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PSY 100: General Psychology > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

How many paragraphs should an essay have?

A

as many as it takes to fulfill the prompt

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2
Q

What are scientifically supported study strategies?

A

testing yourself, interleaving, teach someone else.

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3
Q

Falsifiable

A

they can be proven wrong with enough evidence.

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4
Q

Why is replication important?

A

validates the findings.

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5
Q

What type of study can demonstrate a casual relationship?

A

an experiment.

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6
Q

Representative Sample

A

focused on picking people that represent the overall demographics.

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7
Q

Random Sample

A

everyone has the same chance to be picked.

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8
Q

Correlation Coefficients

A

+/-/0,

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9
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

chemical messengers in the brain.

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10
Q

Monozygotic Twins

A

comes from 1 egg that split, share 100% of DNA.

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11
Q

Dizygotic Twins

A

comes from 2 eggs.

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12
Q

If there are differences between monozygotic twins, what must it be due to?

A

environmental influence.

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13
Q

Thalamus

A

relay center of the brain.

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14
Q

3 Divisions of the Brain

A

hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain.

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15
Q

4 Lobes of the Brain:

A

Frontal = higher order thinking.
Occipital = sight.
Parietal = senses.
Temporal = hearing, speach.

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16
Q

Amygdala

A

controls fear and aggression.

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17
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

evolved from natural selection.

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18
Q

Absolute Threshold

A

the minimum stimulus needed to detect something.

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19
Q

Difference Threshold

A

the amount of change needed for you to sense change.

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20
Q

Hormones

A

chemical messengers in the blood, slower.

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21
Q

Endorphins

A

natural pain killers.

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22
Q

Sex Assigned at Birth

A

determined at genes.

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23
Q

Cones

A

detect color.

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24
Q

Rods

A

detects gray/black/white.

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25
4 Parenting Styles:
Authoritative = I have a reason for you to listen. Authoritarian = because I said so. Negligence/Uninvolved = not there. Permissive = free range.
26
Discrimination (classical conditioning)
something similar happens but can tell difference, do not salivate at sound of doorbell.
27
Extinction (classical conditioning)
when it goes away, do not have a response, don't salivate at bell.
28
Acquisition (classical conditioning)
when you gain the skill, first time salivating at bell.
29
Generalization (classical conditioning)
cannot differentiate between similar sounds, salivate at doorbell.
30
Gender
the way you feel, cultural construct.
31
Gustation
taste in response to chemicals.
32
Pavlov's Experiment on Classical Conditioning
trained his dog to salivate at the sound of a bell.
33
Positive (operant conditioning)
adding something new.
34
Negative (operant conditioning)
taking something away.
35
Reinforcement (operant conditioning)
do more of that!
36
Punishment (operant conditioning)
dont do that!
37
Social Learning Theory
learn from observing and imitating others.
38
Gender Identity
how you feel, not determined by genes.
39
Olfaction
smell in response to chemicals.
40
Zone of Proximal Development
the area where you can learn something new with help.
41
When does adolescence start?
puberty.
42
Personality
fundamentally a pattern of how you think and behave.
43
Informative Social Influence
think other people know something you don't, so you conform.
44
Normative Social Influence
want to be seen as normal, do what others do.
45
When are we more likely to be attracted to someone?
proximity, similarities.
46
Bystander Effect
if someone needs help, if there are a lot of other people around you don't help because you think others will step in.
47
Solomon Asch's Conformity Study
the lines, will agree with group even if obviously wrong.
48
Are repressed memories real?
no, but can forget things in response to traumatic events/dissociation.
49
Stanley Milgram's Study on Obedience to Authority
shocking person, will follow an authority figure even if wrong.
50
Just-World Phenomenon
believing good things happen to good people, bad things happen to bad people, karma.
51
Reciprocal Determinism
theory of personality that your own personal factors, environmental behaviors, and personality influence your actions.
52
What 3 factors compose prejudice?
discrimination, stereotypes, negative emotions.
53
When are memories used for eye-witness testimony most likely to be accurate?
when you don't get asked leading questions, person is above the age of 4, not under hypnosis.
54
Social Identity Theory
we base our identity on our social groups.
55
Atkinson & Shifrin's 3 Step Memory Model
sensory > short-term > long-term.
56
Big 5 Personality Traits
O = openness to experience. C = conscientiousness. E = extroversion. A = agreeableness. N = neuroticism.
57
What is personality mainly determined by?
genetics.
58
What 2 things lead to prejudice?
the just-world phenomenon and in-group/out-group bias.
59
What is correlated with longer-lasting relationships?
supporting your partner, having more positive than negative interactions (5 to 1), being vulnerable, sharing responsibilities.
60
Fundamental Attribution Error
the tendency people have to attribute others' actions to their character.
61
Stereotype
believe people look a certain way based on actions, etc.
62
4 D's of Psychopathology:
danger, distress, dysfunction, deviance.
63
What are eating disorders really about?
control.
64
What are dissociative disorders always the result of?
traumatic events.
65
What are the 2 most common psychological disorders?
generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder.
66
Neurodevelopmental Disorder
ADHD, autism.
67
Antisocial Personality Disorder
characterized by impulsive, irresponsible and often criminal behavior.
68
Schizophrenia
experience hallucinations.
69
Medical Model of Psychological Disorders
not a moral failing, and can be treated with the right approach.
70
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
experience flashbacks, depression, unwelcome thoughts/memories of traumatic event.
71
Mania
very unsafe and scary, deriving down highway at 200mph, maxing out credit cards.
72
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
different brain structures that causes this, not moral/work harder situation.
73
Autism Spectrum Disorder
cannot be caused/cured by vaccines, involves deficits in social situations and repetitive/restrictive behaviors.
74
Is therapy effective?
yes!
75
Therapeutic Orientation
approach/style of therapy.
76
What accounts for most change in therapy?
outside factors.
77
What are the APA Ethical Codes for?
required to abide by them.
78
Insight-based Therapies
help people understand themselves better.
79
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
about changing behaviors and thoughts.
80
Dodo Bird Verdict
all therapies are as effective as each other.
81
What 3 things are common to all psychotherapies?
forming a therapeutic alliance, generating hope, and gaining new perspective.
82
Unconditional Positive Regard
no matter what happens you will respect and not judge them.

PSY 100: General Psychology (5 decks)

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