Final Exam Flashcards
(121 cards)
0
Q
Paul’s importance? (2 reasons)
A
- Approx. wrote 25% or most books of the NT
2. Wrote earliest datable bks. Of NT
1
Q
Paul was born and raised?
A
Born: 1st c. A.D
Where: Tarsus; Roman citizen and a Jew
Raised: Jerusalem in childhood
2
Q
Who was Paul’s teacher and what religious personage was Paul ( before being converted)?
A
Teacher: Gamaliel
Orig.: Zealous Pharisee
3
Q
When was Paul converted/commissioned?
A
Early 30s A.D
4
Q
Before beginning his missionary journeys Paul stayed where for (maybe) 3yrs.?
A
Arabia
5
Q
When and what emperor did Paul die under?
A
AD 64-68 – Nero (who burned Rome in 64, and died in 68)
6
Q
Timeline It:
1) Went with Barnabas to Antioch {Hint: 45 AD}
2 40s AD
3) 48/49 AD
4) 50-52 AD
5) Arrested in Jerusalem after 3rd missionary journey
57-58 AD
6) 59-60 AD
7) 61-62 AD
A
1) Approx 45 AD
2) 1st missionary journey
3) Jerusalem Council (Acts 15)
4) Corinth 2nd missionary journey
5) Arrested in Jerusalem after 3rd missionary journey
6) Arrived in Rome for appeal to Caesar
7) Released from Roman prison
7
Q
How many books of the NT are considered PAUL’S LETTERS/EPISTLES?
A
13
8
Q
Name all the Prison letters
Which were letters written AFTER the missionary journeys, when Paul is imprisoned in Rome
A
Ephesians
Philippians
Colossians
Philemon
9
Q
Name all the Missionary journey letters
{Hint: 6}
A
Galatians (1st Mj)
1 & 2 Thessalonians (2nd Mj)
1 & 2 Corinthians (3rd Mj)
Romans (probably 3rd Mj)
10
Q
When people question whether or not Paul actually wrote the 13 bks. of the NT they are questioning what?
A
Pauline authorship, but all 13 have INTERNAL evidence of Pauline authorship
11
Q
Name all the Pastoral letters
A
1 & 2 Timothy
Titus
12
Q
1 of the 7 Levels of authenticity:
A church leader writes a letter in his own hand
A
Literal Authorship
13
Q
1 of the 7 Levels of authenticity:
A church leader dies, and his disciples who had been authorized to speak for him while he was alive continue to do so by writing a letter in his name years or decades after his death.
A
Apprentice Authorship
14
Q
1 of the 7 Levels of authenticity:
A church leader describes the basic content of an intended letter to a disciple or to an amanuensis, who then writes the letter for the leader to approve and sign
A
Delegated Authorship
15
Q
1 of the 7 Levels of authenticity:
Almost word for word to an amanuensis.
A
Dictation
16
Q
1 of the 7 Levels of authenticity:
A church leader obtains sufficient prominence that either before or after his death, people seek to exploit his legacy by writing a letter in his name, presenting him as a supporter of their own ideas.
A
Forgery
17
Q
1 of the 7 Levels of authenticity:
A church leader dies, and admirers seek to honor him by writing letters in his name as a tribute to his influence and in sincere belief that they are responsible bearers of his tradition.
A
Honorable Pseudepigraphy
18
Q
1 of the 7 levels of authenticity:
A church leader dies, and his disciples finish a letter that he had intended to write, sending it posthumously in his name.
A
Posthumous Authorship
19
Q
The early church declared that for a book to be a part of the NT “canon” it must have:
1)
2)
A
- Consistent message – that is, they must be consistent with other books
- Apostolic origins – that is, they must have been written by an apostle
/a close companion of an apostle
20
Q
Mark was a companion of _____
Luke was a companion of _____
James was a companion of _____
A
A. Peter
B. Paul
C. Brother of Jesus
21
Q
What do all 7 of the undisputed works of Paul have in common?
A
Written during the timeline of Acts/ Paul’s missionary journeys
22
Q
What other NT books’ authors are debated?
A
1 & 2 Peter
Jude
Hebrews
23
Q
Which NT bks. are the 7 “UNDISPUTED” works of Paul?
A
Galatians 1 Thessalonians Philippians Philemon 1 & 2 Corinthians Romans
24
What are the disputed works of Paul?
{Colossians
2 Thessalonians}
*Scholars are evenly divided on Pauline authorship debate
[1-2 Timothy
Titus
Ephesians]
*Scholars think are most likely pseudepigraphic
25
What is the Severe Letter?
| c.f 2 Cor. 2:4 and 2 Cor. 7:8–9
3rd epistle to Corinth
26
What are the 4 "lost works" of Paul?
1st & 3rd epistle to Corinth
An earlier epistle to the Ephesians
The Epistle to the Laodiceans
27
What are the 3 arguments against Pauline authorship?
1. Diffs. in Language, Vocabulary and Style
2. Theological Diffs.
3. Doctrinal/Teaching Diffs.
28
1 out of the 3 arguments against Pauline authorship:
Colossians and Ephesians have long sentences written in the style of a liturgical hymn that is unusual for Paul
Eph. 1:3-14 is one sentence
Can be easily explained by Paul’s use of an amanuensis
(1) Differences in language, vocabulary and style
29
1 out of the 3 arguments against Pauline authorship:
A) Sometimes Paul seems to adopt a REALIZED eschatology, and other times a FUTURE eschatology
B) Differing atonement theories
C) Different teachings regarding the parousia/second
coming
(2) Theological differences
30
1 out of the 3 arguments against Pauline authorship:
Pertain to household codes, and moreover teachings towards women
Where the issue of authorial authenticity is most debated today
c.f. 2 Timothy 2:11-14
(3) Doctrinal/teaching differences
31
How can the argument over the theological Diffs. Of Pauline authorship be resolved?
(Hint there are 3 solutions) is
(1) Paul’s theology evolves, and/or
(2) Paul is speaking in metaphors, not theories, and/or
(3) it could be both/and instead of either/or
33
Which 1 out of the 3 points in theological diffs. Of Pauline authorship is most difficult to explain/resolve?
Different teachings regarding the Parousia/2nd coming
34
What is this book?
The first word of the letter is “Paul”
Few have ever challenged Paul’s authorship; it is an
“undisputed” letter
Paul is more critical of his audience here than in any other letter, and he even calls them foolish
Galations
35
The question of date is related to the question of “which
Galatians?”
A key point: The Jerusalem Council of Acts 15 is never
mentioned
An argument from silence .
DEDUCTION!!!?
The letter/Galatians was probably written around AD 48
36
The Jerusalem Council took place in AD 48/49
| and Paul evangelized
South Galatia in AD 47/48
37
Paul’s letter to the Galatians was likely written to the
| churches he had
est. during his first missionary journey
38
Paul probably wrote the letter from his home church
| in
Antioch in Syria, before the Jerusalem council of
39
Sometime after Paul left (1:6), the churches in Galatia formed during his 1st MJ were infiltrated by teachers with a different message Paul calls them...
who trouble you/those who unsettle you
40
The false teachers convinced the Galatians of a false
| gospel which required them
to be circumcised.
i.e. Jewish Christians were teaching that Gentiles had
to become Jews in order to be Christians
41
Paul argued that these “Judaizers” merely wanted to
| win converts for
their own prestige/approval from the Jewish authorities
42
As a result of the “Judaizers” crisis, there was
division and lack of unity within the Galatian churches
43
Like the rest of the Pauline letters, Galatians follows the
conventions of letter writing in NT times.
WHICH IS?
Salutation, a body, a paraenesis, greetings, and a benediction.
44
Paraenesis
Set of moral exhortations
45
What indicates Paul’s agitation and alarm over the theological situation in Galatia?
No initial thanksgiving
46
The main argument of the epistle (Gal.) is adv. by the use
| of
Autobiography, example, allegory, satiric rebuke, and
| exhortation.
47
```
Galatians is filled with thematic contrasts:
True gospel vs. a _____
Faith vs. ____
Law vs. ____
Liberty vs. _____
Son-ship vs. _____
Fruit of the Spirit vs. ________
```
```
false gospel
works
grace
legalism
slavery
Desires of Flesh
```
48
The whole letter of Gal. revolves around
the crisis
49
Who was Paul's travel companion (mentioned) at the time who was not circumcised?
Titus
| Timothy was in Acts 16, which probably occurred AFTER Gal. was written
50
Paul chastised WHO for hypocrisy
Peter
51
Paul goes all the way back to the promise
| God made to Abraham (Gen. 12) and uses _____/____ from the OT “out of context” with Hagar & Sarah
Type/Typology
52
Fruit of the Spirit
Love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness,
| faithfulness, gentleness, self-control
53
Galatians played a major role within
Protestant Reformation
54
Galatians & Romans Paul emphasizes ___ and ___ but opposes ___ and ___ in ways he does not in other letters
Grace and faith
| Works and law
55
Grace and faith, vs. Works and law A key theme for Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation esp. in his
95 Theses 1517
56
Luther adored Galatians, despised what NT book wanting it removed from canon)
James
57
Protestant movement projected issues with Roman
| Catholic Church onto the ___ bc “works” and sacraments were opposed
Jews
58
What book has Silas/Silvanus & Timothy listed as co-senders
1 Thess
59
1 Thess. was written during Paul’s 18 month stay where during 2nd MSJ
Corinth
60
Trace Paul's 2nd MSJ during the time of 1 Thess.
Thessalonica, Berea, Athens, Corinth
61
What are the occasions for 1 Thess.
| {Hint 4}
1. Friendship/patronage
2. Encouragement regarding persecution
3. PARUOSIA -Most prominent-
(1 Thess. is one of the primary places where Christians go to
discuss the events of the 2nd coming)
4. Division of Labor
62
What explains why Paul presents himself, Silas &
| Timothy as a “team"
People in Thessalonica missed Paul, & disappointed that he
himself had not yet returned to see them
63
In 1 Thess. who reported back to Paul that generally the church community was doing well
Timothy
64
Why were the churches in Thessalonica not doing so well?
1. Some members died
| 2. Mis -understanding/-communication on christ's return, & 2nd coming/afterlife
65
Timothy relayed to Paul a Thessalonian question about the timing of the day of the Lord, which reflected in the church
Impatience/False sense of security in some
66
Paul reassures the Thessalonians that they are destined not for
___ but ___
wrath BUT salvation
67
Break down the: Common Jewish Eschatological Expectation
```
1. This age/time:
Char. by Rebellion,
2. Parousia/Day of the Lord/V-Day
3. Coming age:
Char. by Obedience
```
68
Break down the: NT Eschatology
1. This Age
2. Eschaton (Life, Ministry, Death, Resurrection)
3. Us in between
4. Parousia/V-day
5. Coming Age
69
What was the wealthy port city with pagan idolatry and philosophy.
Home of the biennial Isthmian games
Benefited both militarily/econ from its strategic location at Isthimus
Connected the S. Greek pennisula to the mainland
Corinth
70
Paul’s stay in Corinth during his 2nd MSJ (Acts 18) may have overlapped with WHAT games in either AD 49 or 51.
Which possibly explains Paul’s usage of athletic
metaphors
Biennial Isthmian games
71
When Corinth used to be a powerful Greek city it
Had the Temple of Aphrodite
| Was sex saturated
72
Where was the Temple of Aphrodite located?
Acrocorinth
73
Why was Corinth in ruins for 100yrs?
Greeks resisted Roman takeover in 144 BC, so
| it was destroyed, but later on was colonized with Romans by Julius Caesar 44BC
74
Where did Paul meet Aquilla and Priscilla?
Corinth
75
On Paul's 3rd MSJ where does he write from?
Ephesus (200miles across Aegean Sea from Corinth)
76
Messengers report back to Paul that there are problems which were WHAT and made 1 Cor. an occasional letter
People from Chloe's house
Getting docs from Corinthians
Almost all of Corinth were new christians (Corinth a VERY pagan city; imperial cult)
77
Char. of 1 Cor.
1. Warm yet stern
2. Not enough appreciation of God's "holiness"
3. The Mosaic Law
- No longer fully relevant, but descriptive/illustrative
4. Contrasts from pagan temples
78
1 Cor. Divide by the Issues:
Contribution/collection and personal greetings
Chap. 16
79
1 Cor. Divide by the Issues:
Foods offered to idols, & can christians eat it
Chap. 8-10
80
1 Cor. Divide by the Issues:
Divisions/Factions in the church
Chap. 1-4
81
1 Cor. Divide by the Issues:
Marriage, divorce, celibacy
Chap 7
82
1 Cor. Divide by the Issues:
Sexual immorality
Chap 5-6
83
1 Cor. Divide by the Issues:
Corporate worship (conflict)
Chap. 11
84
1 Cor. Divide by the Issues:
Resurrection/Eschatology
Chap. 15
85
1 Cor. Divide by the Issues:
Spiritual gifts
Chap. 12-14
86
The divisions in Cor. 1-4 wer based on loyalty to WHAT Christian leaders, not theological or doctrinal issues
Paul, Apollos, Cephas/Peter, Christ
87
Paul argues what several ways in which they should be united not divided
(Hint 3)
Baptism, cross, spirit
88
How does Paul know they are still “worldly” or uses the term men as a derogatory term in Cor. 3?
Jealousy/quarrleing
89
Name the 3 illustrations / metaphors used in Cor. 3
```
1. Agrarian
(church=field, We=farmers)
2. Architectural
(church= building, Paul=Foundation)
3. Temple
(We=temple, God=lives in us)
```
90
What were the more derogatory uses of “men" in Cor 3?
This world/human
91
Why expel the immoral brother?
1. For his own good
2. Church Reputation
*3. They were habitual
problems that were causing major problems
92
Chap. 6 is on what -BUT should be renamed lawsuits -perhaps?
Sexual immorality
93
Cor. 6 has more to do with how the church is to
settle disputes within, esp. as it pertains to disciplining an immoral brother
94
Statement of fact (in the Bible it is often a statement
| of what God has done for them/us)
Indicative
95
A directive, order, command to do something
Imperative
96
The word(s) translated as “homosexual” are
heavily debaed
97
"Honor God with your body so
that you may be bought at a price.”
Fix, & find the imperative and indicative
You were bought with a price
(Indicative)
THEREFORE honor God with your body (Imperative)
98
Most problems in Corinth due to them being new
| Christians was bc they were still heavily influenced by
Cult of Dionysus
99
A more accurate description of a very pagan culture is
Pagans were very
“religious,” but religion had little effect on ethics, morals, way-of-life
ex. polygamist
100
Randy Harris' ACU & Singleness
| 3 reasons
```
Single by...
-Accident
-Choice
-Calling
(Harris' "vocational celibacy”)
```
101
3 issues that arise from being single
Sex, loneliness, being misunderstood
102
In what 1 Cor. chap. is Paul providing a tangential
| autobiographic apologetic/defense for his teachings from ch. 8; not a digression
Chap. 9
103
Everything is permissible,” but not everything is ___. “Everything is permissible,” but not everything is ____.
beneficial
| constructive.
104
Paul's main pt. in 1 Cor:
10: 31 – whatever you do, do it all for the glory of God
10: 32 – do not cause anyone to stumble
are cross refs to
Rom 14
105
1 Cor. 11 on Corporate worship dealt with
Gender issues, abuse of Lord's supper/communion
106
Gender issues were about...
HOW to pray/prophesy NOT about women who prayed/prophesied
107
Our communion is not a part of a fellowship meal therefore it is
vertical
108
Their communion was an occurring meal therefore it was
horizontal
109
The problem with the early chruch's communion was that
The rich were discriminating /starting without the poor
Drunkeness
110
Many problems in Corinth due to syncretism, which was...
linking old, pagan ways with Christian ways
111
What's the key word?
| "The point: all “gifts” should bring glory to the same God"
same
112
Paul addresses the church as “the body” in 1 Cor. 12 & in what other books?
Romans and Ephesians
113
Our baptism by/with/in one Spirit is
what unites us
114
Chapter 13 reveals what “the greater gifts;” “the most excellent way”
Love
115
With love in mind, Paul discusses prophecy & speaking in tongues.
Simply put...
Worship has a vertical & horizontal element
116
In 1. Cor 14. on spiritual gifts the topic goes back to women where there has been MUCH discussion regarding different ways in interpreting.
Name the 5pts. of Contention
1. Editing
2. The Law - never said to be silent, but to submit
3. Speaking in tongues
4. 14:34-35 not orig.
5. Women better translated as "wife"
117
The Law never said women had to remain silent but to submit.
| The ISSUES here seem to be:
1) wives not submitting, and thus shaming their
husbands
2) it was bringing about disorder
118
Why would Paul even ban women from speaking in tongues?
Some claim that in the worship of the cult of Dionysus the
women would chant in a shrill, repetitive manner that was
anything but “orderly
119
The issue in 1 Cor. 15 was the lack of belief in the resurrection
lack of belief in the resurrection (excluding afterlife), pre-Christian beliefs.
120
1 Cor. 15 says that death is the last enemy God will destroy, so by cross ref. Rev 20 we can see that...
1. Devil is destroyed
| 2. Death is destroyed
121
In 1 Cor. 16 Paul is writing from where and mentions who?
Ephesus,
| Tim, Apollos, Aquila, Priscilla et. al
