Final Exam Flashcards
Biopsychosocial Model
Biology: how does their body work
Psychology: current mindset
Social: what do they do, what is around them, who is around them
Open-Ended questions
-use at the beginning
-use when difficulty opening up
-use when clarifying any missing information
Close-Ended questions
-clarify questions
-get specific answers
Graded-Response questions
-quantify experience with a range
-clarify vague answers
-use for goal setting
Multiple-Option Questions
-often visual
-use for patients with difficulty describing
-identify patterns
Pre-Interview
-review chart and Hx
-observe patient’s posture, demeanor, company, movements
-establish first impression
Chief Complaint
-Onset
-Location
-Description/Duration
-Intensity
-Behavior
Injury Descriptions: Aching
Muscular
Injury Descriptions: Burning
Muscular or neural
Injury Descriptions: Shooting, lightning, electrical
Nerve root irritation
Injury Descriptions: Coldness
Blood flow issues
Injury Descriptions: Hotness
inflammation or infection
Injury Descriptions: Clicking, snapping, popping
ligament or tendon dysfunction
Injury Descriptions: Joint locking
Cartilage tear, looseness, misalignment
Injury Descriptions: Global weakness or fatigue
Cardio or pulmonary dysfunction
Injury Descriptions: Whole body pain
-central somatization: chronic pain
Injury Onset: Acute
-quick
Injury Onset: Subacute
-has no timeline, but not chronic
Injury Onset: Chronic
-long term
Injury Onset: Episodic
-Chronic with recent exacerbation
Injury Onset: Insidious
- no plausible explanation
Injury Location
-show location
-describe any movement
Injury Intensity
-pain tools/scales
-numbers
Injury Behaviors
-exacerbating factors
-Alleviating factors
-changes in 24h
24h Pain Pattern
-“Over the course of 24h how does your pain change?”
-joint and back pain
-how does it effect sleep
-how often do you think about your pain
Jt pain worse in AM
-inflammatory
-Ex: RA
Jt pain worse with movement
-degenerative
-OA
Back pain worse in AM and then again in late PM
Disc
Red Flag for Malignancy
Constant intense pain, worse PM, awakes from sleep without relief
Red Flags Requiring Immediate Attention
-anginal pain no relieved in 10-20min
-angina with sweating, nausea, vomiting
-Diabetic client that is confused or lethargic
-onset of incontinence or saddle anesthesia
-anaphylactic shock
Yellow Flags
-proceed with caution
-psychological
ABCs of Radiographs
A: alignment or structures
B: Bone density and textures
C: Cartilage
S: soft tissues
Patient History
-Determine understanding of condition
-determine current interventions from other clinicians (current and other conditions)
-prior level of function
-health habits/risks
-Medications
-past PT experiences
-Family Hx
Patient Environment
-Physical environment
-Living environment/Assistance
-Work/recreation/social/school/sport
Mental Orientation Assessment
-AOx3
-Name, location, current date
Nominal Measures
-categorized
-one or the other
Ordinal Measures
-order/rank is important
Interval Measures
-real numbers that can be manipulated
-have no real 0
ex: ankle circumference
Ratio Measures
-real numbers that can be manipulated
-real 0
ex: goniometer reading, pain scale
Test-Restest Reliability
-reliable accurately and consistently
-stability over time
Intra-Rater Reliability
-reliable accurately and consistently
-same for the same person
Inter-Rater Reliability
-reliable accurately and consistently
-Same for all raters
Face Validity
-does it measure what it claims to
-Does a scale measure weight?
Content Validity
-does it measure the full construct
-Does an ADL insttrument include all ADLs
BATTED
-ADLS: activities of daily living
-Bathing
-Ambulation
-Toileting
-Transfers
-Eating
-Dressing
MDC
-Minimal detectable change
-amount of change that must be achieved to reflect true statistical difference
MCID
-Minimal clinically important difference
-smallest difference in a measured variable that signifies and importance
Global Disability/QoL
-measures overall disability and quality of life
-patient perceptions of how conditions affects their role in society
-broad range of health
Ataxia
-lack of control of body movements
Dysmetria
-error in trajectory
-inability to touch target
Anesthesia
-complete loss of sensation
Hypoesthesia
-abnormally low sensitivity to sensation
Hyperesthesia
-abnormally high sensitivity to sensation
Hypalgesia
-diminished sensitivity to pain
Graphesthesia
-recognizing writing on skin
Hyperalgesia
-incrreased sensitivity to pain
Astereognosis
-inability to recognize familiar object by touch
Atopognosis
-inability to corrrectly locate sensation
Abaragnosis
-inability to distuingiush different weights
Paresthesia
-Abnormal sensation
Dysethesia
-impairment of any sensation
Paralysis
-loss of motor function
Hemiparaplegia
-paralysis of lover half of one side of body
Hemiparesis
-muscular weakness or partial paralysis on one side
Hemiparaesthesia
-pertaining to hemiparesis
Hemiplegia
-paralysis on one side of body
Paraparesis
-partial paralysis of LEs
Paraplegia
-paralysis of LEs
Tetraplegia
-paralysis of all extremities
Quadriplegia
-paralysis of all extremities
Triplegia
-paralysis of 3 extremities
Diplegia
-paralysis of either both UEs or LEs
AROM
-muscle strenth, coordination, willingness to move
-contractile tissue integrity
-if they can do AROM, no need for PROM
PROM
-integrity of joints, extensibility of CT, endfeels of joints
-diagnostic
-slightly > AROM
Capsule Pattern
-pattern/order of restriction involving most ROMs in a joint