Final Exam Flashcards
Music Therapy
use music/sounds to produce desired changes in behaviors, emotions, physiological process
influence limbic system (involved with emotions/feelings)
sound baths
Acupuncture
fine needles placed at specific meridian points on body
used to reduce pain: prevent/manage disorders
Acupressure
also works on same premise but uses pressure points as opposed to needle
stimulation of meridian point by hand pressure
no oil needed, can be done with person clothed
Energy Therapies
human are composed of energy field; they interact with the energy field of environment
Energy healing
Reiki: japanese “universal spirit”
therapeutic touch
prayer
Mind Body Medicine:
Qigong
Tai Chi
Yoga
dance therapy
Guided imagery:
facilitating body responses to sensory image in mind
imagery used to access “inner pharmacy” of endorphine to promote well being
Meditation
Hypnosis:
narrows consciousness; elicits relaxation, inertia, passivity, used for conditions such as stoping smoking, anxiety pain
Manipulative and Body-based
chiropractic
physical therapy
massage:
manipulation of soft tissue of body: involves stroking, kneading, pulling or pinching
Reflexology:
deeply applied pressure to mapped points on feet and/or hand to relieve tension
pressure points correspond to organs of the body that will be stimulated by pressure
Biological based:
nutrition counseling
probiotics
hydrotherapy
aromatherapy: use of aromatic plant material/essential oils
NCCIH
National Center For Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Categories of CAM modalities
1. biologically based
2. manipulative and body- based practice
3. mind-body technique
4. energy therapy
Herbal Therapy:
use of herbs of their chemical property to treat specific conditions or to enhance the function of various body system
act on the body like other prescription medication and can interact with other drugs. encourage patient to talk with physician
Holistic vs allopathic:
allopathic focuses on identifying disease and conditions by a physician or other mid level practitioner
Holistic care understands that people are not just physical bodies: people have emotional, spiritual, and relationshop aspects involved with well being that combine with the physcial body to make the whole person
St Johns Wort
depression
Echinacea
Immune Booster
Milk Thistle
Liver ailments
Saw Palmetto
prostate health
Garlic
Asthma, diabetes, cholesterol
Ginseng
memory
Black Cohosh
menopause
Defining Physical activity in health:
bodily movement that is produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles and that substantially increases energy expenidure
sports
recreational activities
exercise training
Primary Prevention
Benefits to the aging adult:
increase life span
prevent disability and hospitalization
improve blood lipid profiles
reduce body fat
protect bone density
enhance balance
rejuvenate joints
Exercise and HTN
systematic review of studies 2018
endurance
dynamic resistance
isometric resistance
low-mod aerobic activity
Handgrip activity
Benefits of exercise
low back pain
fibromyalgia
immune function
mental health
Exercise Prescription using FITT:
Frequency:
aerobic exercise 3-5 times/week
resistance training 2-3 times/week
Intensity:
moderate to rigorous
resistance exercise 8-12 reps
Time:
20-60 minutes plus warm up/cool down
15-30 minites series resistance exercise
Type:
Aerobic
resistance training
Flexibility and Stretching:
increases joint ROM
mild discomfort but no pain
hold 10-20 seconds and repeat
Aerobic Exercise:
Borg Rating for perceived Exertion (RPE):
subjective rating of sensations associated with intensity of work
Heart rate (HR) has strong relationships with exercise intensity/aerobic capacity
corresponds well to metabolic responses to exercise (HR, oxygen consumption)
attention to RPE: helps develop sense of body awareness and body responds to exercise
Duration recommendation: 20-60 min
less 20:minimal benefits more than 60 potential injury
Warm up and cool downs;
Warm up: 5-10 min
light stretch
prepares M-S system
Prepares cardio-resp system
Cool Down: 5-10 min
slow readjustment to baseline
stretching: incr muscle elasticity, prevent blood pooling, reduce body heat
Hydration:
weather considerations
Sports Drink: 4-8% CHO, 20-30 meq Na 2-5 meg K/liter is best combo
ACSM guidelines on fluid replacement
drink 16 to 20 oz of water 4 hours before the start of exercise
drink 3-8 oz water q 15-20 min while exercising if more than 1 hr planned
drink 20-24 oz of fluid for every pound of body weight lost after exercise
MD/APRN Clearance:
men 40 +
women 50+ who plan on vigorous regimen
those with chronic illness
those with risk factors for chronc disease
assessing Stress levels:
asking how particular events impact an indiviudal
different people respond/cope in different ways
stress measurement tool:
perceived stress scale
Interventions of stress:
monitoring warning signs
practicing relaxation technique
mini- relaxations
CAM
expressive writing
healthy diet
physical activity
sleep hygiene
cognitive- behavorial restructure
affirmations
social support
assertive communication
engaging in healthy pleasures
spiritual practice
clarifying values and beliefs
realistic goals
humor
Socio- behavioral effects on stress:
stress response: individual reliance on less healthy behaviors
overeating
excessive use alcohol/drugs
smoking
social isolation
Psychological Effects
contributory role in negative mood status
anxiety, depression, hostility, anger
elevated corticals levels: immune system response- duration, intensity, and timing are a factor
affects health outcomes, esp in key population (elderly, terminally ill, caregiver)
quality of life
depressive symtpms
increased degree of suffering
Nursing Role:
Educator: Risk, managing
Advocacy: helps individuals obtain what they are entitled to receive from health care system, tries to make system more responsive to individual and community needs, and helps person develop skills to advocate for themselves
Care manager: acts to prevent duplicate of services and cost
Consultant: sharing specialized knowledge
deliverer of service
healer
researcher
Formal definitions of health:
old definition: health is the absence of disease
Current Text definition: health is now defined as a state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person potential and is experienced in developmental context
WHO: health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease
Cause of Death:
early mid- 1900s
infectious disease: young adult and children
Health= absense of disease
people did not live long enough to die from other diseases
Now:
heart disease, chronic conditions, diabetes, cancer
50% of early death= lifestyle
level of prevention:
Primary: things that are done before disease sets in, serves to prevent disease: Interventions that protect and defend the body: decreases risk of getting disease: health education, immunization, specfic nutrients, protection from carcinogen
Secondary: goal is to find a disease early. Interventions that serve to identify and detect disease at an early stage: TO FIND OUT: screening, breast exams
Tertiary: restore and rehabilitate when disability is permanent: maximize what is left: optimize functioning
Healthy people 2030
call to action by US dept of health
set national goals aimed at improving health of country, focus on health promotion activites
Overarching Goals:
attain healthy, thriving live and well being free of preventable disease, disability, injury, premature death
eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity, and attain health literacy to improve the health and well being of all
create social, physical, and economic environments that promote attaining full potential for health and well being of all
promote healthy development, healthy behaviors, and well being accross all life stages
engage leadership, key constituents, and the publc across multiple sectors to take action and design policy that improve health and wellbeing for all
Validity + sensitivity + specificity:
how well the test distinguishes between diseased and non diseased state.. ideal is 100%
Sensitivity: proportion of people with connection to test positive
Specificty:the proportion of people without a condition who correctly test negative
Regliability: an assessment of reproductivty of test results when different testes at different time + condition
screenable population:
Age: risk changes with age
Gender: risk different for males and female
Men=prostate women+ mammogram
Ethnic group: Hispanic diabetes African American: hypertension
education/income level
Family System Theory:
looking at family from a systems point of view
all rely on one another to function
patterns of living among individuals within family
unique culture value system, history
all parts are connected
works together to function (role flexability)
Developmental theory:
looking at the family from developmental point of view
focus on different stages family go through
stages build on one another
failure in earlier stage may lead to difficulty
does not account for diversity
Risk Factor Theory:
looking at the family from a risk factor point of view
lifestyle: active, nutrition, smoking
Biological: genetic makeup “run in family”
Environmental: save water, air, housing
Social, psychological culture, spiritual
healthcare system
4 concepts of health:
- clinical: health is the absence of health: do not use preventative health services
2: Role performance: if you can perform your role in society you are “healthy”
3: Adaptive: health is the ability to adjust positvetly to social, mental, and physiological changes
4: eudaimonistic: health = wellbeing: interaction between physical, social, psychological, and spiritual of life
