Final Exam

Question 1

China announced a 1-child only program in 1979 which psychologists used to study how the family structure affects children’s development. What were the results of this study?

Answer 1

There’s no difference between the social behavior and personality of only childs and other children
-Why: as only childs become more common, they were less likely to be spoiled

Question 2

What are the 3 functions of families in child rearing?

Answer 2

1. Ensure survival of offspring by providing for their needs
2. Economic function: provide means for children to get the skills and resources they need to be economically productive adults
3. Cultural training: teach children basic values of the culture

Question 3

What are the 3 factors that influence family dynamics and its ability to child-rear?

Answer 3

1. Direct/indirect influence of family members on one another; change in relationships/family structure
2. Social support from environment (ex. church)
3. Change of dynamics over time as child ages

Question 4

Why does the feelings of closeness and support between parents and their children decrease during adolescence/puberty?

Answer 4

Adolescents want autonomy (independence) and newfound interests outside the home

Question 5

Define: SOCIALIZATION

Answer 5

Process through which children acquire the values, standards, skills, knowledge, and behaviors that’re regarded as appropriate to their present and future roles in their particular culture

Question 6

What are the 3 ways that parents can influence their child’s socialization skill development?

Answer 6

1. Act as direct instructors–explicitly teach them skills, rules, and strategies and provide advice
2. Act as indirect socializers–transmit skills, rules, and attitudes in the course of everyday interactions w/ children
3. Act as providers/controllers of opportunities–via their management of children’s experiences and social lives

Question 7

What are the 2 important dimensions/degrees of parenting style?

Answer 7

1. Level of parental warmth, support, and acceptance vs parental rejection and nonresponsiveness
2. Level of parental control and demandingness

Question 8

What are Baumrind’s 4 parenting styles?

Answer 8

1. Authoritative Parenting
2. Authoritarian Parenting
3. Permissive Parenting
4. Disengaged Parenting

Question 9

Define: Authoritative Parenting

Answer 9

Supportive: parent is accepting and child-centered
Demanding: Parent expects much of child
-relationship is reciprocal, responsive; high in bidirectional communication

Question 10

Define: Authoritarian Parenting

Answer 10

Unsupportive: parent is rejecting and parent-centered
Demanding: Parent expects much of child
-Relationship is controlling, power-assertive; high in unidirectional communication

Question 11

Define: Permissive Parenting

Answer 11

Supportive: parenting is accepting and child-centered
Undemanding: parent expects little of child
-Relationship is indulgent; low in control attempts

Question 12

Define: Disengaged Parenting

Answer 12

Unsupportive: Parent is rejecting and parent-centered
Undemanding: Parent expects little of child
-Relationship is rejecting/neglecting; uninvolved