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Microbiology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What sugar is fermented by ALL members of the family Enterobacteriaceae?

A

glucose

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2
Q

What arrangement of flagella is characteristic of motile members of this family?

A

peritrichous

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3
Q

letter is used to represent the cell wall (somatic) antigen?

A

O

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4
Q

letter used to represent the flagellar antigen

A

H

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5
Q

letter used to represent the capsular antigen

A

Vi and K

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6
Q

Which antigens may mask the cell wall antigen in the serological typing of Salmonella?

A

K or Vi

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7
Q

How would an organism that ferments lactose and produces H2S appear on XLD and HE

A

yellow with black center on XLD

orange with black center on HE

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8
Q

Name several media in which a positive result can be growth in the medium, even if there is no accompanying color change.

A

citrate, kcn, malinate

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9
Q

What is the end product in the test for the enzyme phenylalanine deaminase?

A

phenyl pyruvic acid

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10
Q

Which test utilizes Kovac’s reagent to test for the enzyme tryptophanase?

A

indole

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11
Q

What are the color changes observed in a positive decarboxylase test, starting with the initial, uninoculated color?

A

Purple to yellow to purple

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12
Q

pH indicator is generally used to detect what type of reaction by enteric organisms?

A

carbohydrate fermentation

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13
Q

the following reactions observed on TSI: A/A, K/A, and K/K.

A

a/a glucose, lactose or sucrose
k/a ferments glucose only
k/k non fermentor

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14
Q

What is the principle of the nitrate test?

A

the reduction of nitrates leads to the formation of nitrites. may progress to liberation of nitrogen.

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15
Q

What does the development of a pink color only after the addition of Zn dust indicate?

A

negative

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16
Q

What biochemical test is especially useful for the detection of a late lactose fermenting organism?

A

ONPG

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17
Q

What endpoint is produced in a positive urease test that produces the alkaline reaction of the indicator?

A

ammonia

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18
Q

what sugar is fermented by the coliforms (normal intestinal flora like E. coli or Enterobacter) that is NOT fermented by most enteric pathogens (like Salmonella and Shigella)?

A

lactose

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19
Q

What organism is indole positive, citrate negative, dry pink on MacConkey, and produces a green, metallic sheen on EMB?

A

E. coli

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20
Q

What organism is the most common cause of a UTI?

A

e coli

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21
Q

What is the principle of the VP test?

A

organism produced a particular end product acetylmethylcarbinol

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22
Q

What is the best single test to use to differentiate Enterobacter and Klebsiella?

A

motility

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23
Q

How can certain strains of Hafnia alvei be differentiated from Enterobacter aerogenes?

A

sugar fermentation

24
Q

What single test is best to use to differentiate Klebsiella oxytoca from Klebsiella pneumoniae?

A

indole

25
Q

What is the causative agent of bronchial pneumonia?

What is its typical colonial morphology?

A
  • klebsiella pneumonia
  • encapsulated, large mucoid, stringy and pink
  • ureas
26
Q

what test other than motility can be used to differentiate from most Enterobacter?

A

ureas

27
Q

Which test is particularly useful in distinguishing Citrobacter and Proteus, both of which are H2S positive coliforms, from Salmonella, which is an H2S positive pathogen?

A

lysine

28
Q

How can Citrobacter freundii be differentiated from Citrobacter diversus?

A

H2S neg

29
Q

Which species is chromogenic (produces a pigment), is very resistant to antibiotics, and is associated with UTI, hospital-acquired infections, and with wound infections in people who spend a lot of time outdoors in the woods?

A

serratia

30
Q

which genus is characterized by “swarming” motility that is best observed on chocolate sheep blood agar?

A

proteus

31
Q

how can proteus mirablis and proteus vulgaris be differentiated?

A

mirabilis=indole negative

vulgaris=indole positive

32
Q

how do member of the genera proteus and providencia appear on lysine iron agar (LIA)?

A

give a red slant

33
Q

which three genera among the enterobcteriaceae are phenylalanine positive?

A

proteus
providencia
morganella

34
Q

how can morganella morganii be differentiated from proteus sp.?

A

does not swarm or produce H2S

35
Q

what are the distinguishing characteristics of yersinea pestis?

A

coccibacilli
encapsulated
shows bipolar staining(safety pin)

36
Q

what speices of enterobacteriaceae is non-motile at 37 degrees C but motile at 25 degrees C?

A

yersinea enterocolitica

37
Q

Which genera give the following reactions on TSI:
*acid butt
*alkaline slant
*H2S positive
which one of them is a significant pathogen?

A

Salmonella, edwardsiella, proteus

*Slamonella

38
Q

what is the kauffman white schema?

A

name given to all serological types of Salmonella

39
Q

what are the typical biochemical reactions of salmonella typhi?

A

k/a weakly positive H2S

40
Q

what are the reaction of shigella sp. on TSI?

A

k/a no H2S and no gas

41
Q

which species of Salmonella is most frequently recovered from the septicemic type of salmonella infection?

A

salmonella cholerae-suis

42
Q

why should stool samples be planted on laboratory media as soon as possible? (what organism could be missed)

A

shigella

43
Q

which serological group of shigella is most frequently isolated in the US?

A

shigella sonnei (groupd)

44
Q

Which of the rapid identification methods for the Enterobacteriaceae discussed in lecture has the advantage of being the easiest to set up and of producing reliable results in 3 1/2 to 4 hours?

A

micro ID

45
Q

What age group shows the most cases of gastroenteritis due to E. coli?

A

infants and toddlers

46
Q

What food is a frequent source of contamination with Slamonella

A

chicken

47
Q

which body fluids should be tested in cases of carriers of Salmonella?

A

bile

48
Q

Why do severe cases of shigella dysenteriae produce mental confusion?

A

It produces a neurotoxin

49
Q

what is the vector for the transmission of plague?

A

rat fleas

50
Q

what type of plague is most contagious?

A

pnumonic plague

51
Q

What test is used in the lab to differentiate E. coli 0157:H7 from normal stains of E. coli?

A

Mackonkey with d-sorbitol

0157 are sorbitol negative and colorless on Macconkey

52
Q

in the classification of the Enterobacteriaceae what is the tribe?

A

in between a family and the genus

53
Q

what are the IMViC tests?

results for E coli?

A

I=indole +
M=methyl red +
Vi=voges proskant (vp) -
C=citrate -

54
Q

what is the nickname for klebsiella pneumoniae?

A

Friedlander’s bacillus

55
Q

what non-pathogenic organism is so similar to Shigella biochemically that it is included in the serological typing of Shigella isolates?

A

alkalescens dispar

56
Q

what is the difference between a true food poisoning and food infection?

A

Staphylococcus, which produces a true food poisoning due to an exotoxin already in the food, 1-4 hours, Salmonella produces a food infection organism has to have time to for the toxins to be produced in the body.

Microbiology (5 decks)

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