final exam Flashcards
1
Q
list the asexual and sexual spores of fungi and given an example of an organism which exhibits each type
A
asexual: arthrospores, blastospores, chlamydospores
sexual: ascospore, basidiospores, zygospore
2
Q
thick-walled, broad-based yeast
A
blastomyces dermatiditis
3
Q
spherules filled with endospores
A
coccidioides imitis
4
Q
thick-walled barrel shaped arthrospores
A
coccidioides imitis
5
Q
spiny tuberculate macroconidia
A
histoplasma capsulatum
6
Q
brown sclerotic bodies
A
chromomycoses dematiaceous fungi
7
Q
thick-walled spindle shaped macroconidia
A
microsporum canis
8
Q
colony has a red reverse
A
trichophyton rubrum
9
Q
thin-walled club-shaped macroconidia in clusters
A
epidermophyton
10
Q
produces germ tube
A
candida albicans
11
Q
causes epidemic scalp ringworm
A
trichophyton tonsurans
12
Q
broad, non-septate hyphae in tissue
A
mucor or rhizopus
13
Q
brown, gritty deposits in sputum
A
aspergillus
14
Q
multiple buds in tissue
A
paracoccidioides
15
Q
causes phycomycoses
A
mucor or rhizopus
16
Q
species of rickettsia, mode of transportation, and disease caused for test
A
rocky mountain spotted fever (RMSF)
deer tick
rickettsia rickettsii
17
Q
how do rickettsia differ from chlamydia?
A
rickettsia need an arthropod vector
18
Q
what diseases are caused by chlamydia and how are they spread?
A
psittacosis-aerosol
NGU- sexually
19
Q
burkitt’s lymphoma
A
epstein-barr
20
Q
infectious mononucleosis
A
epstein-barr
21
Q
large, red intranuclear inclusions
A
cytomegalovirus
22
Q
negri bodies
A
rabies
23
Q
shingles
A
varicella zoster
24
Q
definitive host
A
host in which sexual stage of life cycle occurs
25
intermediate host
host in which asexual stage of life cycle occurs; larval stage
26
what are the four classes of protozoa and their motility?
sarcodina- pseudopods
ciliata- cilia
mastigophora- flagella
sporozoa- non motile
27
sluggish, random motility
entamoeba coli
28
fine, even peripheral chromatin
entamoeba histolytica
29
oval cyst has large, blot-like karyosome
endolimax nana
30
large glycogen vacuole stains deeply with iodine
iodamoeba butschlii
31
lacks a cyst form
DF, TV, EG
32
troph is bilaterally symmetrical
giardia lamblia
33
pear shaped troph with jerky motility
trichomonas vaginalis
34
cst is lemon shaped with "nipple" on end
chilomastix mesnili
35
how are most protozoan diseases transmitted
fecal oral route ingesting the cyst
36
what morphological form of the blood and tissue flagellates is intracellular?
LD body or leishmanial forms
37
which species exist in this form in human cells?
all leishmania and trypanosoma cruzii
38
trypanosoma gambiense
tsetse fly
| west african sleeping sickness
39
trypanosoma cruzi
kissing/reduvid bug
visceral leishmaniasis
chagas disease
40
t. modesiense
east african sleeping sickness
| tsetse fly
41
leishmania donovani
kalaazar
| sand fly
42
leishmania braziliensis
espundia
| sand fly
43
leishmania tropica
oriental sore / baghdad boils
| sand fly
44
describe the principle and interpretation of the sabin-feldman dye test
in a positive test, toxoplasma gondii will not take up the dye. in absence of the antibodies it will stain blue
45
what is the first intermediate host of all human flukes?
snails
46
sheep liver fluke
fasciola hepatica
47
largest fluke found in man
fasciolopsis buski
48
ova often confused with Diphyllobothrium latum
paragonimus westermani
49
egg has prominent shoulders and resembles a light bulb
chlonorchis siensis
50
bladder fluke associated with bladder cancer
schistosoma hematobium
51
ova can appear in the stool or sputum
paragonimus westermani
52
hydatid cyst
larval stage of echinococcus granulosis
| tapeworm larvea large bladder filled cyst
53
proglottid
individual segments of a tapeworm
54
neck
narrowest part of the tapeworm, located just behind the scolex
55
rostellum
fleshy extension of scolex that has 1 or 2 rows of hooks
56
scolex
head of a tapeworm may have suckers (4) bothria (2) or hooks; organ for attachment
57
strobila
general term for entire tapeworm
58
diphyllobothrium latum
definitive host : man
intermediate host: freshwater fish
diagnostic stage: egg
infective stage: plerocercoid
59
taenia saginata
definitive host: man
intermediate host: cow
diagnostic stage: egg
infective stage: cysticercus bovis
60
taenia solium
definitive host: man
intermediate host: pig
diagnostic stage: egg
infective stage: cysticercus cellulosae
61
hymenolepsis nana; dwarf tapeworm
definitive host: man
intermediate host: non
diagnostic stage: egg
infective stage: fully embryonated egg
62
hymenolesis dimunata
definitive host: man
intermediate host: grain beetle, flea
diagnostic stage: egg
infective stage: cystercoid
63
echinoccus granulosus
definitive host: canines
intermediate host: sheep
diagnostic stage: hydatid cyst which is found in man
infective stage: egg
64
how can taenia saginata and teania solium be differentiated?
eggs are indistinguishable
saginata has more branches in proglottid
man can be infected by solium eggs
differentiated by scolex solium has "soul patch"
65
how can hymenolepsis nana and dimunata be differentiated?
H. dimunata eggs are larger and have no polar filaments
66
what are spicules?
associated in nematode with ejaculating duct-necessary for reproduction
67
how does the life cycle of nematodes differ from that or trematodes?
nematodes have a more simple life cycle, 1 host and external environment and can alternate between free living and parasitic
trematodes have at least 1 if not 2 intermediate hosts
68
ascaris lumbricoides
```
definitive host: man
intermediate host: none
diagnostic stage: egg
infective stage: embryonated egg
common name: roundworm
```
69
enterobius vermicularis
```
definitive host: man
intermediate host: none
diagnostic stage: egg
infective stage: embryonated egg
common name: pinworm
```
70
necator americanus
```
definitive host: man
intermediate host: none
diagnostic stage: egg
infective stage: filariform larvae
common name: hook worm
```
71
strongyloides stercoralis
```
definitive host: man
intermediate host: none
diagnostic stage: rhadbitiform larvae
infective stage: filariform larvae
common name: threadowrm
```
72
trichinella spiralis
```
definitive host: man
intermediate host: pig
diagnostic stage: encysted larvae
infective stage: encysted larvae in muscle
common name: pork tapeworm
```
73
trichuris trichiuria
```
definitive host: man
intermediate host: none
diagnostic stage: egg
infective stage: embryonated egg
common name: whipworm
```
74
how can the rhabditiform larvae of hookworm and strongyloides be differentiated?
hookworm has the longer buccal cavity
75
how are infection due to these organisms usually acquired?
penetration of skin by filariform larvae
76
in the life cycle of strongyloides, what do the terms autoinfection, direct development, and indirect development refer to?
person infects themselves; like hookworm rhabditiform directly develops into filariform; rhabditiform develops into a free living adults
77
what is visceral larval migrans and what is it caused by?
toxocara canis
78
what is cutaneous larval migrans (or creeping eruption)
ancylostoma braziliense
79
list several species of protozoa or helminthes which can be diagnosed by observation of a stained blood smear
plasmodium, trypanosoma, leishmania, microfilarial larva (brugia)
80
list several distinctive features of filarial worms
presence of nuclei helps to ID larvae born alive
some have sheath derived from eggshell
have periodicity
females give birth to live larvae
81
how do Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia Malaya differ?
both cause elephantiasis and live in lymphatic system
brugia has a much higher number of microfilaria in the blood stream
bancrofti is sheathed malaya is not
malaya has more microfilarial larvae
82
brugia malaya
intermediate host: mosquito
specimen needed for diagnosis: blood
disease caused: elephantiasis
diagnostic stage: microfilaria
83
dracunculus medinnesis guniae worm
intermediate host: cyclops/copepod
specimen needed for dx: skin
disease caused: draunculosis
diagnostic stage: rhabditiform larvae
84
loa loa
intermediate host: chrysops fly (deer fly)
specimen needed for dx: blood
disease caused: loiasis (severe eye disease)
diagnostic stage: microfilaria
85
onchocerca volvulus
intermediate host: simulium fly (black fly)
specimen needed for dx: skin
disease caused: river blindness
diagnostic stage: microfilaria
86
wuchereria bancrofti
intermediate host: mosquito
specimen needed for dx: blood
disease caused: elephantaisis
diagnostic stage: microfilaria
87
if an ova and parasite exam can not be preformed right away what procedure should be followed?
perform quick macro and micro exam add preservative and refrigerate within 30 minutes
88
what preservative is usually used for trichrome stain?
PVA
89
what is the main use of a permanent stained smear?
to see protozoan cysts and trophs
90
list the 2 major concentration procedures and the principle of each
formalin ether- sedimentation
| zinc sulfate- flotation
91
what is the specific gravity of the solution employed in the flotation method?
1.18
92
if negative results were obtained using the zinc sulfate method, what would be the best course to follow if the doctor still felt the patient had a parsasitic disease?
repeat using formalin ether
93
what parasite often causes pneumonitis in children?
ascaris
94
in which 2 parasitic infections is autoinfection most common?
pinworm, strongyloides
95
list several species of parasites which can be transmitted by contaminated drinking water
E. histolytica, all schistosomes
NOT HOOKWORMS
96
list several environmental or climatic factors which are important in the spread and/or prevention of parasitic infections
temp, sand, soil, controlling insect population, water filtration
97
bilhariasis
any schistosome
98
blackwater fever
plasmodium falciparum
99
guinea worm
dracunculus medinesis
100
thread worm
strongyloides stercoralis
101
eye worm
loa loa
102
whip worm
trichuris trichiura
103
P. falciparum
split ring forms
104
P. ovale
oval, irregular fimbriated RBC
105
P. malariae
9 merozoites
106
P. vivax
RBCs enlarged, infects retics, schufners granules
107
schistosoma species
intermediate host:
common name: blood fluke
infective stage: penetration of hosts skin by circaria
108
clonorchis siensis:
common name: chinese liver fluke
intermediate host: fish
infective stage: eating infected fish
109
fasciolopsis buski
common name: intestinal fluke
intermediate host: water plants
infective stage: eating infected water plants (watercress)
110
paragonimus westermani
common name: lung fluke
intermediate hosts: snails
infective stage: eating infected freshwater crustaceans
