Final Exam Flashcards by Holly c

These systems all use cassettes:
- CR
- DR
- Film Screen

CR and film screen

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The backing material in CR cassettes is made of:

aluminum

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In CR, this layer keeps the phosphor safe.

protective

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In CR, this layer is commonly called the active layer.

phosphor

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This element is used as a scintillator in CCD indirect DR systems.

cesium iodide

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This element is used as a photoconducter in direct DR systems.

amorphous selenium

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This element is used as a photodetector in TFT indirect DR systems.

amorphous silicon

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The central part of PACS, this houses both historic and current data.

archive server

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T/F - Web-based PACS allow for greater hardware flexibility.

true

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The number of pixels contained in a display refers to__.

resolution

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____ define how a set of images will be displayed on a monitor

hanging protocols

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Which advanced image manipulation function will allow the technologist to join multiple images together as one?

stitching

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T/F - The archive is one of the fastest growing PACS components.

true

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T/F - The image storage component controls the receipt, retrieval, and distribution of images.

false

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T/F - The image manager controls all DICOM processes running within the archive.

true

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This is the component that interfaces with RIS and HIS.

image manager

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T/F - Image manager is not capable of populating image information in EMR.

false

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This is the most common level of RAID.

RAID 5

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This is the least expensive form of long-term storage.

DVD

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These are also known as film printers.

imagers

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A comprehensive set of activities designed to monitor and maintain systems that produce a product.

quality control

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A plan for the systematic observation and assessment of the different aspects of a project, service, or facility to make certain that standards of quality are being met.

quality assurance

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This level of QC is done prior to installation or after a major repair is completed.

acceptance testing

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This level of QC is done in order to ensure equipment is operating as expected and to catch problems before they become apparent radiographically.

routine maintenance

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This level of QC is performed when errors in equipment performance are apparent, this level of QC is typically performed by a service rep.

error maintenance

Reject analysis is a __ QC step.

monthly

T/F - CR imaging plates should only be erased once a day, no matter what.

false

T/F - It is okay to throw an old imaging plate away as general trash when they need to be replaced.

false

What type of radiation is used to create the useful parts of a diagnostic image?

exit radiation and remnant radiation

T/F - Beam interactions are not affected by beam quality and quantity.

false

The image contained within the imaging receptor before it is processed into the final image is called the ____ image.

latent

Image formation is the result of_____ absorption.

differential

What are the three form of attenuation?

absorption, scatter, transmission

T/F - The primary beam is what creates digital images.

false

T/F - Ionization is the process through which an atom ejects a neutron, gaining a net charge.

false

In the diagnostic range, absorption occurs through a process called______.

photoelectric effect

T/F - During a photoelectric event, the x-ray photon loses energy, and is able to exit the body.

false

Higher kVp = Less scatter Lower kVp = More scatter

false

T/F - The x-ray photon does not lose energy during a coherent scatter event.

true

The primary beam is a ______ beam.

heterogenous

During this form of attenuation, the beam passes through the body with no interaction with atomic structures.

transmission

Scatter causes an effect on the final image that is called _______.

fog

In regards to the patient, which of the following impact beam attenuation - part thickness - tissue type - tissue density

all of the above

T/F - Energy level of the beam impacts attenuation.

true

Beam attenuation increases roughly __% for each 4-5 cm of increased tissue thickness.

50%

Tissues comprised of atoms with low atomic numbers present ____ opportunities for scatter or absorption to occur.

less

This is the amount of matter per unit volume.

density

An x-ray beam's quality is also referred to as it's ____

penetrability

Absorption is responsible for the ____ color of an image

white

Transmission is responsible for the ____ color of an image

black

Scatter is responsible for the ____ color of an image

grey

T/F - High contrast means the image has a lot of greyscale.

false

T/F - Low contrast means the image is mostly black and white.

false

Less than __% of the primary beam reaches the image receptor

Film-screen, CR, and DR all use cassette-based technology.

false

In terms of dynamic range, a ____ range is preferred.

wide

____ can occur when an image receptor is over exposed.

saturation

Image brightness can be adjusted by adjusting:

window level and exposure factors

These are numeric values that indicate the amount of radiation an image receptor receives.

EI numbers and S numbers

The exhibited difference in brightness levels within an image.

contrast

The absorption characteristics of the tissues being imaged.

subject contrast

T/F - An abdomen has greater subject contrast than a chest.

false

T/F - The quality of a radiographic beam effects the way it may be attenuated.

true

Pixel size =

FOV/matrix size

The term used to evaluate the accuracy of anatomical structural lines.

spatial resolution

T/F - Pixel size is the primary factor that affects spatial resolution.

true

T/F - Spatial frequency has no impact on spatial resolution.

false

T/F - Larger objects have larger spatial frequency.

false

The measurement of how efficiently an image receptor is in converting x-ray exposure it receives into a quality radiographic image.

DQE

Phosphor layers of the PSP can be of two types. ____ means that the crystals are randomly distributed, ____ means that the crystals are columnar, resembling needles standing on end, that are densely packed together

turbid, structured

T/F - When a PSP is irradiated, electrons get trapped in the conduction band, just outside of the valence.

true

CCD/CMOS are used in direct capture methods.

false

This DR component does what a PSP does in CR systems.

scintillator/photodetector

T/F - TFTs are used in direct capture methods.

true

Sampling frequency must be at least ____ times that of input frequency bandwidth.

S numbers are ____ proportional

inversely

EI numbers are ____ proportional

directly

____ is the main controller of contrast in film-screen imaging.

kVp

____ is the main controller of contrast in digital imaging

LUT

Scatter, in the diagnostic range, is mostly due to ____.

compton effect

T/F - Collimation and field size are directly proportional.

false

Increasing collimation ____ scatter production.

decreases

Increasing collimation _____ contrast.

increases

T/F - A tightly collimated primary beam uses the same amount of mAs as a poorly collimated primary beam to achieve the same level of exposure.

false

T/F - When increasing collimation, kVp should be increased.

false

T/F - Focused grids can be used at any SID.

false

When going from no grid to a 10:1 grid, you have to multiply your original mAs by ____.

When going from no grid to a 5:1 grid, you have to multiply your original mAs by ___.

T/F - Using two grids at the same time can cause Moire effect.

true

Fluoroscopy is used to produce ____ images.

dynamic

____ is a hollow air-filled cell connected to a timer circuit via wire.

ionization chamber

T/F - Phototimers are the most commonly used form of AEC today.

false

T/F - Raising kVp when using AEC increases exposure time.

false

T/F - Increasing mA will increase exposure time.

false

In general, backup time should be set to terminate when the exposure has reached ____% of the desired exposure.

150-200

T/F - Collimation has no effect on AEC.

false

When performing QA measures on an AEC system, the system should be able to provide multiple exposures with mR readings with __% of each other.

T/F - Exposure technique charts that are based around variable kVp are the best because they do not alter contrast.

false

Amorphous selenium is used in ____.

direct DR

Amorphous silicon is used in ____.

indirect DR