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Final exam Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 curable infections
What are 4 viral uncurable infections

A

Curable: syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, trich
Uncurable: hepatitis B, herpes, HIV, HPV

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2
Q

Infections characterized by vaginal discharge

A

Vulvovaginal candidiasis
Trich
BV

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

Infections characterized by cervicitis

A

Chlamydia
Gonorrhea

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5
Q

Infections characterized by genital ulcers

A

Herpes
Syphilis

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6
Q

Vaccine preventable STIs

A

Hep A and B

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7
Q

Vaginitis

A

generic term that means inflammation and infection of vagina

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8
Q

P-LI-SS-IT model

A

P - permission
Ll - limited information - information given to women about STI
SS- specific suggestions - attempt to change behavior
IT - intensive therpay -

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9
Q

Risk factors for vaginal candidiasis

A

Preg
Oral contrceptives
DM
Use of broad spect antibiotics
obesity
steorid and immunosuppress
HIV
tight clothes
douching / trauma to vag mucosa

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10
Q

How to diagnosis VC

A

Wet smear which reveals filamentous hyphae and spores characteristic of a fungus when viewed under microscope

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11
Q

Where can the trich organism live

A

wet damp surfaces, poorly cleaned hot tubs and drains

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12
Q

Symptoms of Trich
Women
Men

A

Women - Vulvar itching, malodorus foamy discharge
Men - asymptomatic carrier

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13
Q

What are risks with Trich in a pregnant person

A

Preterm, postpartum endometritis

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14
Q

How is trich viewed under microscope

A

Ovoid, single cell protozoan parasite making a jerky swaying motion

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15
Q

What are tests for trich

A

-OSOM trich rapid test
-Immunochromatocgraphic capillary flow dipstick technology
-Nucleic acid probe test

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16
Q

WHat are the risks for having BV during preg

A

preterm, pROM, chorioamnionitis, postpartum endometritis and PID

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17
Q

Cervicitis

A

Catchall term that implies presence of inflammation or infection of cervix

Used to describe everything from symptomless erosions to inflammed cervix that bleeds and produces discharge

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18
Q

What is the most commonly reported bacterial STI in US

A

CHlamydia

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19
Q

MOst common risk factors assoc with chlamydia

A

Age less than 25, change in sexual partner or multiple partners, poor socioeconomic condition, prostitution, nonwhite race, single status, lack of condom

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20
Q

People with chlamydia usually get

Men?
Women?

A

Med - irethritis
WOmen - cervicitis, acute urethral syndrome, salpingitis, ectopic preg, PID, infertility

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21
Q

What is the bacterium that causes chlamydia

A

intracellular parasite that cannot produce its own energy and depends on host for survival.

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22
Q

Newborns delivered to mothers with chlamydia can get

A

Ophthalmia neonaturm

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23
Q

Treatment for chlamydia

A

Doxycycline 100mg PO 2x a day for 7 day s
OR
Azithromycin 1g PO single dose

Ceftrazone with doxy or azitr is prescribed

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24
Q

Risk factors for chlamydia

A

Adolescent
Multiple sex partner
new partner
without condoms
oral contraceptives
being preg
history of sti

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25
Q

Symptoms of chlamydia

A

Mucopurulent vag discharge
Urethritis
bartholinitis
endometritis
salpingiti
dysfunction uterine bleeding

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26
Q

What is 2nd most commonly reported infection in uS

A

Gonorrhea

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27
Q

What is gonorrhea under microscope

A

aerobic gram negative intracellura diplococcus that infects mucosal surfaces. The site of infection is columnar epitehlium of endocervix

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28
Q

What is the risk in pregnancy for a person with gonorrhea

A

Chorioamnionitis, preterm, PROM, postpartum endometritis

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29
Q

When a newborn comes in contact with gonorrhea what can they get

A

Ophthalmia neonatorum

Can lead to blindness, joint infection or life threatening blood infection

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30
Q

Preg women with gonorrhea should not be treated with

A

Quinolones or tetrcyclines

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31
Q

Symptoms of gonorrhea

A

ABnormal vag discharge
dysuria
cervicitis
enlarged lymph
abnormal vag bleeding
bartholin abscess
PID
Neonatal conjunctivitis
Mild sore throat
rectal infection
perihepatitis

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32
Q

What happens if gonorrhea goes untreated

A

Can enter bloodstream and produce disseminated gonococcal infection.
Severe form can invade joints, heart, brain and liver

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33
Q

Symptoms of a primary infection with HSV

A

painful vesicular lesions, mucopurulent discharge, superinfection with candida, fever chills, malaise, dysuria, headache genital irritation, inguinal tenderness and lymphadenopathy

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34
Q

Symptoms of recurrent infection with HSV

A

Tingling, itching pain, unilateral genital lesions, more rapid resolution than primary

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35
Q

What is syphilis under microscope

A

Spirochete that rapidly penetrates mucous membrane and within hours enters lymphatic system and blood stream to produce systemic infection long before appearance of primary lesions

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36
Q

What are consequences of maternal infection with syphilis

A

spontaneous abortion, low birth weight, FGR, premature, still birth, multisystem failure, structural bone damage, mental retardation

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37
Q

What are complications of PID

A

ectopic preg, pelvic abscess, subinfertility, chronic ab pain, depression

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38
Q

Risk factors for PID

A

young adult
non white
multiple sex partners
early onset of sex
history of PID or STI
alcohol or drug use
partner w/ untreated urethritis
cig smoke
douching
prostitution

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39
Q

Symptoms of PID

A

Abnormal cervical or vag mucopurulent discharge
temp above 101
elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
elevated C-reactive protein level
prolonged menstrual bleed
dysmenorrhea
dysuria
painful sex
nausea
vomit

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40
Q

How to diagnose PID

A

endometrial biopsy, transvag ultrasound, laparoscopic exam

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41
Q

Hep C

A

not sexually transmitted / injection drugs
Infects humans only and targets liver cells

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42
Q

Zika

A

Transmitted by sex, perinatal, and blood transfusion

Assoc with microcephaly, calcifications, motor abnormalities, hearing loss, neurologic impairment, IUGR, still birth

No vaccine

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43
Q

Syphilis stages of infection
Primary
secondary
latency
tertiary

A

PRIMARY - painless ulcer at site of bacterial entry (disappear w/in 1 -6 wks)
SECONDARY - 2-6mo after exposure, flu like symptoms and maculopapular rash at trunk, palms and soles. Alopecia and adenopathy also fever, pharyngitis, weight loss adn fatique
can last 2 years
LATENCY - absence of symptoms. Can last 20 years
TERTIARY - life threatening heart disease, neurologic disease slowly destorys heart, eyes, brain, CNS and skin

44
Q

Candidiasis
Maternal effects
Fetal effects

A

Maternal effects - resistent to treatment, localized itching and discharege
Fetal effect- Thrush

45
Q

Trich
Maternal effects
Fetal effects

A

Maternal effects - PROM and preterm
Fetal effects- premature

46
Q

BV
Maternal effects
Fetal effects

A

Maternal effects - spontaneous abortion, PROM, chorioamnionitis, postpartum endometritis, preterm

Fetal effects- neonatal sepsis

47
Q
A
48
Q

Chlamydia
Maternal effects
Fetal effects

A

Maternal effects - postpartum endometritis, PROM, preterm

Fetal effects - neonatal conjunctivitis, pneumonia, low birth weight, PROM and preterm

49
Q

Gonorrhea
Maternal effects
Fetal effects

A

Maternal effects - Chorioamnionitis, preterm, PROM, FGR, postpartum sepsis

Fetal effects- Ophthalmia neonatorum can lead to blindness adn sepsis including arthritis and meningitis

50
Q

Genital herpes
Maternal effects
Fetal effects

A

Maternal effects - Spontaneous abortion, intrauterine infection, preterm, PROM, FGR

Fetal effects- Birth anomalies, transplacental infection, skin or mouth sores, intellectual disability, premature, low birth weight, blindness, death

51
Q

Syphilis
Maternal effects
Fetal effects

A

Maternal effects - Spontanous abortion, preterm, still birth

Fetal effects- fetal or infant death, congenital syphillis leads to multisystem organ failure, structural damage, can lead to blindness, hearing loss and mental retardation

52
Q

HPV
Maternal effects
Fetal effects

A

Maternal effects - Dystocia if large lesions

Fetal effects- no known

53
Q

Hep B
Maternal effects
Fetal effects

A

Maternal effects- Preterm

Fetal effects- can become chronic carrier which may lead to liver cancer or cirrhosis

54
Q

HIV
Maternal effects
Fetal effects

A

Maternal effects - Fatique, nausea, weight loss

Fetal effects - transmission can occur transplacentally, during childbirth or breast milk

55
Q

In the 1700’s
Who attended births?
How did woman feel about childbirth?

A

Men did not attend births, female midwives attended births at home
Women felt fear of death

55
Q
A
56
Q

In the 1800’s
Shift from midwives to —
What fever was occuring
C-section
WHat was developed in 1895 to assess pelvic size

A

MIdwives to doctors
Puerperal (childbed) fever / stretoccoi
Boston 1894 1st c-section
Xray

57
Q

In the 1900’s
How many women gave birth in hospitals?
What was first performed to assess fetal growth?

A

50-75% of women gave birth in hosptials
amniocentesis was performed in 1966

58
Q

In 2000’s
how many women undergo surgical birth?
US ranks — in maternal deaths and – in infant deaths in the world?

A

1 in 3 women undergo surgical birth

48th in maternal deaths and 55th in infant deaths

59
Q

CNM Certified nurse midwife

A

Postgraduate training in the care of normal pregnancy and delivery. Certified by American College of Nurse Midwives

60
Q

Doula

A

Nonmedical birth companion who provides continuous emotional, physical, and educational support to the woman and family during childbirth and postpartum period.

61
Q

Who is the father of peds

A

Abraham Jacobi 1870

62
Q

When did these start
Nursing in public schools
Professional course on ped nursing
Nurse practitioner role
Maternal-child standards

A

1902 - Nursing in public schools
1900 - Professional course on ped nursing
1960 -Nurse practitioner role
1980 -Maternal-child standards

63
Q

Mortality

A

Incidence or number of people who have died over a specific period.
rates per 100,000 calculated from a sample of death certificates

64
Q

Maternal Mortality ratio

A

the annual number of deaths form any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy and its managment during pregnancy and childbirth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy per 100,00 live births for a year

65
Q

Fetal Mortality rate

A

spontaneous intrauterine death of fetus at any time prior to bith per 1000 live births

66
Q

Neonatal mortality rate

A

number of infant deaths occuring in first 28 days of life per 1000 live births

deaths occuring in 1st month account for 2/3rd

67
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

Number of deaths occuring in first 12 months of life

younger than 1 year per 1000 live births

68
Q

What is the main cause of early infant death in US

A

prematurity, low birth weight, congenital and choromosomal anomalies, SIDS, RDS, unintentional injuries, bacterial sepsis, Necrotizing enterocolitis

69
Q

Childhood mortality rate

A

number of deaths per 100,000 population in children 1-14

70
Q

Morbidity

A

measure of prevalence of specific illness in a population at a specific time.
Rates per 1000 population

71
Q

Clinical manifestions of heart attack in women

A

nausea, dizziness, irregular heart beat, unusual fatique, sleep disturbance, sweating, indigestion, anxiety, neck, jaw, arm or shoulder pain, SOB, pain or discomfort in 1 or both arms, weakness.

72
Q

Family structure

A

people who interact with eachother on a regular recurring basis in socially sanctioned ways

73
Q

Friedmans structual functional theory

A

Social system of family
-Love and belonging
-teaching how to function
-Reproductive role
-Economic function
-health care function

74
Q

Duvall develop theory

A

Developmental stages
Marriage
Childbearing
Preschool children
school-aged children
adolescents
young adults
middle aged parents
family in later years

75
Q

Von Bertalanffy: General system theory

A

to define how families interact with eachother to ensure survival, and growth
Not the sum of its parts but as a whole and unity

76
Q

Family stess theory

A

The way family responds to stress and copes

77
Q

Resiliency model of family stress and family adjustment and adaptation

A

addresses the ways families adapt to stress and rebound

78
Q

Nuclear family

A

husband wife and children living in same household
can include adopted

79
Q

Binuclear family

A

Child who is member of two familys who are joint parenting

80
Q

Communter family

A

adults living and working apart for professional and financial reasons

81
Q

Extended family

A

Nuclear family with grandparents, cousins, aunts etc

82
Q

Communal family

A

groups of people living together to raise children and manage household

83
Q

Genetics
Hereditary

A

Genetics - study of heredity and its varations
Hereditary- process of transmitting genetic characteristics from parent to offspring

84
Q

African Americans beliefs that affect childrens health

A

Strong extended family relationship; Matriarchial
Food symbol of health and wealth
Folk healing and home remedies
Strong church

85
Q

Asain Americans beliefs that affect childrens health

A

Strong loyality to family; patriarchal
Members care for eachother

86
Q

ARAB Americans beliefs that affect childrens health

A

Women suborinate to men, young subordinate to old
MOdesty and cleanilness
Disease and illness is will of allah
Good health = eating healthy and fasting

87
Q

Indian Americans beliefs that affect childrens health

A

Family and tribe
food to celebrate
perfer herbal medicines and healing ceremonies

88
Q

Hispanic Americans beliefs that affect childrens health

A

Father source of strength, wisdom, mother is caretaker and decision maker for health
food for celebrations
folk medicine and prayer, herbal tea and poulticies for illness

89
Q

Religons affecting childrens health
BUDDHISM

A

Illness from karmic cause
Illness as opportunity to develop the soul
ultimate goal to achive nirvana
Chanting at bedside after death
-No restrictions for medciatons, vaccines, or therapeutic intervention
Organ donation acceptable, cremation common

90
Q

Religons affecting childrens health
CHRISTAN SCIENCE

A

Disease viewed as error of human mind / healing through prayer
General opposition to human interventions
Usually do not use blood products, transplants, biopsies or exams

91
Q

Religons affecting childrens health
HINDU

A

Illness due to sins commited in previous life
acceptance of most medical care
Meat consumption forbidden
washing body by family after death and certain restrictions on who touches body

92
Q

Religons affecting childrens health
ISLAM

A

God cures but will accept treatment
Prayers at dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset and nightfall
Pork and alcohol forbidden
Fasting required at ramadam except preg moms, elderly or ill
Specific burial rituals (washing, wrapping, prayers burial)

93
Q

Religons affecting childrens health
JUDAISM

A

Illness for specific reason (violating dietary restrictions)
No treatments/procedures on sabbath
Ingestion of blood prohibited
Kosher diet
Cant eat pork, fowl, no mixing of milk in dishes with meat, no shellfish
Fasting during yom kippur
Washing after death

94
Q

Religons affecting childrens health
MORMON

A

Diving health via laying of hands
Herbal folk remedies
Caffeine, alcohol and tobacco prohibited. Fasting 1X a month for 24 hrs a day
Cremation discourages

95
Q

Religons affecting childrens health
ROMAN CATHOLIC

A

Eucharist as the food of healing
Fasting and no meat on ash wed and good fri

96
Q

What is primary prevention

A

health promotion and diease prevention
preventing before it occurs
*nutrition, hygiene, sanitation, immunizations, genetic counseling,

97
Q

What is seconadry prevention

A

early detection and treatment of adverse health conditions
Aimed at halting the disease and getting person back to normal

Preg testing, blood pressure, cholesterol, breast exam, mammogram, pap smears

98
Q

What is Teriary prevention

A

reduce or limit the progression of permanent irreversible disease or disability

*minimizing effects of CVD, STIs etc

99
Q

The nursing process

A

Assessment
Analysis
Planning and expected outcomes
IMplementation
Evaluation

100
Q

Epidemiology

A

Study of causes, distrubtion and control of disease in populations

101
Q

What is ambulatory care

A

Doctor offices
HMOs
Day surgery centers
Urgent care
Family planning clinics
Birth centers
Mobile mammogram

102
Q

What is home health care and services

A

High risk preg
Maternal/child
Skilled nursing
Hospice care

103
Q

Health dept services

A

Family planning clinics
STI infection program
Immunization clinics
Substance abuse programs
Jails/prisions

104
Q

Long term care

A

Skilled nursing facilities
Nursing homes
Hospice
assisted living

105
Q

Other community based settings

A

Parish nursing homes
Summer camps
CHildbirth ed classes
Scholl health programs
Occupational health programs

247 (11 decks)

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