Final exam Flashcards
Breaking down large molecules into smaller ones (digestion)
Catabolism
Building large molecules such as making proteins (uses energy from catabolism)
Anabolism
Anatomical position
Body erect, feet apart, palms facing forward, thumbs point away from body
All chemical processes in the body
Metabolism
Divides the body into right and left planes
Sagittal
Divides body into front or back
Frontal or coronal
Divides body into top and bottom
Transverse
Diagonal planes
Oblique
Sagittal plane that lies on the midline
Midsagittal or median
Toward the head and or upper part of a structure of body; above
Superior (cranial)
Away from the head and or toward the lower part of a structure of the body; below
Inferior (caudal)
Toward or at the front of the body; in front of
Ventral (anterior)
Toward or at the back of the body; behind
Dorsal (posterior)
Toward the midline or at the midline of the body; on the outer side of
Medial
Away from the midline if the body; on the outer side of
Lateral
Between a more medial and a more lateral structure
Intermediate
Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of s limb to the body trunk
Proximal
Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Distal
Toward or at the body surface
Superficial (external)
Away from the body surface, more internal
Deep (internal)
Combines atoms by removing water
Dehydration synthesis
Breaks apart molecules with the addition of water
Hydrolysis
Large molecule formed by many repeating units of s smaller molecule
Polymer
When one end of s molecule has positive charge and the other has a negative charge due to an unequal sharing of electrons, the molecule is ___?
Polar
Polar molecules are ___ “water loving”
Hydrophilic
Nonpolar molecules are _______ “water fearing”
Hydrophobic
Globular proteins that act as biological catalysts
Are chemically specific
Structure determines its function
Extreme temperature or pH can denature the protein
Enzyme
Building blocks of triglycerides
Glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Building blocks of proteins
Polymers made of amino acids
Building blocks of nucleic acids
Polymer made of nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base)
Requires oxygen
Aerobic
Doesn’t require oxygen
Anaerobic
the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
Glycolysis
What is the final electron carrier in cellular respiration?
Oxygen
What’s the difference between active and passive transport?
While active transport requires energy and work, passive transport does not.
Basic function of the nucleus
a dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material.
Basic function nucleolus
Dense area of RNA and protein that makes ribosomes
Basic function of ribosomes
Are particles made of ribosomal RNA and protein
Carry out protein synthesis
Basic function of mitochondria
Rod shaped power house
Main function is the use of oxygen to produce ATP (cellular aerobic respiration)
Basic function of lysosomes
Digest macromolecules
Basic function of Golgi apparatus
Forms lysosomes
the ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and amoeboid protozoans.
Phagocytosis
Transcription
Making of RNA from DNA
Translation
Polypeptide (protein) made from mRNA
Bone is covered by the __________
Periosteum
A dense membrane that is composed of fibrous connective tissue that closely wraps all cartilage except the cartilage in joints.
Perichondrium
Epithelial tissue
Covering and lining; glands
Connective tissue
Protects and supports, binds organs together, stores energy, and provides immunity
Muscle tissue
Movement
Nervous tissue
Transmits impulses that coordinate body activities
Skeletal muscle tissue
Voluntary cells are long multinucleate
striated
Smooth muscle tissue
Involuntary
Short, spindle-shaped single nucleus
nonstraited
Cardiac muscle tissue
Involuntary
Branched single nucleus
strained
Usually connected to hair follicles Holocrine glands Moistens hair and waterproofs skin None in palms or soles Large in neck, face, upper chest
Sebaceous glands
Secrete ear wax
Ceruminous glands
