Final Exam Flashcards
Paul’s importance? (2 reasons)
- Approx. wrote 25% or most books of the NT
2. Wrote earliest datable bks. Of NT
Paul was born and raised?
Born: 1st c. A.D
Where: Tarsus; Roman citizen and a Jew
Raised: Jerusalem in childhood
Who was Paul’s teacher and what religious personage was Paul ( before being converted)?
Teacher: Gamaliel
Orig.: Zealous Pharisee
When was Paul converted/commissioned?
Early 30s A.D
Before beginning his missionary journeys Paul stayed where for (maybe) 3yrs.?
Arabia
When and what emperor did Paul die under?
AD 64-68 – Nero (who burned Rome in 64, and died in 68)
Timeline It:
1) Went with Barnabas to Antioch {Hint: 45 AD}
2 40s AD
3) 48/49 AD
4) 50-52 AD
5) Arrested in Jerusalem after 3rd missionary journey
57-58 AD
6) 59-60 AD
7) 61-62 AD1) Approx 45 AD
2) 1st missionary journey
3) Jerusalem Council (Acts 15)
4) Corinth 2nd missionary journey
5) Arrested in Jerusalem after 3rd missionary journey
6) Arrived in Rome for appeal to Caesar
7) Released from Roman prison
How many books of the NT are considered PAUL’S LETTERS/EPISTLES?
13
Name all the Prison letters
Which were letters written AFTER the missionary journeys, when Paul is imprisoned in Rome
Ephesians
Philippians
Colossians
Philemon
Name all the Missionary journey letters
{Hint: 6}
Galatians (1st Mj)
1 & 2 Thessalonians (2nd Mj)
1 & 2 Corinthians (3rd Mj)
Romans (probably 3rd Mj)
When people question whether or not Paul actually wrote the 13 bks. of the NT they are questioning what?
Pauline authorship, but all 13 have INTERNAL evidence of Pauline authorship
Name all the Pastoral letters
1 & 2 Timothy
Titus
1 of the 7 Levels of authenticity:
A church leader writes a letter in his own hand
Literal Authorship
1 of the 7 Levels of authenticity:
A church leader dies, and his disciples who had been authorized to speak for him while he was alive continue to do so by writing a letter in his name years or decades after his death.
Apprentice Authorship
1 of the 7 Levels of authenticity:
A church leader describes the basic content of an intended letter to a disciple or to an amanuensis, who then writes the letter for the leader to approve and sign
Delegated Authorship
1 of the 7 Levels of authenticity:
Almost word for word to an amanuensis.
Dictation
1 of the 7 Levels of authenticity:
A church leader obtains sufficient prominence that either before or after his death, people seek to exploit his legacy by writing a letter in his name, presenting him as a supporter of their own ideas.
Forgery
1 of the 7 Levels of authenticity:
A church leader dies, and admirers seek to honor him by writing letters in his name as a tribute to his influence and in sincere belief that they are responsible bearers of his tradition.
Honorable Pseudepigraphy
1 of the 7 levels of authenticity:
A church leader dies, and his disciples finish a letter that he had intended to write, sending it posthumously in his name.
Posthumous Authorship
The early church declared that for a book to be a part of the NT “canon” it must have:
1)
2)
- Consistent message – that is, they must be consistent with other books
- Apostolic origins – that is, they must have been written by an apostle
/a close companion of an apostle
Mark was a companion of _____
Luke was a companion of _____
James was a companion of _____
A. Peter
B. Paul
C. Brother of Jesus
What do all 7 of the undisputed works of Paul have in common?
Written during the timeline of Acts/ Paul’s missionary journeys
What other NT books’ authors are debated?
1 & 2 Peter
Jude
Hebrews
Which NT bks. are the 7 “UNDISPUTED” works of Paul?
Galatians 1 Thessalonians Philippians Philemon 1 & 2 Corinthians Romans
What are the disputed works of Paul?
{Colossians
2 Thessalonians}
*Scholars are evenly divided on Pauline authorship debate
[1-2 Timothy
Titus
Ephesians]
*Scholars think are most likely pseudepigraphic
What is the Severe Letter?
c.f 2 Cor. 2:4 and 2 Cor. 7:8–9
3rd epistle to Corinth
What are the 4 “lost works” of Paul?
1st & 3rd epistle to Corinth
An earlier epistle to the Ephesians
The Epistle to the Laodiceans
What are the 3 arguments against Pauline authorship?
- Diffs. in Language, Vocabulary and Style
- Theological Diffs.
- Doctrinal/Teaching Diffs.
1 out of the 3 arguments against Pauline authorship:
Colossians and Ephesians have long sentences written in the style of a liturgical hymn that is unusual for Paul
Eph. 1:3-14 is one sentence
Can be easily explained by Paul’s use of an amanuensis
(1) Differences in language, vocabulary and style
1 out of the 3 arguments against Pauline authorship:
A) Sometimes Paul seems to adopt a REALIZED eschatology, and other times a FUTURE eschatology
B) Differing atonement theories
C) Different teachings regarding the parousia/second
coming
(2) Theological differences
1 out of the 3 arguments against Pauline authorship:
Pertain to household codes, and moreover teachings towards women
Where the issue of authorial authenticity is most debated today
c.f. 2 Timothy 2:11-14
(3) Doctrinal/teaching differences
How can the argument over the theological Diffs. Of Pauline authorship be resolved?
(Hint there are 3 solutions) is
(1) Paul’s theology evolves, and/or
(2) Paul is speaking in metaphors, not theories, and/or
(3) it could be both/and instead of either/or
Which 1 out of the 3 points in theological diffs. Of Pauline authorship is most difficult to explain/resolve?
Different teachings regarding the Parousia/2nd coming
What is this book?
The first word of the letter is “Paul”
Few have ever challenged Paul’s authorship; it is an
“undisputed” letter
Paul is more critical of his audience here than in any other letter, and he even calls them foolish
Galations
The question of date is related to the question of “which
Galatians?”
A key point: The Jerusalem Council of Acts 15 is never
mentioned
An argument from silence .
DEDUCTION!!!?
The letter/Galatians was probably written around AD 48
The Jerusalem Council took place in AD 48/49
and Paul evangelized
South Galatia in AD 47/48
Paul’s letter to the Galatians was likely written to the
churches he had
est. during his first missionary journey
Paul probably wrote the letter from his home church
in
Antioch in Syria, before the Jerusalem council of
Sometime after Paul left (1:6), the churches in Galatia formed during his 1st MJ were infiltrated by teachers with a different message Paul calls them…
who trouble you/those who unsettle you
The false teachers convinced the Galatians of a false
gospel which required them
to be circumcised.
i.e. Jewish Christians were teaching that Gentiles had
to become Jews in order to be Christians
Paul argued that these “Judaizers” merely wanted to
win converts for
their own prestige/approval from the Jewish authorities
As a result of the “Judaizers” crisis, there was
division and lack of unity within the Galatian churches
Like the rest of the Pauline letters, Galatians follows the
conventions of letter writing in NT times.
WHICH IS?
Salutation, a body, a paraenesis, greetings, and a benediction.
Paraenesis
Set of moral exhortations
What indicates Paul’s agitation and alarm over the theological situation in Galatia?
No initial thanksgiving
The main argument of the epistle (Gal.) is adv. by the use
of
Autobiography, example, allegory, satiric rebuke, and
exhortation.
Galatians is filled with thematic contrasts: True gospel vs. a \_\_\_\_\_ Faith vs. \_\_\_\_ Law vs. \_\_\_\_ Liberty vs. \_\_\_\_\_ Son-ship vs. \_\_\_\_\_ Fruit of the Spirit vs. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
false gospel works grace legalism slavery Desires of Flesh
The whole letter of Gal. revolves around
the crisis
