Final Exam

Question 1

Speciation

Answer 1

The process by which one species splits into two species

Question 2

Microevolution

Answer 2

Changes in allele frequency in a population over time

Question 3

Macroevolution

Answer 3

Broad patterns of evolutionary change above the species level

Question 4

How do new species originate from existing species

Answer 4

Over time, populations of a single species connected by gene flow can diverge genetically, giving rise to a new species

Question 5

Reproductive isolation results when

Answer 5

biological barriers impede members of two species from interbreeding and producing viable, fertile offspring

Question 6

Zygote

Answer 6

the diploid cell produced by the union of haploid gametes during fertilization

Question 7

Prezygotic barriers: Habitat Isolation

Answer 7

Two species that occupy different habitats within the same area may encounter each other rarely, if at all

Question 8

Prezygotic barriers: Temporal Isolation

Answer 8

Species that breed at different times of the day, in different seasons, or in different years cannot mix their gametes

Question 9

Prezygotic barriers: Behavioral Isolation

Answer 9

Courtship rituals and other behaviors unique to a species are effective barriers to mating

Question 10

Prezygotic barriers: Pollinator Isolation

Answer 10

Species of plant that attract different types of pollinators have a barrier to reproduction

Question 11

Prezygotic barriers: Mechanical Isolation

Answer 11

Mating is attempted but morphological difference prevent its successful completion

Question 12

Prezygotic barriers: Gametic Isolation

Answer 12

The sperm of one species may not be able to fertilize the eggs of another species

Question 13

Postzygotic Barriers: Reduced Hybrid Viability

Answer 13

Genes of different parent species may interact in ways that impair the hybrid’s development or survival in its environment

Question 14

Postzygotic Barriers: Reduced Hybrid fertility

Answer 14

Meiosis may fail to produce normal gametes, resulting in sterility, if the parent species have chromosomes of different numbers of structure

Question 15

Postzygotic Barriers: Hybrid Breakdown

Answer 15

First Generation hybrids are viable and fertile, but offspring in the next generation are feeble or sterile

Question 16

Speciation

Answer 16

the formation of a new species over geological time

Question 17

Geographic Isolation

Answer 17

process of which the evolution of new species

Question 18

Allopatric Speciation

Answer 18

over time, the populations become so different that they cannot interbreed and they evolve into new species

Question 19

Geographic separation

Answer 19

creates two populations who are isolated from each other and result to no genetic exchange can occur between them

Question 20

Divergence

Answer 20

involves accumulation of independent genetic differences between groups

Question 21

Sympatric speciation

Answer 21

the evolution of new species without geographic isolation

Question 22

Factoes that reduce the gene flow

Answer 22

1. polyploidy
2. sexual selection
3. habitat differentiation

Question 23

Polyploidy

Answer 23

the presence of extra set of chromosome that can accidentally occur during cell division

Question 24

Drivers of sympatric speciation: Polyploidy

Answer 24

• Can form a new species within a single generation without geographic separation

Question 25

Drivers of sympatric speciation: Habitat Differentiation

Answer 25

• result from the exploitation of new habitats or resources