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PSY 100: General Psychology > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

How many paragraphs should an essay have?

A

as many as it takes to fulfill the prompt

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2
Q

What are scientifically supported study strategies?

A

testing yourself, interleaving, teach someone else.

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3
Q

Falsifiable

A

they can be proven wrong with enough evidence.

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4
Q

Why is replication important?

A

validates the findings.

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5
Q

What type of study can demonstrate a casual relationship?

A

an experiment.

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6
Q

Representative Sample

A

focused on picking people that represent the overall demographics.

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7
Q

Random Sample

A

everyone has the same chance to be picked.

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8
Q

Correlation Coefficients

A

+/-/0,

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9
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

chemical messengers in the brain.

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10
Q

Monozygotic Twins

A

comes from 1 egg that split, share 100% of DNA.

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11
Q

Dizygotic Twins

A

comes from 2 eggs.

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12
Q

If there are differences between monozygotic twins, what must it be due to?

A

environmental influence.

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13
Q

Thalamus

A

relay center of the brain.

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14
Q

3 Divisions of the Brain

A

hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain.

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15
Q

4 Lobes of the Brain:

A

Frontal = higher order thinking.
Occipital = sight.
Parietal = senses.
Temporal = hearing, speach.

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16
Q

Amygdala

A

controls fear and aggression.

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17
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

evolved from natural selection.

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18
Q

Absolute Threshold

A

the minimum stimulus needed to detect something.

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19
Q

Difference Threshold

A

the amount of change needed for you to sense change.

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20
Q

Hormones

A

chemical messengers in the blood, slower.

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21
Q

Endorphins

A

natural pain killers.

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22
Q

Sex Assigned at Birth

A

determined at genes.

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23
Q

Cones

A

detect color.

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24
Q

Rods

A

detects gray/black/white.

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25
Q

4 Parenting Styles:

A

Authoritative = I have a reason for you to listen.
Authoritarian = because I said so.
Negligence/Uninvolved = not there.
Permissive = free range.

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26
Q

Discrimination (classical conditioning)

A

something similar happens but can tell difference, do not salivate at sound of doorbell.

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27
Q

Extinction (classical conditioning)

A

when it goes away, do not have a response, don’t salivate at bell.

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28
Q

Acquisition (classical conditioning)

A

when you gain the skill, first time salivating at bell.

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29
Q

Generalization (classical conditioning)

A

cannot differentiate between similar sounds, salivate at doorbell.

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30
Q

Gender

A

the way you feel, cultural construct.

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31
Q

Gustation

A

taste in response to chemicals.

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32
Q

Pavlov’s Experiment on Classical Conditioning

A

trained his dog to salivate at the sound of a bell.

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33
Q

Positive (operant conditioning)

A

adding something new.

34
Q

Negative (operant conditioning)

A

taking something away.

35
Q

Reinforcement (operant conditioning)

A

do more of that!

36
Q

Punishment (operant conditioning)

A

dont do that!

37
Q

Social Learning Theory

A

learn from observing and imitating others.

38
Q

Gender Identity

A

how you feel, not determined by genes.

39
Q

Olfaction

A

smell in response to chemicals.

40
Q

Zone of Proximal Development

A

the area where you can learn something new with help.

41
Q

When does adolescence start?

A

puberty.

42
Q

Personality

A

fundamentally a pattern of how you think and behave.

43
Q

Informative Social Influence

A

think other people know something you don’t, so you conform.

44
Q

Normative Social Influence

A

want to be seen as normal, do what others do.

45
Q

When are we more likely to be attracted to someone?

A

proximity, similarities.

46
Q

Bystander Effect

A

if someone needs help, if there are a lot of other people around you don’t help because you think others will step in.

47
Q

Solomon Asch’s Conformity Study

A

the lines, will agree with group even if obviously wrong.

48
Q

Are repressed memories real?

A

no, but can forget things in response to traumatic events/dissociation.

49
Q

Stanley Milgram’s Study on Obedience to Authority

A

shocking person, will follow an authority figure even if wrong.

50
Q

Just-World Phenomenon

A

believing good things happen to good people, bad things happen to bad people, karma.

51
Q

Reciprocal Determinism

A

theory of personality that your own personal factors, environmental behaviors, and personality influence your actions.

52
Q

What 3 factors compose prejudice?

A

discrimination, stereotypes, negative emotions.

53
Q

When are memories used for eye-witness testimony most likely to be accurate?

A

when you don’t get asked leading questions, person is above the age of 4, not under hypnosis.

54
Q

Social Identity Theory

A

we base our identity on our social groups.

55
Q

Atkinson & Shifrin’s 3 Step Memory Model

A

sensory > short-term > long-term.

56
Q

Big 5 Personality Traits

A

O = openness to experience.
C = conscientiousness.
E = extroversion.
A = agreeableness.
N = neuroticism.

57
Q

What is personality mainly determined by?

A

genetics.

58
Q

What 2 things lead to prejudice?

A

the just-world phenomenon and in-group/out-group bias.

59
Q

What is correlated with longer-lasting relationships?

A

supporting your partner, having more positive than negative interactions (5 to 1), being vulnerable, sharing responsibilities.

60
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

the tendency people have to attribute others’ actions to their character.

61
Q

Stereotype

A

believe people look a certain way based on actions, etc.

62
Q

4 D’s of Psychopathology:

A

danger, distress, dysfunction, deviance.

63
Q

What are eating disorders really about?

A

control.

64
Q

What are dissociative disorders always the result of?

A

traumatic events.

65
Q

What are the 2 most common psychological disorders?

A

generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder.

66
Q

Neurodevelopmental Disorder

A

ADHD, autism.

67
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A

characterized by impulsive, irresponsible and often criminal behavior.

68
Q

Schizophrenia

A

experience hallucinations.

69
Q

Medical Model of Psychological Disorders

A

not a moral failing, and can be treated with the right approach.

70
Q

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A

experience flashbacks, depression, unwelcome thoughts/memories of traumatic event.

71
Q

Mania

A

very unsafe and scary, deriving down highway at 200mph, maxing out credit cards.

72
Q

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A

different brain structures that causes this, not moral/work harder situation.

73
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A

cannot be caused/cured by vaccines, involves deficits in social situations and repetitive/restrictive behaviors.

74
Q

Is therapy effective?

A

yes!

75
Q

Therapeutic Orientation

A

approach/style of therapy.

76
Q

What accounts for most change in therapy?

A

outside factors.

77
Q

What are the APA Ethical Codes for?

A

required to abide by them.

78
Q

Insight-based Therapies

A

help people understand themselves better.

79
Q

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

A

about changing behaviors and thoughts.

80
Q

Dodo Bird Verdict

A

all therapies are as effective as each other.

81
Q

What 3 things are common to all psychotherapies?

A

forming a therapeutic alliance, generating hope, and gaining new perspective.

82
Q

Unconditional Positive Regard

A

no matter what happens you will respect and not judge them.

PSY 100: General Psychology (5 decks)

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