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kinesiology > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

anatomical position

A

standard reference posture used in anatomy. The body is upright, facing forward, with feet slightly apart and parallel, arms at the sides, and palms facing forward.

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2
Q

sagittal plane

A

divides the body into left and right halves.

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3
Q

what exercises take place on sagittal plane

A

flexion and extension, such as bicep curls, running, or forward lunges.

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4
Q

transverse plane

A

Divides body into top/bottom; rotational movements occur here.

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5
Q

frontal plane

A

Divides body into front/back; abduction and adduction occur.

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6
Q

brains two main sources of fuel

A

glucose
ketones

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7
Q

ketone

A

Energy molecules from fat, used when glucose is low.

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8
Q

why is glucose important for the brain

A

Brain lacks fat stores; glucose ensures constant energy supply.

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9
Q

what joint provides the most mobility

A

The shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint).

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10
Q

t or f
carrying angle is greater in males

A

false

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11
Q

what is carrying angle

A

The angle between the upper arm and forearm when extended.

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12
Q

why is carrying angle greater in females?

A

Wider pelvis in females causes increased elbow angle for clearance

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13
Q

Scapular winging is usually an indicator of an inactive what?

A

Serratus anterior muscle.

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14
Q

what is scapular winging

A

Protrusion of the scapula from the back, often due to weakness.

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15
Q

What are the two major pronators of the arm?

A

Pronator teres and pronator quadratus.

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16
Q

Which bone structure is where growth of bone occurs

A

epiphyseal plate (growth plate)

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17
Q

Please list 3 exercises that strengthen VMO function

A

Squats (with focus on knee alignment)
Step-ups
Lunges

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18
Q

vmo?

A

vastus medialis oblique

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19
Q

cerebellum function

A

accuracy
balance
coordination

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20
Q

What is the most common type of ankle injury?

A

Lateral ankle sprain, affecting the anterior talofibular ligament.

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21
Q

lateral ankle sprain?

A

The ankle folds inward, causing inversion.

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22
Q

medial ankle sprain

A

The ankle folds outward, causing eversion.

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23
Q

eversion

A

Movement where the foot turns outward, away from the midline.

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24
Q

inversion

A

Movement where the foot turns inward, toward the midline.

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25
Q

What is the most common type of joint in the body?

A

Synovial joints, allowing movement and flexibility

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26
Q

ambidextrous people can do what?

A

use both hands with equal skill.

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27
Q

The sharp distal end of the elbow is called what?

A

olecranon process

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28
Q

medial epicondylitis

A

nflammation of the tendons on the inner elbow, “golfer’s elbow.”

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29
Q

lateral epicondylitis

A

nflammation of the tendons on the outer elbow, “tennis elbow.”

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30
Q

Which type of joint provides the most mobility

A

Ball and socket

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31
Q

“Bones and soft tissue remodel along lines of stress” is indicative of what?

A

wolffs law

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32
Q

What is the largest joint in the body?

A

knee (tibiofemoral joint)

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33
Q

Tommy John surgery is common with those who have injury to this area

A

The ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) in the elbow.

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34
Q

UCL is also referred to as

A

medial collateral joint

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35
Q

When it comes to the radioulnar joint, there is the ________________ radioulnar joint, and the
_______________ radioulnar joint

A

proximal and distal

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36
Q

what is the proximal radioulnar joint closest to

A

the elbow

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37
Q

what is the distal radioulnar joint close to

A

the wrist

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38
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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39
Q

what are the 12 cranial nerves

A

Olfactory (I)
Optic (II)
Oculomotor (III)
Trochlear (IV)
Trigeminal (V)
Abducens (VI)
Facial (VII)
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)
Accessory (XI)
Hypoglossal (XII

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40
Q

which of 12 nerves are sensory

A

olfactory
optic
vestibulocochlear

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41
Q

which of 12 are motor

A

ocolumotor
trochlear
abducens
accessory
hypoglossal

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42
Q

which of the 12 are both

A

trigeminal
facial
glossopharyngeal
vagus

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43
Q

The cervical plexus is made up of which spinal nerves?

A

C1 to C4 spinal nerves.

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44
Q

What is tendonitis?

A

Inflammation or irritation of a tendon, often from overuse.

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45
Q

strain

A

Injury to muscles or tendons.

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46
Q

sprain

A

Injury to ligaments.

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47
Q

ligament

A

ct that connects bone to bone

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48
Q

tendon

A

ct that connects muscle to bone

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49
Q

What are the arches of the foot?

A

Medial longitudinal arch
Lateral longitudinal arch
Transverse arch

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50
Q

What is the opposite of shoulder elevation?

A

depression

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51
Q

During which type of contraction does a muscle lengthen

A

Eccentric contraction.

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52
Q

what is eccentric contraction

A

muscle lengthens while generating force, typically during lowering movements.

53
Q

what is concentric contraction

A

A muscle shortens while generating force, typically during lifting movements.

54
Q

During a concentric contraction, what does the insertion typically do

A

The insertion moves toward the origin.

55
Q

insertion

A

The attachment point of a muscle on the bone that moves

56
Q

origin

A

The fixed attachment point of a muscle, typically on a bone.

57
Q

Explain key features of ligaments

A

Connect bones to bones
Made of dense fibrous connective tissue
Provide joint stability
Limited elasticity, less flexible than tendons

58
Q

appendicular Skelton

A

ncludes the limbs and their attachments to the axial skeleton (shoulders, arms, hips, and legs).

59
Q

axial skeleton

A

The part of the skeleton that includes the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum.

60
Q

What is a large sesamoid bone in the body?

A

patella

61
Q

sesamoid bone

A

small bone embedded within a tendon

62
Q

This membrane keeps the radius and the ulna from separating

A

Interosseous membrane

63
Q

What type of joint is the atlanto-axial joint?

A

pivot joint that allows rotation between the atlas (C1) and axis (C2) vertebrae.

64
Q

atlantoaxial joint

A

first cervical vertebra (atlas) and the second cervical vertebra (axis) at the base of the neck.

65
Q

Describe circumduction

A

circular movement at a joint where the distal end of the limb moves in a cone-shaped pattern, combining flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

66
Q

Who are 3 types of specialists which a kinesiologist should have in his or her referral network?

A

nurtionist
physiotherapist
orthopedic surgeon

67
Q

why nutritionist

A

provide guidance on diet and nutrition, which can support optimal performance, recovery, and overall health.

68
Q

why physiotherapist

A

specialize in assessing and treating musculoskeletal injuries and dysfunctions`

69
Q

why orthopedic surgeon

A

essential in a kinesiologist’s referral network for diagnosing and treating serious musculoskeletal conditions

70
Q

radial deviation

A

Movement of the wrist toward the thumb side (radius).

71
Q

Ulnar deviation

A

Movement of the wrist toward the pinky side (ulna).

72
Q

flexion of the wrist

A

Bending the wrist so the palm moves toward the forearm

73
Q

extension of the wrist

A

Straightening the wrist, moving the back of the hand toward the forearm.

74
Q

Please list the main lobes of the brain

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

75
Q

frontal lobe

A

Involved in decision-making, problem-solving, and motor control

76
Q

parietal lobe

A

Processes sensory information like touch, temperature, and pain.

77
Q

temporal

A

Involved in auditory processing, memory, and language

78
Q

occipital

A

Responsible for visual processing

79
Q

About what percentage of the population is left-handed

A

10

80
Q

What is the purpose of a bursa?

A

Fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between tissues and joints.

81
Q

Characteristics of cartilaginous joints

A

Limited movement, bones connected by cartilage, provides shock absorption and stability.

82
Q

fibrous joint

A

Immovable or slightly movable, bones connected by dense collagen fibers, strong stability.

83
Q

Explain shin splints

A

Pain along the shin bone (tibia) caused by overuse, often from repetitive activities like running. It results from inflammation of the muscles, tendons, or tissues around the shin.

84
Q

efferent nerves

A

Nerves that carry motor signals from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands. They are responsible for voluntary and involuntary movements

85
Q

afferent nerves

A

Nerves that carry sensory information from the body to the brain and spinal cord. They detect stimuli like touch, pain, and temperature.

86
Q

Muscle or muscle group that performs the opposite motion of the agonist is called what

A

antagonist

87
Q

agonist

A

The muscle or muscle group that contracts to produce a specific movement. It is the primary mover during an action.

88
Q

What is a fibrous joint?

A

A joint where bones are connected by dense connective tissue (collagen fibers), typically offering little to no movement

89
Q

fibrous joint example

A

sutures in the skull and syndesmoses between certain long bones.

90
Q

When the antagonist contracts at the same time as the agonist, it is called what

A

co contraction

91
Q

Explain plantar fasciitis

A

Heel pain caused by inflammation of the plantar fascia tissue.

92
Q

plantar fascia

A

Thick tissue band supporting the arch, running from heel to toes.

93
Q

The slight tension that is present in a muscle at all times, even when the muscle is resting is called what?

A

muscle tone

94
Q

The distance from maximum lengthening to maximum shortening in muscle is called what?

A

range of motion

95
Q

what doesn’t move in the elbow

A

ulna

96
Q

A muscle’s origin is typically considered to be where relative to the body?

A

typically considered to be proximal (closer to the center of the body) and fixed,

97
Q

To avoid visual parallax, what must you do?

A

ensure that your line of sight is perpendicular to the object you’re observing, preventing any apparent shift or distortion in its position.

98
Q

visual parallax

A

Apparent shift in object position when viewed from different angles.

99
Q

The first digit is called what

A

thumb (pollex)

100
Q

first digit in foot

A

hallux (big toe)

101
Q

The three main nerves that run the arm are the ____________ nerve, the ____________ nerve, and the
____________ nerve

A

radial nerve, median nerve, and ulnar nerve.

102
Q

What can knee valgus can cause

A

Can cause increased stress on the knee, leading to injuries.

103
Q

Nearly ¼ of your bones are found where

A

hands

104
Q

True or False. The lumbosacral plexus is superior to the cervical plexus

A

False
The cervical plexus is superior to the lumbosacral plexus.

105
Q

Please describe “Scaption

A

A shoulder movement in the plane of the scapula, halfway between flexion and abduction.

106
Q

________ fibers are called grey matte

A

Unmyelinated fibers

107
Q

Knee valgus

A

nward angling of the knees, often called “knock-knees.”

108
Q

knee vargus

A

Outward angling of the knees, often called “bow-legged

109
Q

What is the temporal lobe known to have?

A

Known for processing auditory information and memory, including language.

110
Q

The extent of the area or subject matter that something deals with, or to which it is relevant is known as
what?

A

scope

111
Q

The nervous system is continually doing what?

A

continually processing, transmitting, and coordinating information throughout the body.

112
Q

The main extensors of the elbow are called the what?

A

triceps brachii.

113
Q

What is the opposite of shoulder protraction

A

Shoulder retraction

114
Q

where does the scapula move during protraction

A

way from the spine and forward around the rib cage.

115
Q

where does the scapula move during retraction

A

scapula moves toward the spine and backward, squeezing together.

116
Q

The ___________ lobe is responsible for executive function, innovation, and strategic thinking

A

frontal

117
Q

The number 1 diagnosis that hand therapists treat is what

A

carpal tunnel syndrome.

118
Q

A condition that suggests that a particular technique or drug should not be used is called what?

A

contraindication.

119
Q

Name the muscles of the rotator cuff

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.

120
Q

What is one distinct feature that sets mankind apart from animalkind

A

opposable thumbs

121
Q

The radiocarpal and carpometacarpal joints are in the wrist; what is the 3rd joint called

A

intercarpal joint.

122
Q

Usually, what color is myelin?

A

white due to its high lipid content.

123
Q

subluxation

A

A partial dislocation where the joint surfaces are misaligned but still in contact.

124
Q

dislocation

A

A complete displacement of joint surfaces, often requiring medical intervention to realign

125
Q

s the brachialis a flexor, extensor, or stabilizer?

A

flexor

126
Q

In these types of exercises, the segment furthest away from the body — known as the distal aspect, usually
the hand or foot — is free and not fixed to an object.

A

Open kinetic chain exercises
In these exercises, the distal aspect (hand or foot) is free and not fixed.

127
Q

What is turf toe?

A

A sprain of the big toe’s joint, often caused by hyperextension during sports, typically on artificial turf.

128
Q
A
129
Q
A

kinesiology (11 decks)

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