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PSY 100: General Psychology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

rods

A

detect black, white, and grey.

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2
Q

cones

A

detect color and fine details.

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3
Q

perceptual adaptation

A

senses adapt to when perception/vision is changed.

(guy on the bike with goggles on)

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4
Q

audition

A

hearing, sound waves physically move eardrum.

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5
Q

eardrum

A

first part of hearing process, sound waves strike eardrum.

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6
Q

what sounds do humans hear best?

A

human voices.

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7
Q

what are the 4 basic/distinct senses?

A

pressure, warmth, cold, and pain.

(we cannot feel wetness)

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8
Q

cochlea

A

inner ear, filled with fluid to help with hearing and vestibular sense (balance).

(snail)

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9
Q

auditory nerve

A

nerve that transports messages from inner ear to the temporal lobe.

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10
Q

endorphins

A

natural pain killers.

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11
Q

gustation

A

taste, sense chemicals in food.

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12
Q

olfaction

A

smell, sense chemicals in the air.

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13
Q

kinesthesia

A

awareness of body position and movement in space.

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14
Q

vestibular sense

A

balance, head position.

(car sickness)

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15
Q

what are the 5 taste sensations?

A

sweet, sour, salty, bitter, unmami.

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16
Q

what is pain for?

A

to show us something is wrong.

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17
Q

what are the 7 sensory systems?

A

auditory, touch, pain, gustation, olfaction, kinesthesia, and vestibular.

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18
Q

motor development

A

how kids develope movement, same timeline for all.

(first sit up, then stand, then walk, etc.)

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19
Q

skill development

A

developing skills, different timelines based on culture.

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20
Q

sensorimotor

A

if i see it it exists, object permenance.

(peekaboo with babies works)

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21
Q

preoperational

A

point where they know things can be changed, but still based on what you can see.

(smashing paydough, taller one has more)

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22
Q

conservation

A

type of transformation kids in preoperational can’t understand.

(think skinny glass has more water than fatter glass but still the same)

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23
Q

concrete operational

A

you understand conservation, can do mental operations, things represent other things.

(imagination, playing house)

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24
Q

formal operational

A

abstract reasoning, can view things from other perspectives, ambiguous topics.

(math with letters)

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25
Q

zone of proximal developement

A

there is a zone where people learn the most, where you can do something with help.

(Vygotsky) (play sports with people at the same level)

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26
Q

what influences the social developement and attatchement syles in infancy and childhood?

A

body contact, familiarity, strange situations.

27
Q

what physical developements occur during adolescence?

(in the brain)

A

growth of myelin (think quickly), and frontal lobe lagging behind limbic system (unable to process emotion).

28
Q

adolescence

A

starts formally at puberty.

29
Q

identity

A

the main conflict of adolescence.

30
Q

classical conditioning

A

(pavlov’s dog), preparing for good/bad events.

31
Q

neutral stimulus

A

the bell at the beginning, when it means nothing.

(doesnt create automatic response)

32
Q

unconditioned stimulus

A

after you learn the association, the meat.

(creates unconditioned response)

33
Q

unconditioned response

A

salivate at the meat.

(response to stimulus automatically without thinking)

34
Q

conditioned stimulus

A

the bell after the dog learned it was meat.

(stimulus produces a certain response)

35
Q

conditioned response

A

salivating at the sound of the bell.

(response through learned stimulation)

36
Q

acquisition

A

the initial stage of classical conditioning, acquiring the association, learn bell means meat.

37
Q

extinction

A

when it goes away, acquisition stops, ringing bell without meat, stop salivating.

38
Q

generalization

A

if the doorbell rang and dog salivated, anything in sound range of bell means meat, ptsd.

(apply the association to more than just the conditioned stimulus)

39
Q

discrimination

A

opposite of generalization, recognizes differences, can distinguish between bell and doorbell.

40
Q

operant conditioning

A

rewards and punishment.

41
Q

operant chamber

A

reinforce desired behavior.

skinner put pigeons in chamber and they learned to press button to get snack or they get zapped.

42
Q

shaping

A

gradually reward behaviors until desired behavior is achieved.

(dog in box)

43
Q

reinforcement

A

encouraging a certain behavior, do more of this!

44
Q

punishment

A

discouraging a certain behavior, don’t do that!

45
Q

positive reinforcement

A

money for good grades, dog a treat for good behavior.

46
Q

positive punishment

A

getting yelled at for bad grades, adding something to punish someone. running laps for doing poorly in sports.

47
Q

negative reinforcement

A

taking something away to encourage good behavior, taking away jail time.

48
Q

negative punishment

A

taking something away to punish them, taking a phone away.

49
Q

continuous reinforcement

A

rewarded every time you do good/certain thing.

50
Q

partial reinforcement

A

don’t always give dog a treat now that desired behavior is achieved.

51
Q

gender expression

A

clothes, style, hair, etc. how you express your gender identity.

52
Q

gender identity

A

how you identify on the inside. how you feel matches who you are.

53
Q

sex assigned at birth

A

based on genes/chromosomes.

54
Q

intersex

A

combination, not clear which sex organs you have, both.

55
Q

cisgender

A

choose to identify as the sex assigned at birth, matches.

56
Q

transgender

A

identity does not match sex assigned at birth.

57
Q

agender

A

do not identify as any gender.

58
Q

social learning theory

A

the way we learn by observing and imitating other people.

59
Q

what is something you cant sense?

A

wetness

60
Q

what are skills based on?

A

cultural experiences.

61
Q

what are the different parenting styles?

A

authoritative - good one
authoritarian - dictator
negligence - uninvolved
submissive - free range

62
Q

what impacts well being in middle aged people?

A

all of the above

63
Q

is reinforcement or punishment better?

A

reinforcement.

64
Q

what do nonbinary cultural examples teach us?

A

gender is a cultural construct.

PSY 100: General Psychology (5 decks)

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