final exam Flashcards
the ___ uses the same site for both arterial injection and blood drainage
one point
the drainage method where the arterial solution is never injected while the drainage is being taken
alternate
drainage serves several purposes; it removes ___ blood discolorations and it removes ___ that is present in the blood
intravascular and bacteria
there are 5-6 quarts of blood in the ___ system of the 160 lb body
vascular
after death, ___ of the blood is found in the capillaries, ___ in the veins, and ___ in the arteries
85%, 10%, 5%
embalming following a complete autopsy (cranial and trunk) is an example of ___
six point
arterial embalming has two primary functions: injection of ___ solution; and drainage of blood and other fluids from the blood ___ system
preservative, vascular
there are four distinct processes that actually occur simultaneously during arterial embalming: injection, ___, diffusion, and drainage
distribution
instant tissue fixation is an embalming technique that uses a very ___ arterial solution injected into a specific region using short bursts under high pressure
strong
the method of drainage where injection and drainage are allowed to proceed at the same time throughout the embalming
concurrent
the ___ is suitable when the embalmer anticipates uncomplicated distribution of embalming solution and favorable blood drainage
one point
the ___ artery is used with a restricted cervical injection
carotid
one of the advantages of multipoint injection is it increases the overall effectiveness of embalming through the use of
sectional embalming
the initial drainage is the most ___; however all drainage should be carefully controlled and ___ should be avoided
dangerous, splashing
supplements the primary injection site when arterial solution cannot reach a particular area or when the area is insufficiently preserved
multipoint
anticipating embalming challenges (ex. poor distribution of solution, incomplete blood drainage, increased probability of tissue distension, and lengthy postmortem delays) validates ___ embalming
six point
the drainage method where injection of embalming solution continues throughout the embalming and the drainage is shut off for selected short periods
intermittent
effectively controls the volume of arterial solution entering the head and the face; affords the greatest control over entry of arterial solution into the head
restricted
injection from two or more sites; suitable arteries are located closer to the area insufficiently embalmed
multipoint
restricted cervical injection prevent facial distension and dehydration when large volumes of strong solution are required to meet the preservative demands in the ___ of the body
trunk
pressure developed as the flow of embalming solution is established and the elastic arterial walls expand and then contract, resulting in filling of the capillary beds and development of pressure filtration
intravascular pressure
movement of ___ from an intravascular to extravascular location is called fluid diffusion
embalming solution
___ of the arterial solution from the embalming machine through the tubing and arterial tube into the artery is one of the functions of arterial embalming
delivery
extravascular resistance is pressure placed on the ___ of a blood vessel; sufficient to collapse or partially collapse the lumen of the vessel
outside
indicates the pressure of arterial solution leaving the delivery hose and entering the body; the machine is running, the rate of flow valve is open, and fluid is being delivered
actual pressure
responsible for the movement of embalming solution from within the capillaries to the tissues; energy need originates from non living mechanism
passive transport
the measured different between the potential and actual pressure readings; an indicator of the rate of flow (speed of delivery)
differential pressure
pressure filtration is the passage of embalming solution through the capillary wall to diffuse with the ___ fluids by application of positive intravascular pressure; embalming solution passes from an intravascular to an extravascular position
interstitial
speed at which fluid is injected, measured in ounces per minute
rate of flow
rounding of fingertips, lips, and toes, drying of the tissues, and mottling of the tissues are sings of arterial solution ___
diffusion
veins on the backsides of the hands can be distended before arterial solution is injected as a result of ___ of the blood
gravitation
passage of solvent from a solution of lesser to one of greater solute concentration when the two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane
osmosis
an embalmer can improve arterial solution distribution by relieving extreme abdominal extravascular pressures caused by abdominal edema (ascites) using a ___
trocar
____ of the arterial solution from the point of injection throughout the arterial system and into the capillaries is one of the functions of arterial embalming; also referred to as ___
distribution, perfusion
an embalmer can improve arterial solution distribution by injecting the arterial solution using ___
pulsation
a mechanism that moves material across the cell membrane; energy is produced by the living cell; does not function in the dead human body
active transport
indicates the pressure existing in the delivery hose only; the machine is running but the rate of flow valve is closed, and the fluid is not delivered
potential pressure
___ of the arterial solution from within the vascular system through the capillary walls and into the ___ spaces is one of the functions of arterial embalming
diffusion, tissue
the large colloid molecules, because of their large surface area, tend to ___ molecules
absorb
can be caused either by narrowing or obstruction of the lumen of a vessel
intravascular resistance
a ___ is a long hollow needle with a removable sharp point that is available in varying lengths and bores
trocar
the gallbladder is located in the ___ region of the abdominopelvic region
right hypochondriac
surgical drainage openings may be closed by suture or trocar button ___ to ___ of the cavities
prior, aspiration
purge exiting the nose, ear, or eyelids in the form of gas, blood, or a creamy white semisolid matter comes from the ___
brain
cavity embalming is a two step process: ___ of the ___ and their contents, followed by the injection of a strong preservative/disinfectant chemical
aspiration, cavities
cavity embalming occurs ___ the arterial embalming
after
the ___ of the solid organs comprises the blood vessels, connective tissue, ducts, and nerves
stroma
to establish the four abdominopelvic regions of the quadrant method, a horizontal line is drawn from left to right through the ___
umbilicus
the stomach (including cardiac and pyloric openings) is located in the ___ region of the abdominopelvic region
epigastric
the ___ of the solid organ is the functional tissue that comprises the bulk of the organ
parenchyma
cavity embalming is not employed in the preparation of the body when it is bequeathed to a ___, badly burned, or badly decomposed
medical school
purge exiting the mouth or nose and bears a “frothy” appearance comes from the ___
lungs
large sized openings at the working end of the instrument lessen the chance of clogging with ___ material
aspirated
cavity embalming treats the 1) contents of the ___ viscera, 2) walls of the visceral ___ not embalmed by arterial injection, and 3) contents of the spaces between the visceral organs and the walls of the cavities
hollow, organs
the appendix is located ind the ___ region of the abdominopelvic region
right inguinal (iliac)
a suggested order of treatment during cavity embalming is to inject the ___ cavity first
thoracic
cavity fluid is not diluted during cavity embalming; it is used in ___ form
concentrated
internal organs enclosed within a body cavity
viscera
purge exiting the mouth or nose and bears a dark brown coffee ground appearance comes from the ___
stomach
two sutures are commonly used to close the trocar opening used for ___; the purse string suture and the reverse suture, also called the N or Z suture
aspiration
the ___ suture is used to temporarily close lengthy incisions. the exposed thread can draw or wick fluids; the thread will remain wet
continuous
___ embalming chemicals and compresses (packs) are applied to both external and internal body surfaces
surface
___ practices are carried out after the embalming process to comprehensively clean all of the preparation room surfaces
terminal disinfection
___ formulated for surface embalming include liquids (phenol cautery agents, cavity fluid), preservative formalin creams and gels (autopsy gel), preservative powders, and drying and hardening compounds
accessory chemicals
___ are applied to the unexposed surface tissues of the buccal cavity, beneath the eyelids, inside the nasal cavity, beneath the autopsied scalp, and to the interior walls of the autopsied trunk
inlays
when purge is present from the mouth or nose immediately following arterial injection and cavity treatment, it may be necessary to re aspirate and reinject ___
cavity fluid
the ___ suture is ideal for suturing the cranial autopsy incision and the smaller incisions used for arterial injection; may not be suitable for trunk autopsy incisions
inversion
this embalming method is used to treat both small localized body areas and larger areas, such as the trunk walls of the autopsied body, a limb that did not receive sufficient arterial fluid, or an area that cannot be arterially injected
hypodermic embalming
in pitting edema, excess moisture is present in the ___ spaces. in solid edema, the excess moisture is within the ___
tissue, cells
when treating visible areas in facial areas, where hypodermic needles would be used, most of the injections can be made from
inside the mouth
___ sutures temporarily align tissue margins and secure them in position until permanent sutures replace them
bridge
distension of facial tissues, the neck, or glandular tissues of the face or the tissues surrounding the eye orbit during embalming of the body can be caused by an excessive amount of ___ in these tissues
arterial solution
a side effect of removing ___ from the facial tissues or hands is that the skin may become very wrinkled
edema
the single intradermal or ___ suture is made entirely within the dermal layer, traversing the needle side to side within the incisions. the needle does not pass through the epidermal tissues
hidden
after suturing a colostomy bag with a purse string or reverse suture, seal the closure with glue to prevent ___
leakage
periodic monitoring and surveillance of the deceased and performance of the treatments necessary to maintain post embalming stability is ___
custodial care
when treating visible areas of the nose, if hypodermic treatment is used, expect some ___ from the injection sites
leakage
when treating visible areas, application of glue to the eyelids and lips reduces the effects of ___
dehydration
when treating larger areas of the body, certain conditions, such as arteriosclerosis, gangrene, and edema, require additional injection of the ___
legs
post embalming treatments are routinely carried out ___ completion of arterial and cavity embalming
after
the ___ are the spaces between the bones of the skull in the fetus and young infant
fontanelles
for deceased persons of advanced age experiencing arteriosclerosis, the artery most frequently affected by sclerosis is the ___ artery
femoral
when senile purpura is present over the hands and the arms, and often the base of the neck, the arterial solution should be ___
strengthened
the general age category for persons between the ages of 12 to 18 years of age
adolescent
anemia results from a lack of healthy red blood cells leading to reduced ___ flow to the body’s organs
oxygen
for deceased persons of advanced age experiencing atrophy of the maxilla and the mandible, this may prevent the use of the ___ method of mouth closure
needle injector
body water ratios and ___ content are higher in infants
fat
a majority of infants, children, and ___ are autopsied
young adults
for deceased persons of advanced age experiencing arthritic conditions and degenerative changes, the ___ artery would be the best site for injection
common carotid
severe weight loss caused by the tumor competing with the body for metabolites results in a wasting away of body tissues
cachexia
the ___ are used to secure tissues during suturing
gathering forceps
for deceased persons of advanced age, poor circulation causes ___ to develop in dependent tissues that receive prolonged contact pressure
decubitus ulcers
when providing decedent care to fetuses, ___ is likely impractical
arterial injection
excess sugar in the blood
hyperglycemia
acidosis characterized by the presence of ketones in the blood and the body tissues
ketosis
sugar in the urine
glycosuria
considering that infants are often held during memorial events, the embalming can recreate weight in the head by forming a ball with a small amount of ___, wrap tightly in cotton, and place into the cranial cavity
modeling clay
when suturing an infants head, begin suturing ___ of the cranium
on the right side
when considering the systemic effects of malignancy, if ___ tissues are emaciated, the recommended injection is restricted cervical
facial
when considering the systemic effects of malignancy, if localized edema is present in the arms or the legs, the embalmer should use ___ sites for injection
multiple
surgical removal of the entire globe (en bloc); surgical technique to remove an entire mass without preliminary cutting or dissecting
enucleation
when performing restorative treatments for facial trauma, leakage of embalming solution from damaged tissue areas will actually ___ tissue swelling
reduce
when working on eye donors, evaluate both eyes for ___; minor reinjection of one or both arteries may be necessary to achieve this
symmetry
the general age category for persons when death occurs before or during delivery
stillborn
___ vessels are often used as superficial dialysis shunts in patients requiring chronic treatment
femoral
when death is from pulmonary embolism, the pathologist may trace the origin of the ___ through the use of exploratory incisions on the lower legs
blood clot
donated saphenous veins restore ___ to the lower extremities impaired by peripheral vascular disease
circulation
at the completion of suturing, place a ___ in the thread; move it as close as possible to the surface of the skin
knot
___ is defined as a collection of similar cells that function together as a unit
tissue
during embalming, the calvarium and sternum can be soaked in ___ within a sealed bag or container
preservation solution
coagula can block smaller arteries and prevent the flow of solution. slow flow allows the solution to distribute ___ the coagula
overtop
when suturing the cranial cavity, the ___ suture is ideal when the scalp does not have hair. the incision is easily concealed with cosmetics and/or waxes
inversion
the standard point of trocar entry is located 2 inches to the ___ of and 2 inches ___ to the umbilicus
left, superior
many medicolegal autopsies remove the neck organs, the floor of the mouth, and the ___
tongue
senile purpura is an extravascular irregularly shaped blood discoloration that often appears on the arms and the back of the hands; brought about by fragile ___
capillaires
if general edema, tissue decomposition, or extensive burns are present, a ___ may be necessary to protect clothing and casket fabric from soiling
unionall
capillary walls are composed of endothelium, which lines the entire vascular system and are made up of flat, single layered cells called ___. these are thin walled cells that form the semipermeable membranes through which substances in the blood must pass to reach the body cells
squamous epithelium
when anal purge is present after embalming, force as much purge as possible from the ___ by firmly pressing on the lower abdominal area
rectum
for cranial aspiration, a small trocar is introduced into the nostril and pushed through the ___ of the ethmoid bones
cribriform plate
a colostomy is the opening of the colon through the abdominal wall to the skin surface; with the ___ being the exposed portion of the bowel
stoma
metabolic disturbances and renal and respiratory failure often accompany malignancy; resulting in a buildup of metabolic wastes in the ___
tissues
___ is the result of inadequate preservation to the deeper tissues
shell embalming
the small diameter holes in the tip of this instrument can readily clog when thickened material is aspirated
nasal tube aspirator
the ___ suture is the most commonly used suture to close incisions. it is considered the most secure and leak proof
baseball
when selecting the abdominal aorta or ascending aorta to embalm a non autopsied infant, the embalmer will need to make an external incision that resembles a
autopsy
signs of arterial solution distribution are: dye evident in the tissues, ___ of superficial blood vessels, blood drainage, and clearing of intravascular blood ___
distension, discolorations
the main trocar guides reach the stomach, cecum, urinary bladder, and ___
heart
the contents of drainage are blood and blood clots, interstitial and ___ fluid, and embalming ___
lymphatic, solution
attempt should always be made to relieve rigor prior to injection. this is not always possible in ___ limbs
arthritic
___ regulations require the use of multiple site for long term preservation
military
amount of pressure produced by an injection device to overcome initial resistance within (intravascular) or upon (extravascular) the vascular system (arterial or venous)
injection pressure
the left side of the face is injected before the right side of the face to allow the embalmer to make adjustments prior to injecting the most visible side of the face. the order of injection is based upon ___
professional judgement
the sigmoid colon is located in the ___ region of the abdominopelvic region
left inguinal (iliac)
the embalming solution that passes through the pores or walls of the capillaries and eventually embalms the cells is the ___
retained arterial solution
short circuiting of arterial solution can be decreased by restricting ___ to create intravascular pressure
drainage
when death is from overdose, postmortem examination may involve tissues excision of ___ scars formed from repeated use of hypodermic needles in the same tissue area
keloid
when performing restorative treatments for facial trauma, ___ loose skin to expose undamaged tissue
debride
when performing supplemental hypodermic injection, it is important that all tissues be ___; the trunk walls (anterior, lateral, and posterior), with special emphasis on injection of the buttocks, breasts, shoulder, and neck region
channeled
when injecting the upper extremities, as a general rule, the embalmer should always use the artery closest to the ___
center of circulation
autopsy is the ___ examination of the dead human body
postmortem
reasons for a ___ autopsy ordered by a coroner or medical examiner include provision of factual and objective information for legal authorities
forensic
during an autopsy, a standard ___ is used to examine the torso, or trunk of the body
Y incision
the ___ autopsy involves full physical examination, tissue and fluid sampling, and removal of both cranial and visceral organs for examination
complete
time delays associated with autopsied bodies often necessitate the use of stronger than average ___
arterial solution
one best practice to consider when preparing autopsied bodies is to clamp ___ arteries and small veins to avoid excessive loss of embalming solution and to improve solution distribution during arterial injection
leaking
when suturing the cranial cavity, begin sutures on the right side of the head (viewing side) and complete them on the left side to ensure that any ___ that may occur from the slipping of the scalp tissues will occur on the left side
puckering
which arteries would an embalmer locate and ligate for sectional arterial injection
right and left external iliac
when injection the arms and legs of an autopsied case, inject each extremity separately using
Y tube
when injecting the lower extremities, it is important to remember that the autopsy technician may completely cut through the ___ directly beneath the inguinal ligament
external iliac
the common carotid bifurcates at the level of the superior border of the ___
thyroid cartilage
when treating a viscera of an autopsied case, ___ hollow organs to release any gases
incise
medical or hospital autopsies can confirm or verify a ___
diagnosis
when closing the cavities, the area closest to the ___ is the most dependent area and most likely to leak
shoulder
when closing the cavities, apply ___ as you suture to prevent leakage
incision seal powder
when suturing the cranial cavity, avoid ___ as they have a tendency to pull through the scalp tissues
knots
the revised ___ is adopted in all 50 states to allow any person 18 years or older, upon their death, to donate their organs and/or tissues for medical purposes
UAGA
long bone recovery is time and labor intensive for both the procurement team and the ___
embalmer
partial or split thickness skin recovery from tissue donors is achieved using a surgical instrument called ___
dermatome
instant tissue fixation is a high pressure injection method designed to maximize preservation and minimize ___
swelling
fluid choice for eye donors should meet preservative demand and also achieve tissue pliability to maintain natural facial ___
contour
the ___ of the eye is the highest prominence
center
feet not affected by recovery are best embalmed through ___ injection
hypodermic
after full thickness skin and long bone recovery of the legs, a thin length of tissue is left intact deliberately, connecting torso to feet to maintain the integrity and the ___ of the donor
height
an embalming best practice for tissue donors is roll the donor to one side and treat the recovery site with a ___ based liquid or gel
phenol
a ___ is defined as any part of the body exercising a specific function, such as respiration, secretion, and digestion
organ
the best embalming practice for tissue donors is select a higher index arterial fluid and mix in a moderate to strong concentrated solution for desired ___ of tissues
drying
the ___ cooperates with organ procurement organizations throughout the country to place organs at the local, regional, and national level
UNOS
the embalming process for an organ or tissue donor begins with removing temporary sutures binding the incision at the ___
recovery site
an embalming best practice for eye donors is to establish proper eye ___
closure
___ exposes only the skin that is intended for recovery
surgical draping
the upper eye lid represents ___ and lower lid ___ of the closed eye
2/3, 1/3
hospitals must report all deaths to the ___ in a timely manner
OPO
face and hand transplants are examples of a vascular composite ___
allograft
supportive care kits usually contain
topical preservative gel
the ___ surgical procedure is used to preserve continuity with adjacent tissues and vessels for better outcomes
en bloc
a ___ degree burn is deep and affects the posterior dermal layer
second
loss of moisture from body tissue that may occur antemortem or postmortem
dehydration
hydrocephalus is abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluids in the ___ of the brain
ventricles
during a restricted cervical injection, be certain that the arterial tubes directed toward the head remain open during injection of the ___
trunk
swelling from delayed embalming can be a problem for the embalmer as distension of the hollow abdominal viscera is caused by trapped ___ and gas accumulation
heat
uremic pruritis is a ___ itching of the skin affecting up to 50% of renal failure patients
chronic
occurs when fluids accumulate between the cells of the body
intercellular edema
prior to routine use of ___, tissue dehydration was a common condition of refrigerated bodies
body bags
the most noticeable discoloration presented with drowning deaths is intense livor mortis, petechial, and possibly ___ (from asphyxiation)
cyanosis
the primary concern for discolorations with deaths from carbon monoxide poisoning is the classic “cherry red” coloring of the ___
tissues
___ is related to discoloration because a burn is evident
electrocution
___ is high levels of acid in the body; can be metabolic, renal failure, or respiratory
acidosis
anasarca is severe ___ edema
generalized
ascites is the accumulation of serous fluids in the ___ cavity
peritoneal
___ is restorative treatment usually accompanied by aspiration, gravitation, or external pressure to remove gases or excess liquid from tissues
channeling
process of drying out
desiccation
edema is the abnormal accumulation of fluids in ___ or body cavities
tissues
___ is the abnormal accumulation of fluids in the saclike structure; especially the scrotal sac
hydrocele
hydropericardium is the abnormal accumulation of fluids within the ___ sac
pericardial
any activity that reduces adenosine triphosphate prior to death will speed the onset of ___
rigor
hydrothorax is the abnormal accumulation of fluids in the thoracic ___
cavity
occurs when an abnormal amount of interstitial fluid passes into, and is retained by the cell
intracellular edema
pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the ___
lungs
when renal failure is the underlying cause of edema, this creates a buildup of ___ wastes in the tissues; which can neutralize the preservative solution, rendering it ineffective
nitrogenous
during wicking, wicks are inserted directly into the edematous area using ___ or a hemostat
forceps
when hemorrhage is the result of a ruptured artery, arterial solution may be lost to body ___
cavities
a disease or condition accompanied by an elevation of body temperature
febrile disease
when a vessel is affected by arteriosclerosis, it may not be suitable as an ___ site
injection
when an artery has inflammation, it may narrow, weaken and rupture from ___ of injection
pressure
during asphyxiation, purging can result as blood flows back into ___ instead of draining
lungs
clots or coagula are antemortem or postmortem clumping of ___ elements
blood
when arteries experience ___, as in a stroke, it may be difficult to supply sufficient arterial solution to the affected side of the body
vasoconstriction
burns cause the ___ to constrict resulting in extensive coagulation
capillaries
stroke caused by a clot or the rupture of a small artery in the brain
cerebrovascular accident
congestive heart failure leads to tissues that easily swell; ___ can be edematous
legs and face
if poisons were swallowed, ___ can be expected
purge
during advanced decomposition, ___ decomposition can cause rapid swelling of the tissues
capillary
poor peripheral circulation can reduce solution distribution in diabetes; areas affected by ___ require surface and/or hypodermic embalming treatments
gangrene
detached blood clot
emboli
patchy or nodular thickening of the intima of an artery
atherosclerosis
___ is observed over the thorax, arms, and abdomen of a deceased with leukemia
purpura
an extracerebral clot can occlude the artery, making it impossible for arterial solution to flow to one side of the ___
face
___ is described as occlusion of veins draining a body area that becomes the site of bacterial infection
moist gangrene
livor mortis can be intense or absent in ___ tissues of a hanged person
facial
ischemia is defined as the lack of blood supply to an area, frequently resulting in ___ necrosis
tissue
___ speeds the onset of rigor and decomposition in deceased with pneumonia
fever
sudden vital depression, reduced blood return to the heart
shock
___ may occur in arteries of someone afflicted with syphilis; with rupture making distribution of arterial solution impossible
aneurysms
infection of the lungs due to tuberculosis can result in ___; causing small vessels and capillaries to rupture
cavitation
tumors may exert pressure on the ___ of an artery or a vein
outside
loss of blood by a break in the vascular system; may be little drainage; ruptured arteries and veins fill body cavities
hemorrhage
poor arterial circulation into an area of the body, causing death of body cells; impossible to establish arterial solution distribution; surface and hypodermic treatment is needed
dry gangrene
in comparison to other arteries, the ___ artery less frequently exhibits arteriosclerosis and is a good choice when vascular problems are anticipated
common carotid
external pressure upon an artery or a vein causes the lumen to narrow or collapse, creating resistance within the vessel; restricts flow within the vessel
extravascular resistance
patchy or nodular thickening of the intima; the fatty material that forms plaques in the arteries
atheroma
as the severity of the arteriosclerosis (type 3) condition increases, a process called ___ creates tiny pathways or canals within the vessel to allow the passage of blood
canalization
infection of the lungs by ___ may spread to other organs; cavitation may result causing small vessels and capillaries to result
tuberculosis
stoke caused by a stroke or the rupture of a small artery in the brain
cerebrovascular accident
toxic chemicals that destroy blood vessels
corrosive poisons
pathological condition causing the arterial walls to thicken, harden, and lose elasticity
arteriosclerosis
an endocrine disease affecting the control of blood glucose levels; protein breakdown leads to poor tissue firming
diabetes
swollen, tortuous veins caused by a stagnation of blood and generally seen in the superficial veins; drainage may be difficult to establish; rupture and massive purge may occur
esophageal varices
a clot, usually in the carotid artery, that stops supply to the brain; can occlude the artery making it impossible for arterial solution to flow to one side of the face; may cause vasoconstriction on one side of the body, reducing arterial solution distribution
extracerebral clot
insufficient oxygen supply; deprivation of oxygen that can result in unconsciousness and often death
asphyxiation
a disease of condition accompanied by an elevation of body temperature; decomposition may be speeded; dehydration; blood coagulates
febrile disease
narrowing of blood vessel; arteries affected by a stroke may be difficult to supply sufficient arterial solution to the affected side of the body
vasoconstriction
lack of blood supply to an area, frequently resulting in tissue necrosis; arterial solution cannot reach the affected tissues
ischemia
cancer of the tissues that form white blood cells; purpura is observed over the thorax, arms, and abdomen; edema may be present
leukemia
occlusion of veins draining a body area that becomes the site of bacterial infection; very strong fluid must be injected into the general area arterially
moist (wet) gangrene
detached blood clot; interrupts distribution of arterial solution (artery); can block drainage (vein)
emboli
when a vessel is sclerosed, avoid forcing the arterial tube into the artery because damage to the intimal layer can cause the lining to shed and block the ___
lumen
acute inflammation of the lung; lung purge; fever spreads onset of rigor and decomposition; neck can easily become distended; aspirate immediately after arterial injection
pneumonia
inflammation of an artery
arteritis
decreased heart function; tissues can easily swell; legs and feet are edematous; congestion and clotting in veins
congestive heart failure
___ is a venereal disease caused by spirochete treponema pallidum; aneurysms may occur in arteries; rupture can make distribution of arterial solution impossible
syphilis
reactivation of the mycobacterium responsible for ___ creates an undetectable hazard to the embalmer
tuberculosis
when denatured proteolytic enzymes remain in the body after embalming, such bodies tend to ___ very rapidly
decompose
changes in ___ membrane permeability is another effect of systemically administered drugs
cellular
when a chemotherapeutic agent reduces or destroys membrane permeability, preservative ___ cannot pass through
solutions
chelating means that some drug therapies have an affinity for ___ ions, particularly calcium and magnesium
metallic
fentanyl is the drug most commonly attributed to ___ deaths in the US
overdose
fentanyl patches should not be manually removed by gloved hands as gloves have ___ that will expand with time and use
pores
___ are controlled substances used primarily in medicine for pain relief or anesthesia
opioids
penicillins and tetracyclines are examples of ___
antibiotics
corticosteroids can cause mild to severe water logging of ___
tissues
cancer therapy patients experience low ___ in their bodies due to anorexia and vomiting
protein
tranquilizers can contribute to kidney dysfunction and ___ of nitrogenous waste products
retention
proteins are easily altered or broken down substances that break down rapidly even without ___ action
bacterial
___ enzymes are specialized enzymes that break down proteins
proteolytic
the ___ objective of embalming is to render the proteins resistant to attack by catalytic enzymes
preservation
many chemotherapeutic agents are ___ and can decrease kidney function
nephrotoxic
since the kidneys are the main organs responsible for ___ of nitrogenous wastes, waste materials such as ammonia, urea, and uric acid are retained in the tissues
elimination
there is no better way to ___ formaldehyde than to react it with ammonia, and this is exactly what happens in the body
neutralize
the liver is the main detoxification center, every drug eventually enters the hepatic ___
circulation
when the ___ is damaged, the embalmer may encounter a jaundiced body
liver
avoid raising a vessel where tissues have been seeded with radioactive isotope for ___ treatment
cancer
selection of the ___ vessels for embalming is indicated when working with bodies effected by radioactive isotopes
femoral
three precautions are followed for embalming a body treated or exposed to ___: protection, time of exposure, and distance from the body
radiation
when working with bodies effected by radioactive isotopes, best practice for PPE selection includes the addition of heavy ___ gloves worn over standard surgical gloves, and a heavy rubber apron
rubber
when working with bodies effected by radioactive isotopes, ___ protocol is strictly followed
universal precautions
what is an embalming concern for alcoholism
jaundice
___ is the presence of two or more conditions
comorbidity
bacterial enzymes are two factors of ___
decomposition
what areas are distension common in
eyelids, scrotum, and neck
what can cause pressure in the abdomen that leads to purge
gas
mycotic infections are ___ infections that can spread by direct contact
fungal
purge from the stomach can be liquid or semisolid and have a ___ appearance
coffee ground
when purge is frothy, blood remains red, and has little odor what is the source
lungs
if esophageal varices have ruptured, ___ can be expected in the purge
blood
pre embalming ___ purge results from a fracture of the skull, a surgical procedure in the cranial cavity, or a trauma such as a bullet penetrating the bone of the skull
brain
purge from the ___ may contain fecal matter, blood, and arterial solution
anus
during embalming, arterial solution may purge from the ___ and nose
mouth
from which orifice does cavity fluid purge
mouth, nose, and anal orifice
___ is defined as the postmortem evacuation of an substance from any external orifice of the body as a result of pressure
purge
there is only one effective way to remove gas from the distended tissues and that is to ___ and ___ the tissues and release the gas
lance, channel
it has been estimated that ___ times more preservative chemical is needed to preserve tissues of bodies dead from the complication of renal failure
6
tissue gas is caused primarily by ___
C. Perfringens
when cremated remains are shipped through USPS it must be shipped by ___
priority mail express
the FTC forbids statements that guarantee ___ embalming preservation
long term
viewing the unembalmed body may be necessary to confirm positive identification of the decedent. this is called ___
identification viewing
the ___ requires all funeral homes who wish to transport human remains in a passenger aircraft to register and be approved as a known shipper
known shipper program
in circumstances when embalming authorization is delayed or not desired, mortuary ___ is recommended and is required in some states
refrigeration
the ___, an agency of the US department of homeland security was created to improve airport security procedures following the 9/11 attacks against the US
transportation security administration (TSA)
