Final Exam Flashcards
American Experience
Affective Polarization
When the two political parties are so divided that the individuals belonging to these parties view their party more positively and the opposing party more negatively.
Adversarial System
Where two advocates represent their clients to an impartial jury and judge.
Civil Law Tradition
Lean on and are organized by codes
Commander in Chief
The President. Is the commander of the United States of American’s military.
Common Law Tradition
Judicial decisions, precedents, and legislation.
Concurring Opinion
When a majority agrees with an opinion, but not the reason behind the opinion.
Cycle Effect
Presidential popularity tends to start out strong and decline over time.
Dissenting Opinion
A written opinion from the judge that disagrees with the majority.
EOP
Educational Opportunity Program: Helps students that are low-income, underrepresented, and first generation.
Electioneering
The activities that politicians and their supporters carry out in order to persuade people to vote for them or their political party.
“Energy in the Executive”
A president’s willingness to act on behalf of his constituents
Federal Bureaucracy
Part of the government that carries out and enforces policies
Federal Reserve
The central bank of the United States
Federal Judiciary
What are the three courts?
1st: District Courts
2nd: Appeals Courts
3rd: Supreme Court
Fiscal Policy
Government spending and taxation
Free rider problem
When individuals benefit from something that they did not contribute to.
Going public
When the president sells his ideas directly to the public
Head of Government
The president! Leads the executive branch
Head of state
The president! They represent their country
Honeymoon Period
When the people of a country love their president
Hyper partisanship
When both parties have members that are very devoted to their cause
Ideological Polarization
Divergent ideas on ideological issues
INA
Primary law that governs immigration
Inquisitorial System
Focuses on ascertaining the truth through official inquiry
Iron Triangle
Comprised of the policy-making relationship among the congressional committees, the bureaucracy, interest groups
Isolationism and Internationalism
Isolationism is when people want the country to mind its own business when it comes to other countries and internationalism is the opposite
Judicial Interpretivist
Judicial decision making based on the constitution
Judicial review
Legal process that allows courts to review and invalidate government actions that are different from the constitution
lobbying
the act of trying to influence a government’s decision-making process
