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final exam Flashcards

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1
Q

The exclusionary rule is a demonstration of what type of judicial action?

A

Judicial Activism

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2
Q

A court-martial is a court which tries cases involving:

A

Military Personnel

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3
Q

The U.S. Court of Federal Claims handles:

A

Citizens wishing redress from the government

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4
Q

The majority opinion of a Supreme Court case is:

A

Appellate

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5
Q

The Supreme Court has which type of jurisdiction?

A

Appellate and original jurisdiction

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6
Q

These courts act as the judicial system for the nation’s capital:

A

The districts of Columbia court

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7
Q

Which court hears appeals from the Board of Veterans Appeals?

A

The court of Appeals for veterans claims

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8
Q

Which court reviews court-martial convictions?

A

The court of Appeals for Armed Forces

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9
Q

Which court hears civil disputes arising out of U.S. tax laws?

A

U.S. tax courts

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10
Q

Which court hears claims for damages against the Federal Government?

A

The united states courts of Federal Claims

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11
Q

What do we call the Federal Courts that were created by Congress to hear only certain special cases?

A

Special Courts

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12
Q

What do we call the period of time when Supreme Court Justices consider cases in which they have heard oral arguments?

A

The court in conference

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13
Q

What do we call the written documents that are drafted to support a party’s oral argument before the Supreme Court? (Some of these are filed as amicus curiae.)

A

Briefs

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14
Q

What are two ways a case may reach the supreme court of the U.S.?

A

Writ of Certiorari and Certificate

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15
Q

What are three opinions that can be issued by the supreme court of the U.S.?

A

Concurring, dissenting, and majority

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16
Q

What term is defined as the power of the federal court to determine the constitutionality of an act of government?

A

Judicial Review

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17
Q

How many justices sit on the Supreme Court of the United States?

A

9 Justices

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18
Q

The Federal Courts of appeals hear which types of cases?

A

Appellate Cases

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19
Q

The Federal District Courts have:

A

original jurisdiction over most cases that are heard in the federal courts

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20
Q

Which of the following is not an inferior Court?

A

Supreme Court

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21
Q

How many federal district courts are there?

A

94

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22
Q

In which federal court are most cases heard?

A

Federal District Courts

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23
Q

Which Federal Courts have original jurisdiction over the majority of cases in the federal caseload?

A

Federal District Courts

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24
Q

Federal judges are appointed by:

A

The President

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25
Q

Which of the following is the only court established by the Constitution?

A

United States Supreme Court

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26
Q

How long do federal constitutional court Justices serve?

A

Life

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27
Q

What are the four types of jurisdiction in the judiciary?

A

exclusive, concurring, original, and appellate

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28
Q

What are the two kinds of Federal Courts?

A

special courts and constitutional courts

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29
Q

What do we call the system of two levels of independently operating courts in the United States?

A

Duel-Court Systems

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30
Q

A state has the following four characteristics:

A

population, territory, sovereignty, government

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31
Q

in a democracy, the supreme political authority rests with:

A

the people

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32
Q

What constitutes a confederacy?

A

nation states that form together

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33
Q

What constitutes a federal system?

A

regional governments with superseding more powerful government

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34
Q

What constitutes a presidential system?

A

the president is elected separately from the legislature

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35
Q

What constitutes a parliamentary system?

A

the executive is chosen by legislative

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36
Q

What was the name of the original constitution of the United States?

A

Articles of Confederation

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37
Q

Which Article of the U.S. Constitution deals with the Congress of the United States?

A

Article 1

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38
Q

Which Article of the U.S. Constitution deals with the President and Vice President of the United States?

A

Article 2

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39
Q

Which Article of the Constitution establishes the legislative process?

A

Article 1

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40
Q

What are the two themes of Article 1 Section 8 (Powers of Congress)?

A

Military and Economy

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41
Q

Which amendment forbids excessive bail or fines?

A

8th amendment

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42
Q

Which amendment gave three electoral votes to Washington, D.C?

A

23rd amendment

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43
Q

Which amendment deals with substantive due process, and the equal protection clause?

A

14th amendment

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44
Q

Which amendment deals with limiting the terms of office of the POTUS to two terms or ten years?

A

22nd amendment

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45
Q

Which amendment deals with issues regarding unreasonable search and seizure?

A

4th amendment

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46
Q

Which amendment abolished slavery?

A

13th amendment

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47
Q

Which amendment legalized income tax?

A

16th amendment

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48
Q

Which amendment established the civil liberties of speech, press, religion, peaceful assembly and to petition the government?

A

Ist amendment

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49
Q

Which amendment resulted in suffrage for women?

A

19th amendment

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50
Q

Which amendment granted suffrage rights to those 18 years of age and older?

A

26th amendment

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51
Q

Which amendment guarantees those accused of crimes a fair, speedy trial, the right to know their accusers, the right to defense counsel, etcetera?

A

6th amendment

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52
Q

Which amendment is known as the direct election of Senators Amendment?

A

17th amendment

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53
Q

The principle of government that favors a national government with three independent branches is called:

A

separation of powers

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54
Q

This constitutional principle is drawn from constitutionalism. It expressly grants powers to the national government so that it doesn’t extend said power.

A

Limited Government

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55
Q

The constitutional principle that is drawn from the political ideal that legitimate government can only come from the will of the majority.

A

Democracy

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56
Q

The constitutional principle that states that federal courts may declare a law unconstitutional is known as:

A

Judicial Review

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57
Q

This constitutional principle states that one branch of government should have the power to, under certain circumstances, be able to interfere and inhibit another branch of government to prevent an abuse of power:

A

Checks and Balances

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58
Q

The first ten amendments to the Constitution are called the

A

Bill of Rights

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59
Q

At present the number of formal amendments to the Constitution is:

A

27 Amendments

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60
Q

With what ancient culture does the idea of “rule of law” originate?

A

Roman

61
Q

With what ancient culture does the idea of democracy originate?

A

Greek

62
Q

These are gifts of money from the National Government with broadly defined purposes, and with very few strings attached:

A

Block grants

63
Q

These are gifts of money from the National Government with many strings attached to insure the money is used for a specific purpose by the state governments:

A

grant and aid (Categorical Grants)

64
Q

This is the legal process in which a fugitive from justice is returned to the state where he/she allegedly perpetrated the crime:

A

Extradition law

65
Q

The nation’s first two political parties were:

A

Federalists and Democratic Republicans

66
Q

Identify the linkage institutions discussed in class.

A

elections, media, interest groups, political parties

67
Q

What are the social factors that typically influence political party membership?

A

split-ticket voting, scandals surrounding national conventions, and growth of single-issue organizations

68
Q

This is the specified length of time served by elected officials in their elected offices.

A

6 years

69
Q

This is the distribution of congressional seats (membership) among the states on the basis of their respective populations:

A

apportion

70
Q

When Congress prepares to (re)apportion, or (re)distribute, the seats in the House of Representatives it:

A

apportions among the states based on population

71
Q

If the territory of a congressional district is not compact, the States’ legislature may have drawn its districts’ boundaries using a process called:

A

gerrymandering

72
Q

Unlike most House members, senators are elected by all State voters from one Statewide slate in a(n):

A

popular election

73
Q

A citizen from the home State of a Congressman, whom he or she represents in Washington, D.C. is called a:

A

representative

74
Q

The length of service for Congress begins on the 3rd day of January of every odd-numbered year and is called a:

A

session

75
Q

To run for a House of Representatives seat, you must be no younger than:

A

25 years old

76
Q

The main benefit of a bicameral Congress is that:

A

prevents legislative branch from having too much power

77
Q

The total number of members in the House of Representatives is:

A

435 members

78
Q

What classification of Congressman decides solely on their own how to vote on public policy?

A

trustees

79
Q

The practical reason behind establishing a bicameral legislature was:

A

the necessity to find compromise between the New Jersey and Virginia Plans

80
Q

Which of the following is a major role of members of Congress?

A

servants of their constituents

81
Q

Three-fifths of the Senate can stop a filibuster by voting for a:

A

cloture vote

82
Q

At its convention, a political party states its basic beliefs and ideas in its

A

Platform

83
Q

A President is usually able to gain the nomination to run for reelection easily because he is

A

well known

84
Q

When people vote for President, they are really voting for the State’s:

A

electoral college

85
Q

The President’s responsibility to supervise the military is carried out in the role of:

A

commander in chief

86
Q

The House of Representatives chooses the President if no candidate receives a majority of votes in the:

A

electoral college

87
Q

To be President, you must be no younger than:

A

35 years old

88
Q

The major event at a national convention is:

A

select nominees

89
Q

Most of the delegates to a national convention are chosen by:

A

the party

90
Q

The President’s annual salary is currently:

A

$400,000

91
Q

Who is in line for presidential succession following the Vice President?

A

speaker of the house

92
Q

Which amendment to the Constitution modified the electoral college to avoid electoral ties for the office of President?

A

12th amendment

93
Q

Which of the following is a possible flaw of the electoral college system?

A

tie or no winner

94
Q

Which one of the following is/are not official job(s) given to the vice president?

A

commander in chief

95
Q

The Executive Article of the
Constitution is:

A

Article 2

96
Q

The two views of presidential power are mostly centered on:

A

extent of powers

97
Q

The President is commanded to execute the provisions of federal law by:

A

oath of office

98
Q

Identify the government officials not appointed by the POTUS.

A

speaker of the house

99
Q

What is a treaty?

A

formal agreement

100
Q

This clause of the Constitution states that one state may not enforce another’s criminal laws, but does have to recognize another state’s civil judgments.

A

full faith and credit clause

101
Q

These are the powers granted to the states:

A

reserved powers

102
Q

These are powers shared by the National and State Governments:

A

concurrent powers

103
Q

These are powers that can only be exercised by the National Government, as some are expressly forbidden to the states:

A

exclusive powers

104
Q

This is an agreement among states. Over 200 exist today:

A

interstate compact

105
Q

Which portion of the Constitution is largely responsible for the reserved powers of the U.S. Government?

A

10th amendment

106
Q

According to the Constitution, what form of government must the national government guarantee to each state?

A

republican form of government

107
Q

This clause of the Constitution states that national law supersedes state law:

A

supremacy clause

108
Q

This Supreme Court case stated that full faith and credit did not extend to matters of divorce:

A

William vs. North Carolina

109
Q

This Supreme Court case enforced the Supremacy Clause:

A

McCulloch vs. Maryland

110
Q

This category of the reserved powers is responsible for building codes and motor vehicle laws:

A

Public Inconvenience

111
Q

The Republican Party dominated the presidency from:

A

1860 - 1932

112
Q

Identify the types of minor parties in the United States.

A

Green Party
Independent Party
Libertarian Party
(answer on test: except regulatory)

113
Q

Identify the functions that political parties fulfill.

A
  1. Recruiting and nominating candidates
  2. Educating the electorate about campaign issues
  3. Helping candidates win elections
  4. Monitoring actions of officeholders (answer on test: except supplying all campaign funding)
114
Q

When Democrats and Republicans cooperate with one another, they are acting in a way.

A

bipartisan

115
Q

What political science law states that the simple majority, single ballot system favors the two-party political system?

A

Duverger’s law

116
Q

When acting as head of the nation’s armed forces, the President is filling the role of:

A

commander in chief

117
Q

A presidential veto of legislation can only be overturned by a

A

two thirds vote in both houses of congress

118
Q

Reprieves and pardons are both examples of the President’s:

A

clemency power

119
Q

If a President wishes to avoid involving the Senate in making foreign policy, he can negotiate a(n):

A

executive agreement

120
Q

When the President forgives a large group of people for their illegal actions, he does so by granting:

A

amnesty

121
Q

The National Security Council advises the President on:

A

integration of domestic, foreign, and military policies

122
Q

The release of a person from punishment or legal consequences of a crime is called a:

A

pardon

123
Q

Most of the informal powers of the
POTUS stem from which clause of the U. S. Constitution?

A

vesting clause

124
Q

These are presidentially issued documents (informal Presidential power) that are kept by the Federal Register and defined as “rules, regulation issued by a chief executive or his/her subordinates, based upon either constitutional or statutory authority and having the force of law.”

A

executive orders

125
Q

Staff agencies are created to

A

aid other agencies

126
Q

All heads of the executive departments are known as secretaries except for the:

A

Head of the department of justice
- the attorney general

127
Q

Members of the Cabinet act as heads of their departments as well as:

A

advisors to the president

128
Q

The U.S. Postal Service is an example of:

A

government corporations

129
Q

The Pendleton Act established:

A

merit as the basis for hiring and other personnel actions in the civil service

130
Q

The function of the Office of Personnel Management is to:

A

Aid in the standing of civil service positions through civil tests and other means

131
Q

What is responsible for running the Federal Government’s day-to-day business?

A

Federal Bureaucracy

132
Q

The franking privilege allows members of Congress to:

A

send items in mail for free

133
Q

The Constitution grants all of the following powers to Congress
EXCEPT: (category of Congressional
Powers)

A

reserved powers

134
Q

Strict constructionists favored Congress exercising

A

only expressed powers

135
Q

The commerce power gives Congress the right to

A

regulate interstate and foreign trade

136
Q

The process by which a citizen of one country becomes a citizen of another is known as:

A

naturalization

137
Q

Which of the following is not a jurisdiction granted by the Commerce Clause to the U.S. Congress?

A

interstate

138
Q

Who determines modern fiscal policy for the United States?

A

federal government

139
Q

Lowering taxes, granting subsidies, and decreasing or removing regulations are facets of which type of fiscal policy?

A

expansionary

140
Q

Increasing taxes, lowering or removing subsidies, and high regulations are facets of which type of fiscal policy?

A

contractive

141
Q

Identify the main tools of fiscal policy?

A

tax rates, government spending

142
Q

The presiding officer of the House of Representatives is:

A

speaker of the house

143
Q

Identify the responsibilities of the party whips.

A

provide communication and rounds up party members for votes

144
Q

Identify the responsibilities of The House Rules Committee.

A

review most bills after they come from the full committee and before they go to the full chamber for consideration

145
Q

A conference committee is formed to:

A

a temporary joint committee created to settle differences in versions of a bill passed by each house of Congress.

146
Q

Riders are:

A

measures attached to a bill dealing with an unrelated matter

147
Q

A filibuster is:

A

a method of using debate to end a bill in the Senate, delay a bill

148
Q

What are options for the President for dealing with a bill once he receives it?

A

Sign and pass the bill, Refuse to sign, or veto the bill, or take no action and after 10 days will become a law

149
Q

The most powerful member of the Senate is:

A

majority leader

government (16 decks)

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