Final - exam 3 material

Question 1

Place the following events of mitosis in the correct order:

I. sister chromatids align on the metaphase plate
II. cleavage furrow forms
III. nuclear membrane breaks up
IV. sister chromatids begin to condense
V. sister chromatids separate

Answer 1

IV - III - I - V - II

Question 2

Cells divide for r______, ______ & development, and ______ renewal.

Which type of cell division is for reproduction only?

Answer 2

reproduction - growth - tissue renewal

meiosis

Question 3

During cell division, genetic material is ______ in ___ phase, then ______ in half beginning in ______ of meiosis.

Answer 3

copied/duplicated in S phase - split - anaphase

Question 4

Meiosis I separates __(2)__ at the metaphase plate and Meiosis II separates __(2)__ (like mitosis).

Answer 4

homologous chromosomes

sister chromatids

Question 5

What are the 3 main components of plasma (or cell) membranes?

Answer 5

semi-permeable, phospholipid bilayer
cholesterol
proteins

Question 6

What happens to eukaryotic cells in very cold temperatures? Think about the cell membrane…

Answer 6

Phospholipids become more tightly packed and less fluid which can lead to essential molecules like O2 & glucose not getting into the cell.

Question 7

In ducks feet exposed to cold temperatures, ______ helps membranes resist changes in _____ when the temp. changes and hinders ______ by disrupting regular packing.

Answer 7

cholesterol - fluidity - solidification

Question 8

What are the 3 things that must happen in between transcription and translation.

Answer 8

Addition of 5’ cap, poly-A tail and RNA splicing

Question 9

Chemical changes in just 1 base pair of a gene are called _____ mutations.

Answer 9

point

Question 10

There are ___ types of mutations - __(2)__ substitution, s____ mutations, m____ mutations, and n____ mutations.

Answer 10

4 / nucleotide-pair / silent / missense / nonsense

Question 11

A gene can be defined as a region of ____ that can be expressed to produce a final __(2)__ that is either a _____ or an _____ molecule.

Answer 11

DNA - functional product - polypeptide - RNA

Question 12

What are the 3 mechanisms of genetic diversity in sexual reproduction?

Answer 12

Ind. assortment of chromosomes
Crossing over
Random fertilization

Question 13

Reproduction and cell division in single celled organisms is equivalent bc they _____ and _____ by the same means - growing to approximately ______ in size and then dividing into 2 ______ daughter cells.

Answer 13

reproduce - divide - double - identical

Question 14

For multicellular organisms, reproduction & cell division are the same thing bc to reproduce, they use ______ which is a type of cell division that _____ cells undergo to produce ______. This type of cell division enables multicellular eukaryotes to _____ from a single _____ - a fertilized egg gives rise to a 2-celled _____.

Answer 14

meiosis - germ - gametes - develop - cell - embryo