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Physics 2 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

These systems all use cassettes:
- CR
- DR
- Film Screen

A

CR and film screen

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2
Q

The backing material in CR cassettes is made of:

A

aluminum

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3
Q

In CR, this layer keeps the phosphor safe.

A

protective

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4
Q

In CR, this layer is commonly called the active layer.

A

phosphor

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5
Q

This element is used as a scintillator in CCD indirect DR systems.

A

cesium iodide

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6
Q

This element is used as a photoconducter in direct DR systems.

A

amorphous selenium

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7
Q

This element is used as a photodetector in TFT indirect DR systems.

A

amorphous silicon

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8
Q

The central part of PACS, this houses both historic and current data.

A

archive server

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9
Q

T/F - Web-based PACS allow for greater hardware flexibility.

A

true

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10
Q

The number of pixels contained in a display refers to__.

A

resolution

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11
Q

____ define how a set of images will be displayed on a monitor

A

hanging protocols

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12
Q

Which advanced image manipulation function will allow the technologist to join multiple images together as one?

A

stitching

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13
Q

T/F - The archive is one of the fastest growing PACS components.

A

true

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14
Q

T/F - The image storage component controls the receipt, retrieval, and distribution of images.

A

false

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15
Q

T/F - The image manager controls all DICOM processes running within the archive.

A

true

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16
Q

This is the component that interfaces with RIS and HIS.

A

image manager

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17
Q

T/F - Image manager is not capable of populating image information in EMR.

A

false

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18
Q

This is the most common level of RAID.

A

RAID 5

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19
Q

This is the least expensive form of long-term storage.

A

DVD

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20
Q

These are also known as film printers.

A

imagers

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21
Q

A comprehensive set of activities designed to monitor and maintain systems that produce a product.

A

quality control

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22
Q

A plan for the systematic observation and assessment of the different aspects of a project, service, or facility to make certain that standards of quality are being met.

A

quality assurance

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23
Q

This level of QC is done prior to installation or after a major repair is completed.

A

acceptance testing

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24
Q

This level of QC is done in order to ensure equipment is operating as expected and to catch problems before they become apparent radiographically.

A

routine maintenance

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25
Q

This level of QC is performed when errors in equipment performance are apparent, this level of QC is typically performed by a service rep.

A

error maintenance

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26
Q

Reject analysis is a __ QC step.

A

monthly

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27
Q

T/F - CR imaging plates should only be erased once a day, no matter what.

A

false

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28
Q

T/F - It is okay to throw an old imaging plate away as general trash when they need to be replaced.

A

false

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29
Q

What type of radiation is used to create the useful parts of a diagnostic image?

A

exit radiation and remnant radiation

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30
Q

T/F - Beam interactions are not affected by beam quality and quantity.

A

false

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31
Q

The image contained within the imaging receptor before it is processed into the final image is called the ____ image.

A

latent

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32
Q

Image formation is the result of_____ absorption.

A

differential

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33
Q

What are the three form of attenuation?

A

absorption, scatter, transmission

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34
Q

T/F - The primary beam is what creates digital images.

A

false

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35
Q

T/F - Ionization is the process through which an atom ejects a neutron, gaining a net charge.

A

false

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36
Q

In the diagnostic range, absorption occurs through a process called______.

A

photoelectric effect

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37
Q

T/F - During a photoelectric event, the x-ray photon loses energy, and is able to exit the body.

A

false

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38
Q

Higher kVp = Less scatter
Lower kVp = More scatter

A

false

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39
Q

T/F - The x-ray photon does not lose energy during a coherent scatter event.

A

true

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40
Q

The primary beam is a ______ beam.

A

heterogenous

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41
Q

During this form of attenuation, the beam passes through the body with no interaction with atomic structures.

A

transmission

42
Q

Scatter causes an effect on the final image that is called _______.

A

fog

43
Q

In regards to the patient, which of the following impact beam attenuation
- part thickness
- tissue type
- tissue density

A

all of the above

44
Q

T/F - Energy level of the beam impacts attenuation.

A

true

45
Q

Beam attenuation increases roughly __% for each 4-5 cm of increased tissue thickness.

A

50%

46
Q

Tissues comprised of atoms with low atomic numbers present ____ opportunities for scatter or absorption to occur.

A

less

47
Q

This is the amount of matter per unit volume.

A

density

48
Q

An x-ray beam’s quality is also referred to as it’s ____

A

penetrability

49
Q

Absorption is responsible for the ____ color of an image

A

white

50
Q

Transmission is responsible for the ____ color of an image

A

black

51
Q

Scatter is responsible for the ____ color of an image

A

grey

52
Q

T/F - High contrast means the image has a lot of greyscale.

A

false

53
Q

T/F - Low contrast means the image is mostly black and white.

A

false

54
Q

Less than __% of the primary beam reaches the image receptor

A

5%

55
Q

Film-screen, CR, and DR all use cassette-based technology.

A

false

56
Q

In terms of dynamic range, a ____ range is preferred.

A

wide

57
Q

____ can occur when an image receptor is over exposed.

A

saturation

58
Q

Image brightness can be adjusted by adjusting:

A

window level and exposure factors

59
Q

These are numeric values that indicate the amount of radiation an image receptor receives.

A

EI numbers and S numbers

60
Q

The exhibited difference in brightness levels within an image.

A

contrast

61
Q

The absorption characteristics of the tissues being imaged.

A

subject contrast

62
Q

T/F - An abdomen has greater subject contrast than a chest.

A

false

63
Q

T/F - The quality of a radiographic beam effects the way it may be attenuated.

A

true

64
Q

Pixel size =

A

FOV/matrix size

65
Q

The term used to evaluate the accuracy of anatomical structural lines.

A

spatial resolution

66
Q

T/F - Pixel size is the primary factor that affects spatial resolution.

A

true

67
Q

T/F - Spatial frequency has no impact on spatial resolution.

A

false

68
Q

T/F - Larger objects have larger spatial frequency.

A

false

69
Q

The measurement of how efficiently an image receptor is in converting x-ray exposure it receives into a quality radiographic image.

A

DQE

70
Q

Phosphor layers of the PSP can be of two types.
____ means that the crystals are randomly distributed, ____ means that the crystals are columnar, resembling needles standing on end, that are densely packed together

A

turbid, structured

71
Q

T/F - When a PSP is irradiated, electrons get trapped in the conduction band, just outside of the valence.

A

true

72
Q

CCD/CMOS are used in direct capture methods.

A

false

73
Q

This DR component does what a PSP does in CR systems.

A

scintillator/photodetector

74
Q

T/F - TFTs are used in direct capture methods.

A

true

75
Q

Sampling frequency must be at least ____ times that of input frequency bandwidth.

A

2

76
Q

S numbers are ____ proportional

A

inversely

77
Q

EI numbers are ____ proportional

A

directly

78
Q

____ is the main controller of contrast in film-screen imaging.

A

kVp

79
Q

____ is the main controller of contrast in digital imaging

A

LUT

80
Q

Scatter, in the diagnostic range, is mostly due to ____.

A

compton effect

81
Q

T/F - Collimation and field size are directly proportional.

A

false

82
Q

Increasing collimation ____ scatter production.

A

decreases

83
Q

Increasing collimation _____ contrast.

A

increases

84
Q

T/F - A tightly collimated primary beam uses the same amount of mAs as a poorly collimated primary beam to achieve the same level of exposure.

A

false

85
Q

T/F - When increasing collimation, kVp should be increased.

A

false

86
Q

T/F - Focused grids can be used at any SID.

A

false

87
Q

When going from no grid to a 10:1 grid, you have to multiply your original mAs by ____.

A

5

88
Q

When going from no grid to a 5:1 grid, you have to multiply your original mAs by ___.

A

2

89
Q

T/F - Using two grids at the same time can cause Moire effect.

A

true

90
Q

Fluoroscopy is used to produce ____ images.

A

dynamic

91
Q

____ is a hollow air-filled cell connected to a timer circuit via wire.

A

ionization chamber

92
Q

T/F - Phototimers are the most commonly used form of AEC today.

A

false

93
Q

T/F - Raising kVp when using AEC increases exposure time.

A

false

94
Q

T/F - Increasing mA will increase exposure time.

A

false

95
Q

In general, backup time should be set to terminate when the exposure has reached ____% of the desired exposure.

A

150-200

96
Q

T/F - Collimation has no effect on AEC.

A

false

97
Q

When performing QA measures on an AEC system, the system should be able to provide multiple exposures with mR readings with __% of each other.

A

5

98
Q

T/F - Exposure technique charts that are based around variable kVp are the best because they do not alter contrast.

A

false

99
Q

Amorphous selenium is used in ____.

A

direct DR

100
Q

Amorphous silicon is used in ____.

A

indirect DR

Physics 2 (16 decks)

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