Exam 2 Flashcards
Farm bill comes up for renewal
Every 5 years
Majority of mandatory spending and percent
Social security and Medicare - 65%
Largest part of the farm bill
SNAP
Effect of farm bill on nutrition
Creates budget and reauthorizes food programs (SNAP, WIC, TEFAP) and when comes up to pass allows Congress to tinker with them
Commodities def
Wheat corn rice cotton sugar. Crops that if you combine them you cannot pick them apart
Specialty def
Fruits, vegetables, nuts. Foods that theoretically would look different if combined.
Crop subsidies
Payment to farmers to grow commodity crops or sometimes not to grow them
Crop insurance
Farmers go to insurance company and can get insurance that will pay them a certain price for their crop. If crop sells for less the farmers get the guaranteed price. If it sells for more the farmers get the profits. For any kind of crop but only commodities have the price history acceptable to the insurance companies. Government pays 72% of the cost.
Vital statistics
Statistics about life events - birth, death and marriage
Walkabout
When you are doing a CNA you go around the neighborhood and talk to the people there about issues
GIS
Geographic information system - information from different electronic public info sources that are put together on a map
Things that affect what we eat and nutrition status
Accessibility, price, storage, preparation, culture, age, education level, allergies/health issues, religion, knowledge, social environment, vanity, lifestyle factors, individual factors, environment, living/working conditions
Self efficacy
Your belief that you can make a change that will work
Cognitions
Knowledge and awareness people have of their environment and what they choose to do with the knowledge/awareness
Attitudes
Your negative or positive feelings about something
Survey
Systematic study of a cross-section of individuals
3 components of health risk appraisals
1) questionnaire
2) scoring device
3) educational piece
Screening
What is done in public health - screen and refer instead of diagnose and treat
Focus group
Typically 5-12 people with a leader who should be trained
ABCDs of nutrition assessment
Anthropometrics - weight, height, waist circ
Biomedical - labs
Clinical - subjective judgment
Dietary - 24 hr recall, FFQ, food records, diet hist
Health halo bias
Once a food is categorized as “healthy” you eat more of it
Focus group break point to get people to come
$50
Sensitivity
No false negatives - want to find everyone that has the condition - ok with some false positives
In public health want tests with really good sensitivity then send them to a doctor to weed out false positives
Tests with high sensitivity tend to be inexpensive
Specificity
Rule out false positives
Tests with high specificity tend to be very expensive
Public health’s job vs medicine’s job
Public health screens and refers while medicine treats and diagnoses
Reliability
The ability to keep getting the same answer off the same sample
Validity
Does your test actually tell you what you think your test tells you - are you measuring what you think you are measuring?
Steps to planning a program
1) review CNA
2) define program goals and objectives
3) develop a program plan
- design intervention
- design the nutrition educ component
- design marketing plan
4) develop a management plan
5) find funding resources
6) implement program
7) evaluate program
Creating a program - very first thing before formal process
Review your mission statement
3 kinds of objectives
1) outcome objectives
2) process objectives
3) structure objectives
Outcome objectives
Changes that occur in people’s health that we can measure
Eg, increase breastfeeding
Process objectives
Things we are doing to meet the outcome objectives
Eg, people will receive breastfeeding education every time they come in the door
Structure objectives
About how we do business
Eg, staff to client ratio will be 15:1000
Levels of interventions
Level 1 - Education
Level 2 - try to change behavior (usually 1:1 or small group) - someone is interacting with you
Level 3 - building a supportive environment and making it easier to change
For interventions - education alone
Usually does very little but is important for a foundation - need education so people will accept Level 3.
People get mad at Level 3 if they don’t understand - need legitimacy
What you need for the education component of interventions
Lecturing does not work
Need a written plan
- must be short
- 3-4 principle topics
- must be active
- must be interestingTag line
Something that would stick in people’s minds to reinforce what you teach
Purpose of marketing plan
To draw people in to your intervention
If intervention not attended, who’s fault and what should you do?
Your fault because bad marketing plan - you didn’t make it interesting enough
Need to reevaluate and think what else you have to do
Why make a management plan?
Because people will go towards entropy unless they are forced to do something else. Will take shortcuts, etc.
4 types of change
1) cognitive (change in knowledge)
2) action (do it once)
3) behavior (do it repetitive)
4) value (shift in your actual values)
Biggest maker of PSAs
Ad Council
Types of evaluations for an intervention
- Formative - as you are creating program - start small before rolling it out - eg, pilot program
- Process - did they do the process?
- Impact - did you meet the goals?
- Outcome - are you making people healthier?
- Structure - about how you do business
- Fiscal - auditing books, is program running properly?
What you need when you publish the results of an intervention (should always publish)
Front cover Summary Background info Description of evaluation Results Discussion Conclusion and recommendations
