Exam 2 Flashcards
Weather
daily conditions in the atmosphere and our surroundings; constantly changing
Climate
the average weather over a long period (decades) or prevailing weather conditions over Years
- Indcludes: temperature, rainfall, air pressure, winds, sunshine, cloudness
The intensity of sunlight
affected by the angle of impact
- At the poles, sunlight hits at an oblique angle, making the light energy more diffuse and less intense
Determinant factos of climate
- Latitude and altitude
- Atmospheric and Oceanic circulation
- Topography
Climate is season due to
tilt of the Earth and its annual orbit around the sun biomes
Benthic zone
the bottom surface of an aquatic environment
pelagic zone
the open water component of aquatic biomes
Biomes
- large scale communities
- defined by rainfall and temperature, usually classified by the dominant plants
Population
a group of individuals of a single species living in the same general area
immigration
the influx of new individuals from other areas
emigration
the movement of individuals out of a population
Populations have 4 key properties
- size
- Density
- Dispersion
- Rate of change in size over time `
Size
the total number of individuals in the population (N)
Density
the number of individual per unit area or volume
Dispersion
the distribution of individuals in the population
Rate of change in size over time
growth decline, or stability
Lincoln index (Peterson index)
N = MC/R
N - population size
M - # captured & marked
C - # captured in 2nd sample
R - # recaptured in 2nd sample
random dispersion
- unpredictable spacing
- the position of each individual is independent of other individuals
Clumped dispersion
- individuals aggregate in patches
Uniform dispersion
- individuals are evenly spaced
Population increases
births and immigrants
Population decrease
deaths and emigrants
Population growth
geometric and exponential models describe population growth in an. idealized environment with unlimited resources and good condition
Exponential growth
there is no competition and death rates are low; continuous growth
Geometric growth
there is growth but at certian times; there is a gap between production and no production
Logistic growth
regulated because it can decrease the population
Carrying capacity
the maximum number of organisms that the environment can support
Population growth rate
the number of new individuals that are produced per unit of time minus the number of individuals that die
Exponential growth model
Nt = N0 e^rt
Nt - future population size
N0 - current population size
r - intrinsic growth rate
t - time over which a population grows
