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H- BNEW 113 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Reliable means….

A

Consistent

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2
Q

Validity means…

A

Accurate

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3
Q

What is the min. no. of old manuscripts you must possess to consider it as reliable? (According to Historians)

A

12

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4
Q

Koine is…

A

Common Greek language at the time of NT

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5
Q

What are the 3 primary reasons Christians have killed?

A

1) Theological differences (e.g., the Catholic Church, Reformers, Anabaptists)
•(2) Finding unity in something other than Christ (e.g., the Rwandan genocide of 1994)
•(3) “Convert or die” (e.g., the Crusades)

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6
Q

A mode of literary or historical analysis in which present-day ideas and perspectives are anachronistically introduced into depictions or interpretations of the past.

A

Presentism

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7
Q

Homosexual relationship between an adult male and a pubescent or adolescent male.

A

Pederasty

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8
Q

To help overcome our bias what are the steps we must take to overcome them?

A

Understand our own context, and embrace the cultural context of the biblical world

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9
Q

What are the 10 Elements of Culture?

A

1) Language
2) Temporality
3) Territoriality
4) Exploitation
5) Association
6) Subsistence
7) Gender Differences
8) Learning
9) Play
10) Defense

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10
Q

1 of the 10 Elements, concern is split into 2 subgroups:

Punctuality, allocation, maximum efficiency, rewards as incentives, & emphasis of dates and history, is more linear minded.
Vs.
Detail orientation over efficiency, a “Let come what may” outlook on life, completion to perfection is the reward itself, emphasis on “experiencing” rather than future, is more circular/cyclical/spiral/repetitive

A

a. Time Element

b. Time vs. Event Orientation

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11
Q

What type of thinking?
Judgments are black/white

Security comes from feeling one is right, & fits into specific role/category

Info & experiences are systematically organized

Key words: Labeling/Stereotyping, binary, dualistic, scientific method

A

Dichotomous

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12
Q

What type of thinking?

Judgements are gray, open-ended, whole person & all circumstances taken into consideration

Security comes from multiple interactions within society

Info & experiences are seemingly disorganized, details/events stand as independent points completely by themselves

A

Holistic Thinking

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13
Q

The NT world seems to be more inclined towards dichotomous or holistic thinking?

A

Holistic

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14
Q

Paul is often accused of being dichotomous or holistic thinking?

A

Dichotomous/Dualistic

-Which might be because Hellenistic/Greco-Romans were more Dualistic/Dichotomous

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15
Q

Individual matters, but only insofar as it benefits the community

Being unique is insulting

Decision must be made by consultation by community

Goal of whole is greater than individual

A

Collectivism

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16
Q

Community matter but only insofar as it benefits the person

Being unique is lauded

Decisions are made without consulting community

Goal of person is greater than whole

A

Individualism

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17
Q

The NT would be more collectivist or individualist?

A

Collectivist

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18
Q

External over Internal

Reaction to others’ criticism is personal chagrin at failure to obligations and expectations of others

Every person has a duty to society

Self-Respect made by choosing what is expected

Failure leads to aggression against yourself

Emphasis on self-denial & humility as ways of restoring social order

A

Honor/Shame

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19
Q

Internal over External

Emphasis on punishment & forgiveness as ways of restoring moral order

There are absolute standards of morality within us

Confession may relieve you

Choosing what is “the good choice” over the “bad”

A

Guilt

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20
Q

NT world was very inclined towards Guilt or Honor/Shame?

A

Honor/Shame

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21
Q

Greek word that is translated to “drawing out” the meaning of a given scripture

A

Exegesis

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22
Q

Term: How we read the Bible

A

Hermeneutics

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23
Q

Term for things we think before we even know we think them/foundational belief

A

Presuppositions

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24
Q

The ___s pov that states: God said it. I believe it. That is it.

A

Literalists

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25
Q

What law states: …If the only tool you have is a hammer… treat everything as if it were a nail

A

Maslow’s hammer/The Law of the instrument

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26
Q

The most common hermeneutics

Q: What does the Bible REQUIRE of me/us?

Silence is prohibitive

16th c. John Calvin & Reformers

Conclusion is reached on basis of evidence & reasoning

A

“Reformed” reading/Legal Document pov for the Bible

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27
Q

Difference between Imperatives & Indicatives

A 
Imperatives = Commands
Indicatives = Statements of Fact
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28
Q

Martin Luther’s Sola Scriptura pov is characterized by…

A

Scripture alone is our guide

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29
Q

John Calvin’s TULIP pov on the Bible stands for…

A

T- Total Depravity
(humans are depraved & evil)

U- Unconditional Election
(God saves/elects whoever he pleases, grace is not earned)

L- Limited Atonement

I- Irresistible Grace

P- Perseverance of the Sts.
(Once saved always saved)

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30
Q

Was a lawyer by trade, read the Bible as a legal document, belief in opposition to Cath. Church

A

John Calvin

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31
Q

ARM happened in 19th c. sought to be neither Protestant nor Catholic

A

American Restoration Movement

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32
Q

Harding taught about 2 laws in the Bible: Moral vs. Positive

How were they different?

A

Moral Ls - were more natural & even non-christians could recognize/live by them

Positive Ls - were not exactly moral, or natural, they were tests of devotion & loyalty

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33
Q

Moral or Positive Law?

God shows grace when these laws are broken

God desires us to break them, but he readily forgives them because we are merely human

A

Moral

34
Q

Moral or Positive Law?

God does NOT show grace when these laws are broken

When we break these laws we show lack of devotion and/or
loyalty
I.e., these sins are unpardonable

A

Positive

35
Q

This hermeneutic is…
Read the Bible looking for key, ideas, themes, & principles

The Bible is not about rules or laws but rather about providing IDEALS to live by

A

Principles

36
Q

This hermeneutic is…

If circumstance is right/wrong in the Bible then it is right/wrong today

A

Circumstantial

37
Q

This hermeneutic is…

Read the Bible in order to imitate certain characters

A

Character Imitation

38
Q

This hermeneutic is…
Bible’s primary function serves to describe who God is & what creation is like

The Bible functions to shape our character by shaping the way we see the world

There is still an appreciation & adherence to commands

A

Character Formation

39
Q

The hermeneutic: Character Formation believes in the Bible as 5 stages/Acts that are often called what?

A

Theodrama

40
Q

Name the 5 acts in order for Theodrama

A

Stage/act 1 – Creation

Stage/act 2 – Israel

Stage/act 3 – the life, ministry, death, etc. of Jesus (God sent self)

Stage/act 4 – the church
(Us)

Stage/act 5 – New creation/”heaven”/eternity

41
Q

What are Augustine’s Hermenuetical Guidlines?

A

Guide 1) Readers must be humble

Guide 2) High value on authorial communicative intent

Guide 3) Scripture is nonetheless open to polysemy

Guide 4) Appeal to the “Double-love” commandment for interpreting all Scripture

42
Q

The Newest book of the NT canon was probably…

A

Revelation

43
Q

Even though there is Internal evidence that John the apostle wrote Revelation why is authorship still questioned?

A

Apocalyptic literature was often pseudepigraphical

44
Q

Dionysius, Eusebius didn’t believe that John wrote Revelation, but what are the external evidence that point to John as author of Revelation?

A

Some early church fathers agreed

(Justin Martyr, Irenaeus),

45
Q

Revelation was probably written when?

A

during a time of persecution, either during
Nero (AD 54-68) or Domitian (AD 81-96)

BUT most think the latter, thus book was written c. AD 95

46
Q

Characteristics of apocalyptic/revelatory literature:

there are 5

A

(1) Set in times of opposition to bring hope to the
oppressed

(2) Uses symbolism (beasts, numbers, etc.) to represent
world powers and historical events

(3) Primarily interested in mysteries & ending of the world
(4) All is annihilated & God est. his kingdom
(5) Often pseudepigraphical

47
Q

How many chapters in Revelation are direct letters to the 7 churches of Asia?

A

Chap. 1-3

48
Q

Outline the chapters of Revelation by order of topics

A

Chap. 1-3 – letters to 7 churches of Asia

Chap. 4-22 – apocalyptic

49
Q

Name all 4 views to interpreting Revelation

A

Preterist, Historicist, Futurist, Idealist

50
Q

The Idealist believes WHAT about Revelation

A

It is metaphorical

Simply a series of symbolic
pictures of timeless truths that
reveal the end outcome: God wins

Events depicted did not
really happen, and will never happen; they simply tell a story

51
Q

The Preterist believes WHAT about Revelation

A

Written at a particular time
period and for a particular purpose (i.e., occasional)
(during the 1st c)

Most of the events depicted
have already taken place

Chs. 20-22 are exceptions, and about future

52
Q

The Historicist believes WHAT about Revelation

A

Describing a long chain of events
from the time of writing (c. AD 95)
to the end of history

Some events have already occurred but some are yet to occur -TODAY

53
Q

The Futurist believes WHAT about Revelation

A

Describing the end times

Events depicted will all occur right before the end/parousia

Current events are studied in comparison to Revelation to determine if the end is near

54
Q

Which combinations of the Preterist, Futurist, Historicist, and Idealist are normally complementary with each other?

A

The Preterist & Idealist will normally be complementary with each other

The Futurist & Historicist will normally be complementary of each other

55
Q

Name the 7 churches of Asia

A

Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Laodicea Philadelphia,

56
Q

True or False

Each letter includes references to things that particular city was known for & the letter plays off of that

A

True

57
Q

Laodicea was known for what?

A

Laodicea took its water from the hot springs of Hierapolis, but in the 6 miles of aqueduct, the water cooled to LUKEWARM.

58
Q

The goal of the letters in Revelation to the 7 churches of Asia was…

A

To comfort the afflicted churches (e.g., Smyrna), and to

afflict the comfortable churches (e.g., Laodicea)

59
Q

What Chapters of Revelation can be described by these points?

The same events are described over and over
(A spiral model)

A style that is at least somewhat consistent with 1 John

Different series of events described to approach the same conclusion:
THE END

Chap _ 7th seal opened, but followed by 7 bowls

A

a. Revelation Ch. 4-11

b. Ch. 8

60
Q

144,000 in ch. 7 is repeated over and over again.
Back then N=numbers meant different things to the ancients than they do
to us while we use them for precision; they often use them as more symbolic

Thus, what is the symbolism meant with 144,000

A

A series of 12, that could be reference to the “faithful”

61
Q

Chs. 12-19 are about…

A

Messages and prophecies that address the oppressive Roman state

62
Q

Ch. 12 begins with…

A

Red dragon pursuing a pregnant woman

63
Q

In heaven a battle is fought between WHO and other angels vs. the dragon that wants to kill the baby

A

Michael

64
Q

Some say that the dragon was…

And the baby was…

A

Satan

Jesus

65
Q

Many do not think the story about the angels and dragon is about Satan being cast from heaven. What are some of the theories that differ from the “Satan ones”

A

The king of Babylon or thriving Rome oppressing the christians

66
Q

In Ch. 13 what are the 2 beasts coming from?

A

Ocean & Earth

67
Q

The 2 beasts in chap. 13 were probably IMAGERY ALLUDING to what (OT) book chap. 7

A

Daniel 7

68
Q

The 2 beasts could be interpreted as….

A

Oppressive governments

69
Q

How many monsters are actually mentioned in Revelation?
And what were they supposed to symbolize?
[Hint: It is a “Satan theory” & is a historicist take on the “Beasts”]

A

a. Dragon, beast of Ocean, beast of Earth
b. Dragon - Satan, and who gave his power to 1st beast (ocean)

1st beast/Ocean beast - Nero

2nd beast/Earth beast - Domitian/governors, magistrates, etc. who carry our Rome’s oppressive ways forcing people to worship the emperor cult and renounce Jesus/ The “anti-Christ”

70
Q

Who served under Emperor Trajan?

A

Governor Pliny

71
Q

What is the 2nd beast’s job supposed to be (earth beast)?

A

To implement the worship of the first beast

72
Q

Define Gematria

A

Letters have numerical equivalent

73
Q

Gematria started with who?

A

Pythagoras

74
Q

What was the Greek & Latin number versions for “the beast”

A 
666 = Greek
616 = Latin
75
Q

The number of the beast was probably what Roman Emperor, though later it could have been Domitian to remind us of this infamous emperor.

A

Emperor Nero

76
Q

What 2 cities in Revelation are ref. as whore/prostit/harlot?

A

Rome &/or Babylon

77
Q

In Chap. 15-19 we have a repeating series of what number?

A

7

78
Q

What is the most controversial part of Revelation (starting in 20:1-8), but is arguably not the most important part of Revelation.

A

Millennial Reign

79
Q

What is the basic understanding of the Millennial Reign for whatever believer?

A

It is a 1000 year

80
Q

Premillennialism

A

Jesus will reign on the earth for 1000

years at his second coming; period comes after the tribulation

81
Q

Postmillennialism

A

Jesus will return after a “Golden Age”

where Christian ethics prosper

82
Q

Amillennialism/Now-millennialism/Realized

millennialism

A

Began at Pentecost, thus we live in this period now (thus
1000 years not literal) and Jesus will return

Typically Preterist

H- BNEW 113 (4 decks)

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