Ch. 8 Image Production Flashcards

1
Q

the x-ray photons removed from the x-ray beam as a result of the uptake of their energy by body tissues

A

absorption

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2
Q

reduction in the energy or number of photons in the primary x-ray beam after it interacts with anatomic tissue

A

attenuation

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3
Q

an interaction that occurs with low-energy x-rays, typically below the diagnostic range. The incoming photon interacts with the atom, causing it to become excited. The x-ray does not lose energy but changes direction

A

coherent scattering

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4
Q

scattering that results from the loss of some energy of the incoming photon when it ejects an outer-shell electron from a tissue atom

A

Compton effect

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5
Q

the electron ejected from an atom during a Compton scattering event

A

Compton electron

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6
Q

used to describe the ability of the imaging system to distinguish between small objects that attenuate the x-ray beam similarly in digital imaging

A

contrast resolution

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7
Q

the difference between the x-ray photons that are absorbed photoelectrically versus those that penetrate the body

A

differential absorption

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8
Q

the range of exposure intensities that an image receptor can respond to and acquire image data

A

dynamic range

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9
Q

the attenuated x-ray beam leaves the patient and is composed of both transmitted and scattered radiation; also called remnant radiation

A

exit radiation

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10
Q

the use of a continuous beam of x-rays to create dynamic images of internal structures that can be viewed on a display monitor

A

fluoroscopy

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11
Q

unwanted exposure on the radiographic image that does not provide any diagnostic information

A

fog

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12
Q

a device that receives the radiation leaving the patient

A

image receptor

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13
Q

the removal of an electron from an atom

A

ionization

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14
Q

the invisible image that exists on the image receptor before it has been processed

A

latent image

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15
Q

the visible radiographic image on the exposed detector after processing

A

manifest image

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16
Q

combination of rows and columns (array) of pixels that make up a digital image

17
Q

in the diagnostic range, the total absorption of the incident photon by ejecting an inner-shell electron of a tissue atom

A

photoelectric effect

18
Q

the electron ejected from an atom during a photoelectric interaction

A

photoelectron

19
Q

picture element; the smallest component of the matric, which is represented as a single brightness level on a computer monitor

20
Q

also called number of bits, it affects the number of shades of gray available for image display

A

pixel bit depth

21
Q

the attenuated x-ray beam leaving the patient that is composed of both transmitted and scattered radiation; also called exit radiation

A

remnant radiation

22
Q

incoming photons are not absorbed but instead lose energy during interactions with the atoms composing the tissue

A

scattering

23
Q

the ejected electron resulting from the Compton effect interaction; also called Compton electron

A

secondary electron

24
Q

matter per unit volume, or the compactness of the atomic particles composing the anatomic part

A

tissue density

25
x-ray photons that pass through the body to expose the image receptor
transmission
26
occurs when the primary x-ray beam loses energy as it interacts with anatomic tissues
attenuation
27
what is beam attenuation affected by
- tissue thickness - atomic number - tissue density - x-ray beam quality
28
x-rays can eject electrons from atoms within anatomic tissue called
ionization
29
3 primary processes that occur during x-ray interaction with anatomic tissues
- absorption - transmission - scattering
30
total absorption of the incoming x-ray photon is a result of what
photoelectric effect
31
scattering of the incoming x-ray photon is a result of what
Compton effect
32
this determines the available shades of gray to display the digital image or its contrast resolution
pixel bit depth
33
what type of dynamic range do digital IRs have
wide dynamic range
34
what type of dynamic range do film-screen IRs have
limited dynamic range
35
this allows imaging of the movement of internal structure for viewing on a display monitor
fluoroscopy
36
what describes the process of radiographic image formation
differential absorption
37
the range of exposure intensities an image receptor can accurately detect defines what
dynamic range
38
what will increasing the pixel bit depth do
increase contrast resolution
39
what type of imaging system uses an intensifying screen to convert x-rays to visible light
film-screen