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US History > college chap 6-10 exam > Flashcards

college chap 6-10 exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Types of Representation

A

Refers to the ways elected officials represent their constituents’ interests, including delegate, trustee, politico, and descriptive representation.

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2
Q

Differences between the US House and the US Senate

A

House has 435 members with two-year terms, while the Senate has 100 members with six-year terms.

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3
Q

Bicameralism

A

A legislative system with two chambers, such as the US Congress, comprising the House of Representatives and the Senate.

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4
Q

Incumbents versus Challengers

A

Incumbents are current officeholders, while challengers are those running against them in an election.

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5
Q

Leadership PACs

A

Political Action Committees established by politicians to support other candidates and build influence.

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6
Q

Logrolling

A

The practice of exchanging favors, especially in politics, by reciprocal voting for each other’s proposed legislation

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7
Q

The Framer’s Views of Presidential Power

A

The Framers intended for a strong yet limited executive, balancing power between the branches of government.

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8
Q

Types of Presidential Powers

A

Include expressed, delegated, and inherent powers granted or implied by the Constitution.

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9
Q

Expressed

A

Powers specifically granted to the President by the Constitution.

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10
Q

Delegated

A

Powers given to the President by Congress to carry out legislative directives.

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11
Q

Inherent

A

Powers assumed by the President, often during emergencies, that are not explicitly stated in the Constitution.

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12
Q

Executive Orders

A

Directives issued by the President to federal agencies without needing congressional approval.

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13
Q

Executive Agreements

A

International agreements made by the President without Senate ratification.

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14
Q

Legislative Initiative

A

The President’s power to propose legislation to Congress.

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15
Q

Executive Office of the President

A

A group of federal agencies overseen by the President that provide support and advice.

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16
Q

The Cabinet

A

A group of senior officials appointed by the President to head executive departments and advise on policy.

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17
Q

Office of the White House

A

The President’s immediate staff and support staff, including the Chief of Staff.

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18
Q

Bureaucracy

A

A large, complex organization composed of appointed officials responsible for implementing policies.

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19
Q

Bureaucratic Rule Making

A

The process by which federal agencies create regulations to enforce laws.

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20
Q

The federal Register

A

A daily publication that documents federal agency regulations, proposed rules, and public notices.

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21
Q

Freedom of Information Act

A

A law ensuring public access to government records, with some exceptions for privacy and security.

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22
Q

Cabinet Department Leadership

A

Heads of the 15 executive departments, appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate.

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23
Q

Independent Agencies

A

Agencies that exist outside of the federal executive departments, such as NASA.

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24
Q

Regulatory Agencies

A

Government bodies that enforce laws and regulations in specific areas, like the EPA.

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25
Q

Government Corporations

A

Government-owned businesses that provide services, like the USPS.

26
Q

Independent Regulatory Comissions

A

Agencies created by Congress to regulate specific industries and protect the public interest, like the FCC.

27
Q

Criminal Law

A

The body of law that relates to crime and punishment of individuals who commit crimes.

28
Q

Civil Law

A

The body of law dealing with disputes between individuals or organizations, typically seeking compensation.

29
Q

Admistrative Law (boltgtaoaaog)

A

The body of law that governs the activities of administrative agencies of government.

30
Q

Jurisdiction

A

The authority of a court to hear and decide a case

31
Q

Stare Decisis

A

The legal principle of determining points in litigation according to precedent.

32
Q

Habeas corpus

A

A legal action requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court

33
Q

Uniform code of military justice

A

The set of criminal laws that apply to people in the military

34
Q

Original Jurisdiction

A

The authrotity of a court to hear a case for the first time

35
Q

Appellate Jurisdiction

A

The authority of a court to review decisions made by lower courts

36
Q

The Federal Court System

A

Comprises the Supreme Court, Courts of Appeals, and District Courts

37
Q

Judicial Review

A

The power of courts to declare laws unconsitutional

38
Q

Beliefs versus Preferences

A

Beliefs are convictions or acceptances that certain things are true, whlile preferences are desires or choices.

39
Q

Latent Issues

A

Issues that are not currently prominent but have the potential to become so

40
Q

Public Opinion

A

The collective attitudes and beliefs of individuals on one or more issues

41
Q

Political Socialization

A

The process by which individuals acquire their political beliefs and values

42
Q

Ideology

A

A system of ideas and ideals, escpecially those that form the basis of economic or political theory and policy

43
Q

DIfferent types of Ideology

A

Includes liberalism, conservatism, socialism, and libertarianism

44
Q

Gender Gap

A

The difference in political views or voting behavior betwen men and women

45
Q

Public Opnion Polling

A

The process of collecting and analyzing data on the public’s views

46
Q

Sample

A

A subset of the population used to represent the whole in polling

47
Q

Sample error

A

The margin of eror in polling results, indicating the level of accuracy

48
Q

Elements of a Scientific Poll

A

Includes random sampling, representative sampling, and a low margin error

49
Q

Literary Digest

A

A magazine konwn for its influential but flawed presidential election poll in 1936

50
Q

Elastic Clause

A

Allows congress to expand its power as needed

51
Q

Primary Responsibility

A

Serving and advocating for the interests of constituents

52
Q

Agency Representation

A

Accountability to voters through regular elections

53
Q

Incumbency Advantages

A

Media coverage and fundraising

54
Q

Gerrymandering

A

Redrawing districts to favor a political party’s success

55
Q

Legislative Organization problems

A

labor division and agenda setting

56
Q

Presidential Action

A

President’s power to approve or veto proposed laws

57
Q

Floor Action

A

Includes debates, amendments, and voting by members

58
Q

Veto power

A

President’s authority to reject Congressional acts

59
Q

Stewardship Theory

A

President should act for the nation’s best interests

60
Q

Marbury v Madison

A

Established the judiciary’s power of judicial review

61
Q

Borwn v Board of Education

A

Ended racial segregation in public school

US History (7 decks)

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