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Final exam Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

bacterial capsules are associated with what property?

A

viralence

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2
Q

what phase of the bacterial growth curve is best for biochemical testing?

A

log phase

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3
Q

what type of environment is provided by a candle jar?

A

microaerophilic

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4
Q

what is the purpose of the Alberts stain?

A

used to stain metachromatic granules of corynebacterium

also to identify diptheria

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5
Q

example of differential media

A

Mac

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6
Q

example of enriched media

A

SBA

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7
Q

example of selective media

A

Thayer-Martin and CNA

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8
Q

what are the standard conditions for the autoclave?

A

15 lbs psi and 121 degrees for 15 mins

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9
Q

what is the most abundant organism found in the human intestinal tract

A

bacteroides

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10
Q

what is the most important single test that differentiates staph aureus from non-pathogenic staph?

A

coagulase

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11
Q

alpha strep viridans are the most important cause of what serious illness?

A

SBE sub acute bacterial endocarditis

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12
Q

what is the only signficant pathogen in a throat culture?

A

Group A strep

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13
Q

Enterococcus(BEA + and 6.5% NaCl+) belongs to which Lancefield group?

A

group D

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14
Q

foul smelling pus from an abscess which yields gram positive cocci in chains on gram stain would be indicative of what organism?

A

anaerobic strep

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15
Q

How do you identify Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A

Dextrose + only
Oxidase +
Coffee bean shaped diplococci

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16
Q

What are the identifying characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis?

A

Dextrose and maltose +

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17
Q

what 3 antibiotics are added to Thayer-Martin to make it a selective medium for pathogenic Neisseria?

A

vanconium, colistin and nystatin

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18
Q

What are the general characteristics of the family Enterobacteriaceae?

A

glucose fermentors
oxidase =
nitrate +
flagella are peritrichous

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19
Q

+ test for citrate

A

blue-green growth

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20
Q

+ test for indole

A

red after kovaks

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21
Q

+ test for H2S

A

black in the tube

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22
Q

+ test for phenylalanine

A

blue-green

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23
Q

+ test for VP

A

red

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24
Q

what are the reagents used for the indole test?

A

kovaks

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25
Q

what are the reagents used for the nitrate test?

A

sulfanilic acid and alpha-naphylamine

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26
Q

what are the reagents used for the phenylalanine test?

A

ferric chloride

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27
Q

what are the reagents used for the VP test?

A

potassium hydroxide and alphanatfal

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28
Q

what are the characteristics of E. coli?

A 
lactose fermentor
indole +
lysine +
ornathine +
urea =
citrate =
a/a tsi
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29
Q

what is the best means to differentiate the genus enterobacter from the genus Klebsiella?

A

motility

kleb =

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30
Q

Which genera are urea positive?

A

klebsiella and proteus

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31
Q

LDC differentiates what organism for non-pathogenic H2S producers, such as citrobacter and proteus

A

salmonella

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32
Q

what is the causative agent of hemorrhagic colitis and hemoltic uremic syndrome due to its production of Vertoxin (also known as Shiga-like toxin)?

A

ecoli 0157

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33
Q

What are the characteristics of Serratia marcesens?

A

pigmented, found in soil and resistant to antibiotics

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34
Q

what test differentiates proteus mirabilis from proteus vulgaris(both of which can swarm on SBA or chocolate agar)?

A

indole

vulgaris +

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35
Q

which genera are phenylalanine positive?

A

morganella, proteus, providencia

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36
Q

which organisms causes an infection of the mesentery suggestive of acute appendicitis?

A

yersinia sudotuberculosi

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37
Q

K/A with gas and H2S in TSI is suggestive of what intestinal pathogen?

A

salmonella

38
Q

What non-pathogenic organism is biochemically so similar to Shigella that isolates that are biochemically identified as Shigella must be typed?

A

alkalescens dispar

39
Q

what is the difference between a food poisoning and a food infection?

A

food poisoning is an toxin already there syptoms present in 3-4 hours.
food infection organism needs time to grow.

40
Q

what organism could be described as an oxidase positive glucose-fermenting rod commonly found in water and soil?

A

aeromonas hydropholous

41
Q

a gram negative coccobacillus isolated from a cat bite is most likely to be what?

A

pasteurella multocidia

42
Q

a salt-loving organism responsible for gastroenteritis due to contaminated sea food is most likely to be what?

A

vibrio perahemaliticous

43
Q

what media is used to differentiate between oxidation and fermentation?

A

hugh and leifson (green semi-solid)

44
Q

A gram - coccobacillus isolated from a patient with endocarditis that is oxidase +, catalase -, indole +, non-motile and wealky fermentative would most likely be what?

A

cardiabacterium

45
Q

what are 3 most commonly isolate non-fermative bacteria?

A

pseudamonous, acinetobacter, stenotrophomonas

46
Q

a non-fermentor with a blue-green pigment and a grape-like odor is what?

A

pseudamonous

47
Q

a non-fermentor that is a strong maltose oxidizer and a weak glucose oxidizer is what?

A

stenatrophamonas maltaphilia

48
Q

the causative agent of glanders is what?

A

burholderia mallei (psuedamonas)

49
Q

gram negative, oxidase negative coccobacilus

A

aceinobacter

50
Q

what genus of bacteria can be confused with Neisseria?

A

morexella (oxidase +, gram = rods)

51
Q

a yellow pigmented, oxidase +, gram neg rod that causes meningitis?

A

flavobacterium meningisepticum

52
Q

when is the best time to try to isolate Brucella from the blood stream?

A

first 3 weeks

53
Q

Listerai and Corynebacterium are best differentiated by what test?

A

motility (listeria umbrella)

54
Q

what organism is described as gram +, aerobic, partially acid-fast rod and usually appears on gram stain as branching rods?

A

neccardi

55
Q

What is the least acceptable specimen for anaerobic cutlures?

A

routine sterile swab

56
Q

the causative agent of pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) associated with over-treatment with antibiotics

A

clostridium difficile

57
Q

what anaerobic organism usually produces a black colony on laked blood agar?

A

prevotella melanlnogeicia

58
Q

gram neg pleomorphic rods, spore forming and strict anaerobes are?

A

fusobacterium

59
Q

gram + branching rod siolate from “sulfur granules” obtained from a patients jaw

A

actinomyces

60
Q

lactobacillus is most frequently ioslated from vaginal swabs or?

A

urine from adult females

61
Q

what anaerobic organism is a normal inhabitant of the skin most frequently isolated from 5-7 day old blood culutres where it is a containment?

A

prppionibacterium acnes

62
Q

acid-fast bacilli are usually catalase?

A

+

63
Q

acid-fast bacillus producing a buff colored, dry heaped up colony that is niacin and nitrate positive is most likely to be what?

A

microbacterium TB

64
Q

Which species of organism causes a form of rat bite fever aka Haverhill fever and produces L-forms?

A

streptobacillius moniliformis

65
Q

sputum culture which reveals large numbers of WBC’s on gram stain but NO organisms?

A

legionella pnmophilia

66
Q

what respiratory pathogen is associated with pneumonia,, increased cold agglutinin titre, and strep MG?

A

micaplasma pneumonia

67
Q

the results of Kirby-Bauer susceptibility tests are reported as what?

A

sensitive, intermediate, resistant

68
Q

smallest concentration of a drug that completely inhibits growth.

A

minimum inhibitory concentration

69
Q

for which diseases are blood cultures the best means of identification?

A

sepsis
subacute bacterial endocarditis
typhoid fever

70
Q

added to a blood culture, acts as an anitcoagulant, inactivates the aminoglycosides, and will neutralize the bacterial effect of human serum.

A

SPS

sodium polyanithol sulfinate

71
Q

What serological type of Hemophilus influenza is most pathogenic?

A

hemophilus type B

72
Q

what organism is enhanced by cold temperatures?

A

listeria

73
Q

the toxicity test for corynebacterium diptheriae is called what?

A

ellek test

74
Q

what is the test used to identify the alpha toxin of clostridium?

A

nagler

75
Q

what agar is used in Kirby-Bauer sensitivity testing?

A

Mueller-Hinton agar

76
Q

medium that isolates AFB

A

L-J

77
Q

medium that isolates anaerobes

A

SBA

78
Q

medium that isolates Legionella

A

CYE

79
Q

what is a castaneda bottle?

A

blood culture bottle used to isolate Brucella

80
Q

the bacterial infection which is characterized by Donovan bodies is caused by what organism?

A

calymmatobacterium granulomatis

81
Q

commonly used for conctrating sputums for AFB culture because if decontaminates the sputum is a mucolytic agent and it does not damage the AFB?

A

N-acetyl-Lcysteine (NALC)

82
Q

Nonphotochromogens

A

unpigmented

83
Q

photochrmogens

A

unpigmented in dark, but pigmented in light

84
Q

rapid growers

A

colonies appear in 3-5 days

85
Q

scotochromogens

A

pigmented in the dark

86
Q

Group 1 runyon

A

microbacterium marium

microbacterium kansaii

87
Q

Group 2 runyon

A

microbaterium szulgai

88
Q

Group 3 runyon

A

microbacterium tiberculiosous

89
Q

Group 4 runyon

A

microbacterium fortuitum

90
Q

compete with folic acid, are broad spectrum and can be toxic to the kidney?

A

sulfonamides

91
Q

interferes with the cell wall synthesis, affects mainly gram positive organisms, and may produce allergies

A

penicillian

Microbiology (5 decks)

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