Exam 2

Question 1

Weather

Answer 1

daily conditions in the atmosphere and our surroundings; constantly changing

Question 2

Climate

Answer 2

the average weather over a long period (decades) or prevailing weather conditions over Years
- Indcludes: temperature, rainfall, air pressure, winds, sunshine, cloudness

Question 3

The intensity of sunlight

Answer 3

affected by the angle of impact
- At the poles, sunlight hits at an oblique angle, making the light energy more diffuse and less intense

Question 4

Determinant factos of climate

Answer 4

• Latitude and altitude
• Atmospheric and Oceanic circulation
• Topography

Question 5

Climate is season due to

Answer 5

tilt of the Earth and its annual orbit around the sun biomes

Question 6

Benthic zone

Answer 6

the bottom surface of an aquatic environment

Question 7

pelagic zone

Answer 7

the open water component of aquatic biomes

Question 8

Biomes

Answer 8

• large scale communities
• defined by rainfall and temperature, usually classified by the dominant plants

Question 9

Population

Answer 9

a group of individuals of a single species living in the same general area

Question 10

immigration

Answer 10

the influx of new individuals from other areas

Question 11

emigration

Answer 11

the movement of individuals out of a population

Question 12

Populations have 4 key properties

Answer 12

1. size
2. Density
3. Dispersion
4. Rate of change in size over time `

Question 13

Size

Answer 13

the total number of individuals in the population (N)

Question 14

Density

Answer 14

the number of individual per unit area or volume

Question 15

Dispersion

Answer 15

the distribution of individuals in the population

Question 16

Rate of change in size over time

Answer 16

growth decline, or stability

Question 17

Lincoln index (Peterson index)

Answer 17

N = MC/R
N - population size
M - # captured & marked
C - # captured in 2nd sample
R - # recaptured in 2nd sample

Question 18

random dispersion

Answer 18

• unpredictable spacing
• the position of each individual is independent of other individuals

Question 19

Clumped dispersion

Answer 19

• individuals aggregate in patches

Question 20

Uniform dispersion

Answer 20

• individuals are evenly spaced

Question 21

Population increases

Answer 21

births and immigrants

Question 22

Population decrease

Answer 22

deaths and emigrants

Question 23

Population growth

Answer 23

geometric and exponential models describe population growth in an. idealized environment with unlimited resources and good condition

Question 24

Exponential growth

Answer 24

there is no competition and death rates are low; continuous growth

Question 25

Geometric growth

Answer 25

there is growth but at certian times; there is a gap between production and no production

Question 26

Logistic growth

Answer 26

regulated because it can decrease the population

Question 27

Carrying capacity

Answer 27

the maximum number of organisms that the environment can support

Question 28

Population growth rate

Answer 28

the number of new individuals that are produced per unit of time minus the number of individuals that die

Question 29

Exponential growth model

Answer 29

Nt = N0 e^rt
Nt - future population size
N0 - current population size
r - intrinsic growth rate
t - time over which a population grows