Final Exam Flashcards
1
Q
Structural Classification of Joints
A
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
2
Q
Fibrous Joints
A
- Fibrous connective tissue that connect bones
- Little to no movement
- No joint cavity
3
Q
Cartilaginous Joints
A
- Bones connected by cartilage
- Lack a joint cavity
4
Q
Synovial Joints
A
- Most moveable joint
- Contains fluid filled joint cavity
5
Q
Structure of Synovial Joints
A
- Articular joints: both bones end in cartilage to absorb compression
- Joint cavity: a space filled with synovial fluid
6
Q
Joint movements
A
- Gliding
- Angular movement: flexion & extension, abduction & adduction, circumduction
- Rotation: axis & atlas and hip & shoulder joint
7
Q
Special Movements
A
- Supination
- Pronation
- Opposition
- Inversion & Eversion
- Dorsiflexion & Plantar flexion
8
Q
Properties of Muscle Tissue
A
- Extensibility
- Elasticity
- Contractility
- Excitability
9
Q
Functions of Muscle Tissue
A
- Produce movement
- Open & close body passageways
- Maintain posture & stabilize joints
- Heart Generation: maintain normal body temp.
10
Q
Central Nervous System Divison
A
- Brain
- Spinal cord
11
Q
Peripheral Nervous System Division
A
- Nerves (cranial & spinal)
- Ganglia
12
Q
Neurons
A
- Recieves input from other cells & pass electrical messages on to other cells
- Features: cell body, dendrites, axon
13
Q
Rods & Cons
A
- Responsible for converting light that enters your eye into electronical signals that can be decoded by the vision center of the brain
14
Q
Meninges
A
- 3 layers of membrane that protect the brain
- Pia Mater: inner layer
- Arachnoid: middle layer
- Dura Mater: outer layer
15
Q
Cerebrospinal Fluid
A
- Fills hollow cavities of brain & spinal cord
- Provides liquid cushioning
- Functions: nourishes brain & spinal cord, removes waste, carries chemical signals between parts of the CNS
16
Q
Blood-Brain Barrier
A
- Prevents most blood-born toxins from entering the brain
- Impermeable capillaries
- Not an absolute barrier: allows passage of oxygen and also alcohol, nicotine and anesthetics
17
Q
The cerebrum
A
- Frontal Lobe
- Parietal Lobe
- Temporal Lobe
- Occipital Lobe
- Motor Strip
- Sensory Strip
- Cerebellum
18
Q
Thalamus
A
- Sorts sensory impulses
- Directs impulses within the cerebral cortex
19
Q
Hypothalamus
A
- Maintains homeostasis (perfect balance in the body)
- Controls sympathetic & parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system
- influences heartbeat, blood flow, hormone secretion
20
Q
Endocardium
A
- Thin smooth layer inside the chambers of the heart
21
Q
Myocardium
A
- Heart muscle, thickest layer, pumps blood
22
Q
Epicardium
A
- Membrane that forms the outermost layer of the heart wall
- Part of the Pericardium
23
Q
Pericardium
A
- Sack that encloses the heart
- Connects tissues
- Helps to anchor the heart in the chest
24
Q
Tissues of the heart wall
A
- Epicardium
- Myocardium
- Pericardium
- Endocardium
25
Q
Risk factors for Heart Disease
A
- Age
- Sex
- Family History
- Smoking
- Poor Diet
- High Blood Pressure & Cholesterol
- Diabetes
- Obesity
- Physical Inactivity
- Stress
- Poor Hygiene
- Chemo or Radio therapy for Cancer
26
Q
Functions of the Larynx
A
- Voice production
- Provides and open airway
- Routes air & food into proper channels
27
Q
Functions & Features of the Trachea
A
- Features: extends from larynx to its division into left & right bronchi
- Functions: carry air in & out of your lungs
28
Q
Bronchi/Bronchioles
A
- Bronchi: outside the lungs, supoorted by cartilage
- Bronchioles: lack cartilage but have smooth muscle, lack mucous but still have ciliated cells
29
Q
Alveoli
A
- 400 million alveoli account for lareg amount of surface area for gas exchange
30
Q
Difference between left & right lung
A
Right Lung
- superior, middle & inferior lobes
Left Lung
- superior & inferior lobes
- cardiac notch: the depression that accomodates the heart
31
Q
Alleles
A
- Matching genes, one from the father and one from the mother
32
Q
Genotype
A
- A scoring of a type of varient
- ex. AA, Aa, aa
33
Q
Phenotype
A
- The observational characteristics of an individual resulting from the expression of genes
34
Q
Number of Chromosmes
A
- 46
- 22 autosome pairs
- 1 sex chromosome pair
35
Q
Incomplete Dominance
A
- A condition where 3 genotypes are expressed
- occurs when the dominant allele does not completely mask the recessive allele
36
Q
Co-Dominance
A
- Occurs when both alleles are expressed & result in an entirely new phenotype
37
Q
Multipel Allelism
A
- Occurs when more than two alleles are present for a given gene
- ex, blood typing; which exhibits both co-dominance and multiple allelism
38
Q
Polygenic Inheritance
A
- Occurs when more than one gene affects a trait. each additional gene gives addictive effects
- multiple genes that effect one trait (eye colour or hair colour)
