Final Exam

Question 1

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 1

Signed in 1919 after World War I.
Imposed harsh penalties on Germany, including territorial losses and reparations.
Contributed to resentment and instability in Europe.

Question 2

Red Scare

Answer 2

Post-World War I fear of communism and radicalism.
Led to government crackdowns, arrests, and deportations of suspected radicals.
Associated with the rise of the Palmer Raids

Question 3

Ku Klux Klan

Answer 3

Revived in the 1920s.
Promoted white supremacy, racism, and anti-immigrant sentiments.
Targeted African Americans, Jews, Catholics, and immigrants.

Question 4

“Return to Normalcy”

Answer 4

Harding’s campaign slogan in the 1920 election.
Emphasized stability, economic recovery, and a break from wartime disruptions.
Marked the beginning of the Roaring Twenties.

Question 4

Presidents of the 1920

Answer 4

Warren G. Harding: 29th president, focused on business-friendly policies.
Calvin Coolidge: 30th president, continued Harding’s policies.
Herbert Hoover: 31st president, faced the Great Depression.

Question 5

18th Amendment

Answer 5

Banned the production, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages.
Led to the rise of illegal speakeasies and organized crime.

Question 6

Jazz Music

Answer 6

Flourished during the 1920s.
Associated with African American culture and the Harlem Renaissance.
Popularized by artists like Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington.

Question 7

Causes of the Great Depression

Answer 7

Stock market crash of 1929.
Bank failures, unemployment, and economic collapse.
Dust Bowl exacerbating agricultural hardships.

Question 8

Bonus Army

Answer 8

Group of World War I veterans who marched to Washington, D.C., demanding early payment of bonuses.
Dispersed by the military under Hoover’s administration.

Question 9

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Answer 9

32nd president, elected in 1932.
Implemented New Deal programs to combat the Great Depression.

Question 10

Alphabet Agencies

Answer 10

Refers to various New Deal programs and agencies established by FDR.
Examples include the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), and Works Progress Administration (WPA).

Question 11

Fireside Chats

Answer 11

Series of radio broadcasts by FDR.
Aimed to communicate directly with the American public during the Great Depression.
Addressed economic issues, policies, and reassured citizens.

Question 11

Court Packing Plan

Answer 11

Proposed by FDR in 1937.
Intended to expand the Supreme Court by adding more justices.
Met with controversy and opposition.

Question 12

Social Security Act

Answer 12

Passed in 1935.
Created a federal system of old-age pensions and unemployment insurance.
A cornerstone of the New Deal.

Question 13

Joseph Stalin

Answer 13

Soviet leader during the 1920s and 1930s.
Implemented Five-Year Plans to industrialize the USSR.
Ruled with an iron fist and suppressed dissent.

Question 13

Nazi Party

Answer 13

Led by Adolf Hitler in Germany.
Promoted extreme nationalism, anti-Semitism, and totalitarianism.
Responsible for World War II and the Holocaust.

Question 14

Munich Pact

Answer 14

Signed in 1938.
Allowed Nazi Germany to annex parts of Czechoslovakia (Sudetenland).
Illustrates the policy of appeasement.

Question 15

Operation Barbossa

Answer 15

Hitler’s invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941.
Largest military campaign in history.
Ended in defeat for Germany.

Question 15

Lend-Lease Act

Answer 15

Passed by the US in 1941.
Provided military aid to Allied nations during World War II.
Strengthened ties between the US, UK, and USSR.

Question 16

Pearl Harbor

Answer 16

Japanese surprise attack on the US naval base in Hawaii (1941).
Prompted the US entry into World War II.

Question 17

Battle of Stalingrad

Answer 17

Fought in 1942-1943.
Turning point in the Eastern Front.
Soviet victory over German forces.

Question 17

Battle of Midway

Answer 17

Naval battle in 1942.
US victory against Japan.
Weakened Japan’s naval power in the Pacific.

Question 18

Big Three

Answer 18

Allied leaders during World War II: FDR (US), Winston Churchill (UK), and Joseph Stalin (USSR).

Question 19

Operation Overlord ( D-Day)

Answer 19

Allied invasion of Normandy, France, in 1944.
Led to the liberation of Western Europe from Nazi control.

Question 20

Manhattan Project

Answer 20

Top-secret US project to develop the atomic bomb.
Successfully tested in 1945.

Question 21

Laissez-Faire

Answer 21

Economic philosophy advocating minimal government intervention.
Associated with the Roaring Twenties.

Question 22

Appeasement

Answer 22

Policy of making concessions to aggressive nations to avoid conflict.
Example: Western powers’ approach toward Nazi Germany before World War II.

Question 23

Blitzkrieg

Answer 23

German military strategy in World War II.
Rapid, coordinated attacks using air support and armored units.

Question 24

Lebensraum

Answer 24

Nazi ideology of territorial expansion in Eastern Europe.
Justified aggression and colonization.

Question 24

19th Amendment

Answer 24

o Ratified in 1920.
o Granted women the right to vote in the US