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Survey of Speech and Audiology > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

An informed prediction of the outcome of a disorder

A

Prognosis

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2
Q

A statement distinguishing an individual’s difficulties from the broad range of possibilities

A

Diagnosis

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3
Q

Rapid and coordinated movement of the tongue, teeth, lips, and palate to produced speech sounds

A

Articulation

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4
Q

How words are arranged in sentences

A

Syntax

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5
Q

The smallest meaningful unit of language

A

Morpheme

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6
Q

Difficulty naming entities

A

Anomnia

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7
Q

Swallowing disorder

A

Dysphagia

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8
Q

An impairment due to localized brain injury and affecting understanding, retrieving, and formulating meaningful and sequential elements of language

A

Aphasia

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9
Q

Reduces consonant-vowel-consonant structure to more familiar consonant-vowel by omitting the final consonant

A

DFC- Deletion of final consonant

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10
Q

In infancy, long strings of unintelligible sounds with adult-like intonation that develop at about 8 months of age and exhibit the pitch and intonation pattern of the language to which the child is exposed

A

Jargon

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11
Q

The principles to guide the professionals in the field of communication sciences and disorders

A

Code of Ethics

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12
Q

The professional who identifies, evaluates, and manages hearing disorders and disorders of balance

A

Audiologist

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13
Q

The professional who identifies, evaluates, treats, and prevents speech, language, communication, and swallowing disorders

A

Speech language pathologists

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14
Q

A procedure to measure hearing thresholds via air and bone conduction using graduated steps for loudness for 250-8000 Hz

A

Pure tone audiometry

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15
Q

Good vocal hygiene could include all but:
drink plenty of fluids
avoid excessive throat clearing and coughing
limit caffeine
gargle with hot salt water

A

gargle with hot salt water

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16
Q

A hoarse voice reflects irregularities in how the vocal folds perform and may be the result of:
A. vocal nodules
B. laryngectomy

A

A. Vocal nodules

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17
Q

Intensity or loudness of sound is measured in what?

A

Decibels

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18
Q

The document that shows the amount of hearing loss in decibels at different frequencies and used to diagnose hearing loss is a what?

A

Audiogram

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19
Q

When one phoneme is said for another one, for example, if “book” is said as “pook”, this would be an error of what?

A

Substitution

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20
Q

In treatment, demonstrating the desired response is _________

A

modeling

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21
Q

A disorder characterized by substantial limitation in intellectual functioning, concurrent related limitation in in adaptive skill areas, and manifested before age 18

A

Intellectual disability

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22
Q

Persistent absence of voice that is perceived as whispering is _______

A

Aphonia

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23
Q

The basic frequency level that an individual uses most of the time

A

Habitual pitch

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24
Q

Localized growths on the vocal folds that are associated with vocal abuse

A

Vocal nodules

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25
Q

Inflammation of the middle ear, with or without infection

A

Otitis media

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26
Q

How many morphemes in the words “cats”

A

two

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27
Q

A semantic language problem is a disorder of

A

content, meaning

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28
Q

A receptive language problem is a problem of

A

understanding

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29
Q

Which one is not important to choosing an intervention for clients needing augmentative communication?
A. individualize the content
B. give a standardized test

A

B

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30
Q

The discipline involved in the prevention, identification, and evaluation of hearing disorders, the selection and evaluation of hearing aids, and the habilitation/rehabilitation of individuals with earing impairment

A

Audiology

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31
Q

Recommendation for addressing the problem, including placement therapy approaches, counseling suggestions and referrals

A

Treatment plan

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32
Q

Hearing loss induced through the aging process

A

Presbycusis

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33
Q

Combination of a sensorineural hearing loss with a conductive component

A

Mixed loss

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34
Q

The space between the vocal folds when they are open or at rest is ________

A

glottis

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35
Q

Smoothness of rhythm and rate

A

Fluency

36
Q

Small bones within the middle ear, includes the malleus, the incus, and the stapes

A

Ossicles

37
Q

A mild to moderative impairment in auditory acuity due to malformation or obstruction of the outer and/or middle ear

A

Conductive loss

38
Q

Beginning in 2012 the degree required to practice audiology

A

AuD

39
Q

Permanent hearing loss as the result of malformation, or damage to the structures of the inner ear

A

Sensorineural loss

40
Q

The rate and rhythm of language, the melodic pattern of speech

A

Prosody

41
Q

a cone-shaped structure called the ear drum which closes of one end of the ear canal so that all of the incoming sound vibrations strike its surface

A

Tympanic membrane

42
Q

_____________ includes gestures, signing, picture systems, print, computerized communication, and voice production used to complement or supplement speech for persons with severe communication impairments

A

Augmentative communication

43
Q

Children who are candidates for cochlear implants are expected to be primarily oral speakers

A

True

44
Q

Immittance testing tests the integrity of the middle ear

A

True

45
Q

The quietest presentation level of a pure tone that a person can detect 50% of the time is a(n) ______________

A

Threshold

46
Q

Hearing loss that accompanies the aging process is called

A

Presbycusis

47
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss generally affects the ________ frequencies

A

High

48
Q

T/F: Autism spectrum disorder clients may exhibit echolalia, social impairments, language disorders, and hyperlexia

A

True

49
Q

T/F: Consonant phonemes are normally classified based on manner of production

A

True

50
Q

Dysarthrias are speech problems that are due to ____________

A

Neuromuscular impairment

51
Q

Breaking down or segmenting a written word into its components sounds and the blending them together to form a recognizable word

A

Decoding

52
Q

Knowledge of sounds and syllables and of the sound structure of words

A

Phonological Awareness

53
Q

Phonological awareness includes all but:
sound blending
rhyming
text comprehension

A

text comprehension

54
Q

T/F: Children begin to develop print awareness by age 3

A

True

55
Q

A disability characterized by difficulty producing written symbols

A

Dyslexia

56
Q

T/F: The SLP’s role in reading intervention may include treatment for problems with phonological awareness, word recognition, text comprehension and executive function

A

True

57
Q

A complex nonvocal language containing elaborate syntax and semantics. Used by deaf individuals in the Deaf Community

A

ASL

58
Q

T/F: Subglottic pressure determines loudness

A

True

59
Q

Disorders of voice include:
A. pitch, loudness, trachea
B. pitch, loudness, voice quality
C. loudness, speech, yelling

A

B

60
Q

Noisy breathing or involuntary sound that accompanies inspiration and expiration

A

Stridor

61
Q

Medial or physical conditions that can cause voice disorders include:
A. neurogenic disease
B. vocal fold paralysis
C. all the above

A

C

62
Q

T/F: Sensorineural loss is typically permanent

A

True

63
Q

Children’s language disorders are seen with which fo the following diagnoses:
A. Learning disability
B. Intellectual disability
C. Autism
D. all the above

A

D

64
Q

T/F: Aphasia is not the result of a motor speech disorder or dementia

A

True

65
Q

T/F: Stroke patients may show signs of expressive disorders, auditory comprehension deficits, speech impairment, reading and writing difficulties, and/or difficult social communication

A

True

66
Q

What are two covert symptoms of stuttering?
A. secondary symptoms
B. shame
C. anxiety

A

B and C

67
Q

What is not a theory for causes of fluency disorders?
A. organic
B. behavioral
C. genetic

A

C

68
Q

Which is not an example of secondary symptoms?
A. tapping your leg
B. prolongations
C. eye blinking

A

B

69
Q

What are the types of normal disfluencies?
A. syllable repetitions
B. interjections
C. whole word repetitions
D. all the above

A

D

70
Q

Indirect therapy for beginning stuttering would include all except:
A. direct modification approaches
B. modeling slow easy speech
C. parent education

A

A

71
Q

______ asserts that stuttering develops when the environmental demands placed on a child to produce fluent speech exceed the child’s physical and learned capacity

A

demands & capacities model

72
Q

what theory proposess an actual physical cause for stuttering?

A

Organic theory

73
Q

A disorder of fluency associated with some form of brain damage dysfunction

A

Neurogenic stuttering

74
Q

Extra words added into the sentence as “can we -uhm- go now?

A

interjections

75
Q

symptoms such as eye blinking, facial grimacing, facial tension, exaggerated movements of the head and shoulders which accompany the disfluent behaviors

A

secondary symptoms

76
Q

the goal of this treatment is zero disfluencies

A

fluency shaping

77
Q

to change words in the middle of the utterance in order to avoid a particular word, ex: he went, he cam back

A

revisions

78
Q

stuttering that occurs between the ages of 2-5 and develops over time

A

developmental stuttering

79
Q

holding a sound in a word as in “ssssssssssssee me swing”. This usually indicates more fluency difficulty than simple repetitions

A

prolongation

80
Q

the method the individual uses to modify the word during the disfluency by slowing down the sequential movements to complete the word in a more fluent production. This is not after the word but during the word

A

pull-out

81
Q

Name four tasks to administer for a bedside evaluation for a client who has had a stroke

A

(1) ask the patient to read cards that were given to them while in the hospital to assess reading
(2) ask the patient to name some objects that are around the room to assess their naming skill
(3) watch the patient filling out a hospital menu or perhaps a thank you card to assess their writing skill
(4) ask the patient to write some of their children’s and/or siblings names to assess word retrieval and also writing
(5) make sure you are taking notes on how the client is responding to questions you are asking at the bedside to assess their auditory comprehension

82
Q

name three things ASHA does for its members

A

networking
professional support
community building

83
Q

what is fluent and disfluent aphasia?

A

fluent is jargon but incomprehensible, disfluent is not able to speak

84
Q

name two pathologies affecting the vocal folds

A
  1. parkinson’s
  2. vocal fold paralysis
  3. aphonias
85
Q

a physician’s referral is required for what treatment?

A

voice disorders

Survey of Speech and Audiology (14 decks)

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