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Physics 2 > Ch. 13 Exposure Technique Selection > Flashcards

Ch. 13 Exposure Technique Selection Flashcards

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1
Q

a system that controls the duration of the exposure, thereby controlling the amount of radiation that is used

A

AEC - automatic exposure control

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2
Q

what are the 2 types of AEC radiation detector systems

A
  • phototimers
  • ionization chambers
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3
Q

these use a fluorescent screen coupled with a photomultiplier (PM) tube or a photodiode

A

phototimers

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4
Q

these convert light into electrical signal

A

photomulitplier (PM) tubes and photodiodes

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5
Q

phototimer AECs are what type of devices

A

exit-type - radiation passes through the IR before it can be measure and used to terminate exposure

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6
Q

what are most AEC devices now

A

ionization chambers

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7
Q

a hollow cell filled with air, connected to a timer circuit via electrical wire

A

ionization chamber

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8
Q

ionization chambers are what type of devices

A

entrance-type - positioned in front of the IR

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9
Q

what do ionization chambers measure

A

DAP

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10
Q

which AEC device is less sophisticated and less accurate

A

ionization chambers

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11
Q

which AEC device is less prone for failure

A

ionization chambers

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12
Q

AEC only controls this

A

quantity of radiation

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13
Q

does AEC have an effect on contrast

A

no

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14
Q

using a higher kVp with AEC will result in this

A

shorter exposure time

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15
Q

using lower kVp with AEC will result in this

A

longer exposure time

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16
Q

lower mA will result in this

A

longer exposure time

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17
Q

this is the shortest exposure time that a system can produce

A

minimum response

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18
Q

is minimum response time usually longer with AEC systems

A

yes

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19
Q

maximum length of time an exposure can go when using AEC

A

backup time

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20
Q

when setting a backup timer, the tech should set it to terminate the exposure at what percent of the desired exposure

A

150-200%

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21
Q

exposure adjustment is also known as this

A

density controls

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22
Q

AEC is designed to compensate for changes in this

A

patient thickness

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23
Q

destructive pathologies may cause this (using AEC)

A

underexposure

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24
Q

additive pathologies can cause this (using AEC)

A

overexposure

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25
Q

a series of pre-built exposure techniques that a radiographer can quickly select from when preparing to image a patient

A

anatomic programming

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26
Q

exposures need to be able to be reproduced using the same technical factors that provide mR reading within ___% of each other, and with pixel brightness levels within ___% of each other

A

5%, 30%

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27
Q

how much is kVp increased for every cm increase in part thickness

A

2

28
Q

mAs is adjusted by a factor of 2 for every how many cm change in part thickness

A

4-5 cm

29
Q

do fiberglass casts require technique change

A

no

30
Q

do plaster casts require technique changes

A

yes

31
Q

do splints require a technique change

A

not unless stabilizing piece is over anatomy of interest

32
Q

if the disease is an additive pathology what do you need to do to technique

A

increase

33
Q

if the disease is a destructive pathology what do you need to do to technique

A

decrease

34
Q

how does positive contrast show up on an x-ray

A

lighter

35
Q

how does negative contrast show up on an x-ray

A

darker

36
Q

what might you need to do to technique when using a positive contrast

A

increase

37
Q

what might you need to do to technique when using a negative contrast

A

typically no change

38
Q

what type of disease is an aortic aneurysm

A

additive

39
Q

what type of disease is ascites

A

additive

40
Q

what type of disease is cirrhosis

A

additive

41
Q

what type of disease is hypertrophy

A

additive

42
Q

what type of disease is a bowel obstruction

A

destructive

43
Q

what type of disease is free air

A

destructive

44
Q

what type of disease is atelectasis

A

additive

45
Q

what type of disease is congestive heart failure

A

additive

46
Q

what type of disease is malignancy

A

additive

47
Q

what type of disease is pleural effusion

A

additive

48
Q

what type of disease is pneumonia

A

additive

49
Q

what type of disease is emphysema

A

destructive

50
Q

what type of disease is pneumothorax

A

destructive

51
Q

what type of disease is hydrocephalus

A

additive

52
Q

what type of disease is metastases (osteoblastic)

A

additive

53
Q

what type of disease is osteochondroma

A

additive

54
Q

what type of disease is paget disease (late stage)

A

additive

55
Q

what type of disease is gout

A

destructive

56
Q

what type of disease is metastases (osteolytic)

A

destructive

57
Q

what type of disease is multiple myeloma

A

destructive

58
Q

what type of disease is paget disease (early stage)

A

destructive

59
Q

what type of disease is an abscess

A

additive

60
Q

what type of disease is edema

A

additive

61
Q

what type of disease is sclerosis

A

additive

62
Q

what type of disease is atrophy

A

destructive

63
Q

what type of disease is emaciation

A

destructive

64
Q

what type of disease is malnutrition

A

destructive

65
Q

diseases or conditions that increase the absorption characteristics of the part, making it more difficult to penetrate

A

additive diseases

66
Q

diseases or conditions that decrease the absorption characteristics of the part, making the part less difficult to penetrate

A

destructive diseases

Physics 2 (16 decks)

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