Final Exam Flashcards
What are cultural studies based on?
Critical theory and Frankfurt school of thought
Who is in charge of the critical studies?
Stuart Hall
When did Stuart Hall die?
This February
Cultural studies are loosely based on whose works?
Karl Marx
What do socialists do with the interpretive approach?
they take it and they are critical of it
What are socialists critical of?
- Interpretive approach
- Empiricism
- quantitative methods
- Body counts
- Cause/effects research
- science (social and physical)
What do socialists prefer?
- Ideas
- Meaning
- Language
- Symbols
Stuart Hall is critical of how media do what?
- it maintains power and dominance
- language is used to maintain that
Who are the “haves”?
those who have power, money, and control
Who are the “Have nots”?
those who do not have power, money, and control
What is corporate control?
when you have money and control you can put out whatever you want
Who is the obstinate audience?
people do not have to believe what they are told
What does Hall want the obstinate audience want you to do?
Hall wants them to be resistant.
Hall doesn’t believe that it is what info is presented but what?
Whose information it is
Hegemony
the sway (influence) of one country over another
Where are other sways?
- one country over another
- one region over another
- the “haves” over the “have nots”
What is coercion?
prop up the status quo of the dominant
What is a theory?
a theory is a system of assumptions, accepted principles, and rules of procedure devised to analyze, predict, or otherwise explain the nature or behavior of a specified set of phenomena.
Who came up with the cultivation theory?
George Gerbner
When did George Gerbner die?
in 2005
What does the cultivation theory have to do with?
people’s attitudes
What is the #1 message in programming?
violence
What passed religion in storytelling?
Television
What is content analysis?
index of violence
What are the two types of TV?
- Research on drama and
- News
Who are light TV viewers?
2 hrs or less of TV a day
Who are heavy viewers?
4 hrs of more of TV
What is the mean world syndrome?
- The world is out to get you
- People can’t be trusted
- More police than in reality
What is resonance?
experience a real life event all over through television
Who is responsible for the agenda setting theory?
Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw
What is the agenda setting theory?
media doesn’t tell us what to think but what to think about
What is the Geico Pigs name?
Maxwell
Who were the two presidents that were impeached?
Bill Clinton and Andrew Johnson
What does media transfer?
the salience of a news story to the consumer
What is the perfect example of agenda setting?
Watergate
Who were the two news people who helped Watergate go “viral”?
Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein
What was the book written based off the information gathered from Watergate?
“All the President’s Men”
According to the agenda setting theory, who made the Watergate important?
The newspaper
What kind of relationship does the agenda setting theory try to find?
A cause/effect theory
The agenda setting theory looks at about the newspaper?
- position and length of the story
- Who is most susceptible to media
Who is susceptible to the media?
- high index of curiosity
- high need for orientation
- high relevance
- uncertainty
the agenda setting theory tells us that media tell us what not to think but what?
how to think about it
How does the agenda setting theory view framing?
same story but different networks show different parts based on their agenda.
Who sets the agenda according to the agenda setting theory?
1-News editors (gate keepers)
2-Politicians or their spin doctors (PR)
3- Public relations professionals
4- Interest aggregations
According to George Gerbner what is TV?
Society’s institutional story teller
What did George Gerbner study?
the level of violence on TV and how it correlates to how someone perceives the world
What was George Gerbner theory?
the theory of cultivation
What was George Gerbner paradigm?
the Cultural indicators paradigm
What is mainstream?
blurring, blending, and bending that those who watch a lot of TV undergo
What is resonance?
when real life is like the TV viewers are susceptible to TV/s power
What is the institutional process analysis?
an attempt to understand behind the scenes in a media organization
What is symbolic environment?
The socially constructed, sensory world of meanings that in turn shapes our perceptions, experiences, attitudes, and behavior
Who came up with the idea of media ecology?
Marshall McLuhan
What is the tribal age according to McLuhan?
an acoustic era where the senses of hearing, taste, and smell were developed far beyond the ability to visualize.
What is the age of literacy according to McLuhan?
a visual era; a time of private detachment because the eye is the dominant sense organ
What can be done in the literacy age that cannot be done in the tribal age?
Something can be taken out of context.
What became untrue with the start of the literacy age?
Hearing was no longer trustworthy because of proof in writing
What is the print age according to McLuhan?
a visual age, mass-produced books usher in the industrial revolution and nationalism, yet individuals are isolated.
What is the electronic age according to McLuhan?
an era of instant communication; a return to the global village with all-at-once sound and touch
What does McLuhan think electronic media are doing to the human race?
Causing them to return to tribal instincts
What are ideologies as defined by Hall?
the mental framework i which different classes and social groups deploy in order to make sense of the way society works.
What does Hall think is a mistake?
to treat communication as a separate academic discipline
