75
Q

Plumpy nut

A

Product created by developing countries that has had a huge impact on malnourished kids - not for chronic feeding but given to help malnutrition

Community Nutrition (4 decks)

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