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kinesiology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a sprain?

A

partial or complete tearing of ligament fibers

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2
Q

what do ligaments attach?

A

bone to bone

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3
Q

characteristics of grade 1 sprain

A

stretching and small tears

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4
Q

characteristics of grade 3 sprain

A

completely torn

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5
Q

what is a strain

A

overstretching of muscle fibers

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6
Q

what is tendonitis?

A

inflammation of a tendon

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7
Q

what is bursitis?

A

inflammation of bursa

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8
Q

characteristic of elastic cartilage

A

bendable and goes back into shape

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9
Q

what is the toughest cartilage?

A

fibrocartilage

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10
Q

what does hyaline mean?

A

transparent or near transparent
slippery smooth

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11
Q

where is elastic cartilage found?

A

ear

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12
Q

3 characteristics of joints

A

allow motion
bear bodies weight
provide stability

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13
Q

what kind of joints are sutures of the skull?

A

fibrous

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14
Q

what does the gomphosis joint do?

A

keep teeth in place

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15
Q

most common type of fibrous joint?

A

syndesmosis

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16
Q

what connects two bones?

A

joints

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17
Q

what is the most common type of joint?

A

synovial

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18
Q

how many types of synovial joints?

A

6

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19
Q

pivot joint?

A

neck

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20
Q

first joint of cervical spine?

A

atlas

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21
Q

ball and socket joint?

A

shoulder and hip

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22
Q

hinge joint?

A

knee

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23
Q

saddle joint?

A

thumb

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24
Q

planar joints?

A

metacarpals

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25
Q

6 joints w circumduction

A

fingers, wrist, neck, shoulder, hip, toes

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26
Q

what is dislocation?

A

complete separation of two articular surfaces of a joint

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27
Q

what is subluxation?

A

partial dislocation of joint

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28
Q

is subluxation a common overuse injury

A

yes

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29
Q

what is osteoarthritis?

A

caused by breakdown and eventual loss of cartilage

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30
Q

characteristic of fibrocartilage?

A

more stable gives more structure

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31
Q

where is hyaline cartilage found?

A

ends of bones

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32
Q

what kind of joints are sutures?

A

fibrous joints

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33
Q

what does the atlantoaxial joint do?

A

allow u to nod

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34
Q

what type of joint is atlnatoaxial?

A

pivot

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35
Q

what is the biggest predictor of future injury?

A

past injuries

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36
Q

what is a tendon?

A

a fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

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37
Q

what kind of tissue is a tendon?

A

fibrous connective

38
Q

what is an origin

A

attached to bone that remains stable and does not move during contraction

39
Q

what are muscle origins close to?

A

the center of the body (proximal)

40
Q

HOJI

A

heart, origin, joint, insertion

41
Q

what is the end of a bone called?

42
Q

what is the shaft of a bone called?

43
Q

what is the insertion?

A

attached to the bone that moves in the joint. the most distal

44
Q

where are insertions?

A

on the bone farther from the center of the body (distal)

45
Q

what direction are muscle fibers?

A

parallel or oblique

46
Q

what are 3 parallel muscles?

A

strap, fusiform, triangular

47
Q

what is normal resting length?

A

length of muscle when there is no force placed

48
Q

is everybody’s resting length different?

49
Q

what is irritability?

A

ability to respond to a stimulus

50
Q

what does a muscle do when stimulated?

51
Q

what is contractibility?

A

muscles ability to contract and generate force when it receives adequate stimulation

52
Q

what is extensibility?

A

muscles ability to stretch and lengthen when force is applied

53
Q

what is elasticity?

A

muscles ability to recoil to normal resting length when stretching and shortening force is removed

54
Q

is gumby elastic or extensible?

A

extensible

55
Q

is bubblegum elastic or extensible?

A

elastic but

56
Q

is a coil elastic or extensible?

57
Q

is a snake elastic or extensible?

58
Q

what is tension

A

force built up on a muscle

59
Q

what is tone?

A

slight tension that is present in a muscle at all times even when muscle is resting

60
Q

what is excursion?

A

distance from max lengthening to max shortening

61
Q

does excursion change on how tall u are?

62
Q

what are myofibrils?

A

small bundles that comprise muscle fibers

63
Q

what are sarcomeres?

64
Q

what is a muscle fascicle?

A

bundle of fibers that run parallel to each other

65
Q

what are the building blocks to our muscles?

A

muscle fascicles

66
Q

what is a muscle belly?

A

sum of all the muscle fibers

67
Q

what is trigger point on a muscle?

A

area within muscle belly that is irritated and relays pain

68
Q

what is active insufficiency?

A

point at which muscle cannot shorten any farther

69
Q

where does active insufficiency occur?

A

within the agonist

70
Q

what is passive insufficiency?

A

oint at which multi joint muscle cannot be lengthened any further

71
Q

where does passive insufficiency occur?

A

antagonist

72
Q

what is adaptive lengthening?

A

occurs with the chronic overstretch muscle

73
Q

what is an example of adaptive lenthting?

74
Q

what is adaptive shortening?

A

muscles and ct shorten their length and become tight over time from being in a chronic position

75
Q

are overstretched muscles weaker or stronger?

76
Q

what is isometric contraction?

A

join angle does not change
muscle length does not change

77
Q

what contraction is plank example of?

78
Q

what is concentric?

A

joint angle gets shorter
muscle length shortens

79
Q

what is eccentric contraction?

A

joint angle changes
muscle length lengthens

80
Q

what contractions generates most force?

81
Q

what is agonist?

A

muscle that causes motion

82
Q

another word for agonist?

A

prime mover

83
Q

what is antagonist?

A

works against the motion of agonist

84
Q

what is co-contraction?

A

when agonist contracts at same time as agonist

85
Q

example of co-contraction?

86
Q

what is closed chain?

A

fixed or stationary

87
Q

what is open chain?

A

distal aspect free

88
Q

is leg extension open or closed chain?

89
Q

are pull ups open or closed chain?

90
Q

are lunges closed or open chain?

91
Q

what word should u think of when u hear articulation?

kinesiology (11 decks)

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