Final Exam Flashcards by Ally Sandager

what pulses are to be palpated after an acute traumatic injury to the knee

posterior tibial
dorsalis pedis

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action of the rectus femoris

flexes the hip
extends the knee

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if a palpable clunk or shift occurs approx 20-30 degrees of knee flexion during a pivot-shit test this may indicative of what

anterolateral rotary instability of the knee

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positive Thompson test is indicative of

ruptured Achilles tendon

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what muscle flexes both the foot and the knee

gastrocnemius

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which muscles invert the ankle

tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus

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a bball player reports with burning pain along the lateral aspect of his right knee during and after running, no edema or bruising is found but is tender. what special test may be positive

ober’s test

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a lacrosse player comes limping in with assistance, holding his right leg in slight hip and knee flexion with a large bulge in the proximal thigh; only able to partially straighten the leg and pain on the anterior thigh, what is it

ruptured rectus femoris muscle

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what test is used to detect a possible meniscal tear

McMurrays

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what type of force typically causes injury to the MCL, medial meniscus and ACL

valugs force with tibia in external rotation

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what is the recommended position for manually muscle testing the glute med

side-lying with affected limb on top

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proper method to test the biceps femoris

lying prone, resisting knee flexion with tibia in external rotation

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structures of the pelvis

coccyx
pubic symphysis
innominate bones
sacrum

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what is a sign for DVT after a traumatic injury

Homan’s sign

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tennis player with medial thigh pain, limping and pain with resisted pain adduction and hip flexion, diffuse tenderness and bruising along proximal medial thigh

groin strain

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of the calcaneofibular ligament is torn, what test would be positive

anterior drawer sign

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what is the best position to test the piriformis

side-lying

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true leg length discreptancy is measured between what 2 points

ASIS to medial malleolus

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grade 1 ankle inversion sprain involves what structure

anterior talofibular ligament

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how is the strength of the pes anserine muscles manually muscle tested

resistance to knee flexion and hip adduction

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a 2nd degree MCL sprain is characterized by

-pain along medial joint line
-nor gross knee instability, mild laxity in full knee extension during valgus testing
-difficulty actively flexing and extending the knee

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Trendelenburg’s test evaluates what structure

hip abductors

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what muscles internally rotate the hip

adductor magnus
gracilis
TFL
glute min

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what test is used to test the integrity of the LCL of the knee

varus stress

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what test would be positive for a torn PCL

sag sign posterior drawer

foot drop is indicative of

peroneal nerve injury

signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome

-paresthesia in the web space between 1st and 2nd toes -absent or diminished dorsalis pedis pulse -decreased strength in digit extension -decreased dorsiflexion

what produces the windlass effect

extension of the toes causes the calcaneus to come forward

high-riding patella which appears to be a camels hump

patella alta

what would a positive hip scouring test be indicative of

acetabular labral tear osteochondral defect

how to measure Q angle

-proximal arm on the ASIS -midpoint on patella -distal arm on tibial tuberosity

what vascular structure is behind the medial malleolus

posterior tibial atery

a quantative measure of what motion is to be calculated with a navicular drop test

pronation

true facts about MCL

-2 layers -attaches to medial malleolus -reinforces and thickens joint capsule

what structure stabilizes the pelvic girdle

scarum

what test is appropriate to assess tightness of the rectus femoris

thomas and ely test

what tarsal bone is the keystone bone and makes up the medial longitudinal arch

navicular

the relationship between the femoral head and femoral shaft in the transverse plane is known as

angle of torsion

walking on the heel to avoid push-off may be indicative of what

metatarsal injury plantar fascitis great toe pathology

angle of torsion greater than 20 degrees

anteverted

ankle must be in what position to palpate the dome of the talus

plantar flexion

decrease angle of inclination may lead to observation of what pathology of the knee

squinting patella

edema following a lateral ankle sprain tends to pool where

sinus tarsi

which deformity is the 1st metatarsal being shorter than the 2nd

morton's toe

the pelvis is formed by 3 pairs of fused bones and joined anteriorly by which

pubic symphysis

the best diagnostic accuracy with a high rate include

true positive true negative

in the presence of an ACL rupture, the recommendation is often surgery, what are long-term consequences of an ACL deficient knee

knee instability osteoarthritis meniscal degeneration

at what point does the AT initial evaluation of an injury begin

the moment the injury is witnessed

name the carpal bones

scaphoid lunate triquetrum pisiform hamate capitate trapezoid trapezium

borders of the cubital fossa and its contents

-elbow joint line -brachioradialis -pronator teres -includes brachial artery, radial artery, median nerve

which bone is fractured in a boxer's fracture

5th metacarpal

to test the function of the rhomboid major, what movement is instructred

scapular retraction

biceps brachaii tendon reflex correlates to what spinal level

what does scapular winging indicate

weak serratus anterior muscle

what infection surrounds the periphery of the fingernail and results in redness and swelling

paronychia

what carpal bone is palpable as the floor of the anatomical snuff box

scaphoid

what 2 structures are injured with a Bankart lesion

anterior capsule glenoid labrum

during an elbow eval, athlete points to the lateral aspect of his elbow and reports feeling pain, what conditions should be considered

-radiocapitellar chondromalacia -avulsion of common extensor tendon -annular ligament sprain

it is suspected that a 25 yo male has a labral tear of the shoulder, what diagnostic testing (imaging) should be performed

MRI ultrasound x-rays

Allen's test assess what

integrity of radial and ulnar arteries of the hand

you evaluate a bball player with a finger injury, they are unable to extend the distal phalanx and the tip of his finger, and is poisitoned in 30 degrees of flexion and determine it is mallet finger, what causes mallet finger

avulsion of the extensor tendon from its insertion

what structure is located medial to the biceps tendon at the elbow

ulnar nerve

what is the typical MOI for anterior shoulder dislocation

shoulder abduction with external rotation

inflammatory process signs and symtpoms

redness pain warmth swelling

if there is inflammation of the medial epicondyle of the elbow, what test would be positive

Golfer's elbow test

what is included in the pivot shift test of the elbow

axial load valgus force supination

what condition contributes to shoulder impingement

GH instability

a positive Phalen's test

carpal tunnel syndrome

what is a saddle joint with 2 degrees of freedon

1st carpometacarpal joint

what ligaments are on the lateral aspect of the elbow

annular ligament accessory collateral RCL LUCL

which ligament is the roof of the carpal tunnel

transverse carpal

during a wrist eval, the AT completes the Tinel test and athlete complains of tingling in the area, what should the AT doe

assess the integrity of the median nerve at the elbow, shoulder, and neck

possible factors as to why someone may be prone to injury

problems at home joint hypermobility poor endurance poor coordination

what imaging needs to be done for a fractured right humerus

x-rays

signs of an injury

-change in skin color or texture -change in body temp -change in BP -change in respiratory rate

during exam of a young pitcher, you have the athlete make a fist and extend the wrist against resistance while stabilizing the forearm, if you elicit pain at the lateral epicondyle what condition may you suspect

lateral epicondylitis

a QB is sacked and is holding his throwing arm and complains of chest and shoulder pain, after eval you suspect a torn pec muscle, what would be seen if it is a torn pec

weak adduction, flexion, and IR of the arm

unable to abduct through full ROM against gravity during a manual muscle test what grade would be assigned

-3/5

a positive clunk test is indicative of

glenoid labrum tear

a wrestler has a major elbow injury with intense pain and grossly swollen, unable to straighten the elbow and forearm appears shortened, you suspect a dislocation, where should you check for vascular impairment

brachial and radial pulses

a baseball player has diffuse pain, clicking, and sensation of slipping of his right shoulder during throwing, what might you suspect

labral pathology

what is a simple movement to check integrity of the radial nerve

wrist extension

after an acute musculoskeletal injury, like shoulder dislocation, the body releases a natural opiate-like substance called

endorphins

what angle is formed by the long axis of the humerus and ulna

carrying angle

during the exam a patient complains of weakness using the row machine and their lats appear atrophies, what nerve is affected

thoracodorsal

what is it called when the alignment of the forearm and humerus fully extends beyond 0 degrees

cubital recurvatum

what carpal bone is most commonly dislocated

lunate

what carpal bone is most commonly fractures

scaphoid

athlete complains of collection of thick fluid within a tendinous sheath of her wrist extensor tendons, what is the most appropriate advice to give

tape to limit wrist flexion and avoid repetitive flexion exercises

what muscles adduct the shoulder

pec major teres major subscapularis lats

what muscle supinates the forearm and flexes the shoulder

biceps brachaii

Speed's test is indicative of

bicepital tendinitis

with the patient sitting, the scapula is stabilized, and the shoulder is maximally flexes, the PT complains and appears apprehensive, this is what test

Neer's

what does a positive drop arm sign indicate

torn rotator cuff muscle

what are the tarsal bones

calcaneus talus navicular cuboid 3 cuneiforms

4 compartments of the leg

anterior lateral deep posterior superficial posterior

Ottawa ankle rules

-patient unable to walk 4 steps immediately after injury and time of exam -pain during palpation of lateral malleolus or medial malleolus -pain during palpation of base of 5th or navicular

coxa vara of hip

angle of inclination less than 120 degrees -leg would be shorter

coxa valga of the hip

angle of inclination greater than 135 degrees -leg would be larger

anteversion angle of torsion

greater than 15 degrees -squinting patella -toe-in gait

retroversion angle of torsion

less than 8 degrees -frog-eye patella -toe-out gait

pes anerine muscle group

gracilus sartorius semitendinosus

ottawa knee rules

-over 55 yo -tenderness over fibular head -palpable, isolated tenderness of the patella -unable to flex the knee 90 degrees -unable to bear weight for 4 steps immediately after and/or during exam

genu valgum of the knee

knock knees

genus varum

bowlegged

what is golfer's elbow

medial epicondylitis

what is tennis elbow

lateral epicondylitis

cubitus varus

arm is straighented next to the body

cubitus valgus

elbow is bent away from the body

Colles' fracture

posterior/dorsal displacement of the distal radius -MOI: FOOSH

Smith's fracture

anterior/volar displacement of the distal radius -MOI: falling on the back of the hand

carpal tunnel floor, roof, and contents

-floor: carpal bones -roof: transverse carpal ligament -contents: 8 flexor tendons, synovial sheaths, median nerve