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THRT 1101 > FINAL EXAM! 1101 > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM! 1101 Flashcards

1
Q

What is assessment? What are the 4 types of assessments? What is a need?

A

Assessment - systematic gathering of targeted information to determine a client’s strengths, barriers and needs

4 types of assessment are:

  • Observation and inferences, observation: what you actually see or hear, observable facts, inference: your interpretation of the meaning behind the behaviour, rules: minimum of 3 observations and inferences, on 3 different days, 3 different times of day, in 3 different situations and each observation/inference should be at least 15 minutes in length
  • Leisure interview/conversation, 1:1, leisure inventory, leisure interview questions, trying to gather leisure knowledge and awareness based on past experiences
  • Background information - medical records/charts/documents, culture/where they are from,
  • Standardized tools - RELIABLE: produces similar results with different implementers, VALID: measures what is intended to measure ex. LDB leisure diagnostic battery and LAS leisure attitude scale
  • Need – Is a positive restatement of the barrier/issue i.e. improve, increase, develop
  • A need is NOT how we are going to “fix” and address the need
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2
Q

What is planning? What is a SMART goal? What is an activity analysis? What is an activity analysis used for in TR?

A

Planning - Plans are made to meet the client’s needs
IPP = individual program plan
SMART goals = specific and strategic, measureable, attainable, results oriented, timebound
Activity analysis = done during planning stage, completed without regard for any particular client group, analysis of the activity as it is typically performed
-evaluates potential value of the activity
Used in TR to: match client needs to the activity and intended outcomes, identify where to modify or adapt thereby increasing opportunities for participation by different clients

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3
Q

What is Implementation? What are technical (hard) skills and facilitation (soft) skills?

A

Implementation - Putting the plan into action
-1:1, small groups, large groups
Technical skills - hard skills, job tasks
Facilitation skills - soft skills, interpersonal skills, leadership skills

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4
Q

What is evaluation?

A

Evaluation - Was the intervention effective?
Progress notes
Pre-post test scores
GAS - goal attainment scaling
Consultation with family/staff to note changes observed by others
Determine if IPP goals and objectives were achieved, do we need to make them more attainable or more challenging or make new goals?
Write progress notes during implementation - regularly scheduled (daily, weekly, monthly or after an exception)
Evaluate after a set period of time if goal is achieved

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5
Q

What are the 4 ways TRP’s role to strengthen environmental resources in the FTL model?

A
  • facilitating real choices for leisure
  • facilitating typical lifestyle rhythms
  • facilitating social supports - exploring social networks
  • facilitating inclusive environments (physically, administratively, and programmatically)
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6
Q

What is the TRP’s role to Enhance Leisure Experiences in the FTL model?

A
  • TRS support in two ways
    1. Through facilitating a participants leisure skill and knowledge
    2. Facilitating environments to support the experience
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7
Q

What is the focus of the FTL model?

A

Individual in their environment

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8
Q

What are the two main founding principles of the FTL model?

A
  • grounded in the social model of disability

- based on ecological perspective

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9
Q

Identify and describe the 5 areas to develop resources in the LWM PSCPE

A
  • Psychological resources: capacity for happiness, emotional regulation
  • Social resources: communication skills, interpersonal skills
  • Cognitive resources: ability to attend, concentration, memory
  • Physical resources: physical health, physical fitness
  • Environmental resources: social connectedness & social networks, community engagement/empowerment
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10
Q

Identify and describe the 5 leisure experiences of the LWM SAMLV

A
  • Savouring leisure - paying attention to the positive aspects and emotions associated with leisure experience
  • Authentic leisure - reflective of essential aspects of self knowing and owning
  • Mindful leisure - full engagement in the experience with simultaneous disengagement from the concerns of everyday life
  • Leisure gratifications - leisure that is optimally challenging and engaging, enjoyable, leads to effort and commitment
  • Virtuous leisure - leisure that is service to something larger than oneself
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11
Q

According to the LWM, What does personal growth require? IPE and DRCSWB

A
  • Increased positive emotion

- Development of resources and capacities which support well-being

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12
Q

Describe the 3 components of the HP/HP model?

PRL

A
  • Prescriptive Activities - TRP’s help activate clients, stability tendency is paramount (health protection) - TRP driven
  • Recreation - re-creation, actualization tendency emerges and stabilizing tendencies decline (health promotion)- Mutual participation of client and TRP
  • Leisure - intrinsic motivation is main component of leisure - Client directed
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13
Q

What is the mission of TR according to the Health Protection/Health Promotion Model?

A

To use activity, recreation and leisure to help people deal with barriers to health and assist them to grow toward their highest level of health and wellness

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14
Q

Name and briefly describe the coded components and their coding letter

A
  1. Body structures - s - anatomical parts of the body
  2. Body functions - b - physiological functions of body systems
  3. Activities - d - the execution of a task or action by an individual
  4. Participation - d - involvement in a life situation
  5. Environmental Factors - e - make up the physical, social and attitudinal environment in which people live and conduct their lives
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15
Q

What are the qualifiers?

NMMSC
no mild moderate severe complete (ALL)
And
No mild moderate substantial complete (Facilitator)

A 
Identify the qualifiers for: 
-Environment=E; barrier/facilitator 
.0 = no barrier
.1 = mild barrier 
.2 = moderate barrier 
.3 = severe barrier 
.4 = complete barrier 
Facilitators (+)
.+0 = no facilitator 
.+1 = mild facilitator
.+2 = moderate facilitator 
.+3 = substantial facilitator 
.+4 = complete facilitator

-Activities and participation=D; difficulty, current performance; capacity without assistance and capacity with assistance
1st number = current performance in their current environment, includes assistive devices or personal assistance
2nd number = highest probable level of functioning of the person at a given moment WITHOUT ASSISTANCE
3rd number = highest probable level of functioning of the person at a given moment WITH ASSISTANCE

These qualifiers allow for comparison between performance and capacity 
.0 = NO difficulty 
.1 = MILD difficulty 
.2 = MODERATE difficulty 
.3 = SEVERE difficulty 
.4 = COMPLETE difficulty
-Body Function=B, body structure=S  
.0= NO impairment 
.1 = MILD impairment 
.2 = MODERATE impairment 
.3 = SEVERE impairment 
.4 = COMPLETE impairment
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16
Q

What model of health does the ICF follow? Understand the differences between the three models of health

A

ICF follows the BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL

  • Medical Model - views disability as a feature of the person, directly caused by disease, trauma or other health condition which requires medical care provided in the form of individual treatment by professionals
  • Social Model - sees disability as a socially-created problem and not an attribute of an individual
  • Biopsychosocial Model - an integration of medical and social perspectives
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17
Q

What is the main American Legislation on the RIghts of Persons with Disabilities and when did it come into law?

A

The American with Disabilities Act of 1990

Prohibits discrimination based on disability in all areas of public life

Required reasonable accommodation be made to facilitate participation by removing barriers and adding aids

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18
Q

What is the main Canadian Legislation on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and when did it come into law?

A

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms - 1982

All people have equal rights, regardless of ability

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19
Q

Discuss Pinel and Tuke’s role in the humanitarian movement

A

Philippe Pinel - director of largest hospital for people with insanity in paris “moral treatment”

  • Milieu therapy principles
    a) Removed patients from dungeons and chains
    b) Allowed people to live in sunny rooms, home-like environment
    c) Encouraged exercise and movement in grounds
  • Productive work - daily activities

William Tuke - around the same time as Pinel but in the US

a) Founded York Retreat
b) People with mental illness lived freely in a “kindly” quaker environment

Both credited by many TR historians as planting the seeds of TR

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20
Q

What was Florence Nightingale’s influence on the development of TR?

A

-british nurse during times of war 1854-1870’s, used recreation to combat side effects of soldiering - injury, drinking and depression. Involved pets, music, games, socializing and colour - beautiful environments, established Inkerman cafe - rec room and coffee house on hospital grounds

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21
Q

Describe the playground movement

A

latter half of the 19th century, establishment of community centres during growth of cities and recognition of the role of health and wellness, recreation used as an instrument for social change, joseph lee sand play

22
Q

Describe the concept of dignity of risk

A

-recognition that life experiences come with risk and that we need to support people in experiencing success and failure in their lives

23
Q

Name 5 tenets in TR

A
  • choice, choice choice!
  • TR focuses on the process, not the outcome
  • TR is action/experience oriented
  • Illness and wellness are dimensions of health on a continuuum
  • Emphasis is on client as a person, not the activity
24
Q

Identify the 6 humanistic values

A
  • All people are unique and possess dignity and worth
  • All people have a need to find meaning in their lives
  • All people are capable of growth and change
  • All people have the capacity to be good and do good
  • All people want to grow and self actualize
  • All people have a need to belong and feel valued
25
Q

Name the 4 General TR Philosophical Beliefs

A
  • Person 1st, disability or illness 2nd
  • all people have a right to quality of life
  • all people have a right to leisure
  • leisure and recreation promote/increase quality of life
26
Q

what are 3 ways that we can take action to change the attitudes of others?

A
  • focus on similarities
  • view everyone as a part of humanity
  • adopt a person centered approach
27
Q

what are the differences in the terms: disability, impairment, handicap and what are the four types of barriers(social,physical, personal, resource?)

A
  • disability: reduction or depravation of a skill or power
  • impairment: used in reference to a condition, not a person
  • handicap: artificial advantage given to equalize chance of winning

4 barriers are:

  • social - other peoples negative attitudes and behaviour
  • personal - lacking knowledge or information about own abilities or disabilities
  • physical - inacessible buildings, parks, transportation etc
  • resource - lack of funds, training, partner
28
Q

what are the differences between stigma; sterotype, discrimination, segregation and examples as well as self-fulfilling prophecy; internalized oppression; spread phenomenon; over exaggeration assumption?

A

Stigma - a difference that is seen to “discredit a persons moral character” ex. Schizophrenia - mental health

Stereotype - an attitude or judgement about members of a group - oversimplified ex. All people living with schizophrenia are violent

Discrimination - making a distinction categorically rather than individually, then acting differently towards that person ex. Those people shouldn’t live in my neighbourhood

Segregation - isolated because of discrimination ex. They should go live in the DTES

Self-fulfilling prophecy - when one person’s expectation of another person’s behaviour becomes an accurate prediction of that person’s behaviour - they do what is expected. Ex. verbal abuse situations, believing what others say will happen and then it becomes true - do whats expected

Internalized oppression - believing what others say about you

Spread phenomenon - associating additional disabilities or “negative” attributes to a person ex. Verbal communication challenges means lack of intelligence

Overexaggeration assumption - others believe that disability is the focus of a persons life ex. Disreguard that the person has regular relationships, leisure, work

29
Q

What is inclusion?

A

Inclusion - inclusion provides opportuity for a participant to choose to be with their peers in the regular setting and also provides the supports and accomodations needed to ensure personally satisfying and valued participation

30
Q

What is integration?

A

Integration - physical: physical presence of people with disabilities, social: participation in social interactions and relationships

31
Q

What is social role valorization?

A

Social role valorization - multifaceted model of self-concept where one’s perceptions of self come from interactions with significant others, social role valorization theory advocates for each individuals rights and responsibility to assume a valued social role in society and society’s obligation to allow individuals to pursue that role without constraint

32
Q

What is normalization?

A

Normalization - Nirje’s: normalization means that you act right when making available to persons with intellectual and other impairments or disabilities, patterns of life and conditions of everyday living are as close as possible to or indeed the same as the regular circumstances and ways of life of their communities.
Wolfensberger: specifiying various standards of behaviour to which a mentally handicapped person must conform
Normalization - based upon a humanistic, egalitarian value base, emphasizing freedom of choice and the right to self determination, emphasizes clearly respect for the individual and his or her right to be different

33
Q

What is self-determination?

A

Self-determination - essentially the ability of a person to be autonomous regarding meaningful life choices and it encompasses activities such as problem solving, deicison making, goal setting, self-observation and evaluation, self-management and reinforcement, acquiring an internal locus of control, experiencing positive attributions of efficacy and outcome expectancy, developing a realistic and positive self image and self awareness

Process of being self determined:

  1. Able to identify and express needs
  2. Set goals and expectations to meet needs
  3. Make choices and plans to meet goals
  4. Take action to meet plan
  5. Evaluate
  6. Adjust plans and actions if necessary
34
Q

How are our attitudes and ultimately our behaviours developed? 5 steps

A
  • antecedents: circumstances that set the foundation of a persons beliefs
  • beliefs: what you believe to be true
  • attitudes: come from your emotion, antecedents and beliefs
  • intentions: what we intend to do is not what we always do
  • behaviours: any observable and measureable act, response, or movement by an individual that can be detected with at least one of the 5 senses
35
Q

Understand quality of life - being, belonging, becoming

A

-quality of life research unit has defined quality of life as “the degree to which a person enjoys the important qualities of his or her life” being, belonging and becoming are shown as the major three areas of quality of life

Quality of life: Emotional well being, personal development, physical well being, social inclusion, interpersonal relation, material well-being

Being (who one is)

  • Physical –> Health/Nutrition/Exercise
  • Psychological –> Feelings/emotions
  • Spiritual –> Personal values

Belonging (Connections with ones environment)

Physical –> Home, community, workplace

Social –> Family, friends, intimate others

Community –> Adequate income, education/rec programs

Becoming

(Achieving personal goals, hopes, aspirations)

Practical –> Domestic activities, paid work

Leisure –> Activities promoting relaxation/Stress reduction

Growth –> Adapting to change

36
Q

define well-being - 2 defining aspects

A

A state of successful satisfaction of ones cognitive, physical, and social-emotional potential*

Experiencing positive affect and emotion on a daily basis
Cultivation and expression of ones full potential including strengths, capacities and assets

37
Q

write out your definiton of TR and evaluate it against the 5 requirements of a definiton

A

”therapeutic recreation is a mean to improve people’s quality of life through various purposeful methods pertaining to or including recreation and leisure”

  1. Systematic process
    - planned,designed, purposeful
  2. Favourable changes
    - promote,improve
  3. Use of recreation and leisure as modalities
    - leisure,recreation
  4. Persons served
    - individuals,clients,patients, consumers
  5. Health promotion outcome
    - health,quality of life, leisure lifestyle
38
Q

What are 2 trends in TR? 3 Issues?

A

-Two trends: Positive psychology and strengths-based approach, aging population and chronic conditions

  • Three issues:
    1. defining the profession - still lack of clarity where the TR profession is focused
    2. clear commitment to the profession by graduates and practitioners - practicing without therapeutic intent, not using theory, not respecting the value that TR has to change lives
    3. Entrance to practice - PT and OT now masters level in CAN and US, will TR follow?
39
Q

What is the name of the association in BC that considers all recreation professionals?

A

British Columbia Recreation and Parks Association

40
Q

what is the name of the association in BC that advocates for TR professionals?

A

British Columbia Therapeutic Recreation Association

41
Q

Describe a person centered approach

A

-Treating each person as a unique human being with potential for growth and learning

42
Q

Describe the main purpose and underlying principles of a strengths-based approach

A
  • 1)What people want their lives to be like-helping people reach their goals and aspirations
    2) What strengths and resources people need or have to get there
    3) Learning, growth and capacity- building, resources, knowledge and skills

Looking at what people have (resources, knowledge etc.) and are capable of (strengths) and then using those to help reach their goals

Focuses on/looks at:
• What people want their lives to be like – helping people reach their goals and aspirations
• What strengths and resources people need or have to get there
• Learning, growth and capacity-building – building resources, knowledge and skills
Considers ecological perspective
• Context matters – environment has the potential to contribute to growth and adaptation – home, community, world
• Important belief is that the whole is > than the sum of individual elements or people i.e. strength in numbers
Considers the principles of positive psychology
• Positive and enabling institutions  positive relationships  display of positive traits which facilitate positive experiences and emotions  life that is satisfying, health-producing and long i.e. Q of L
The whole includes not only people and their physical environment but also their culture, politics and norms. Context i.e. culture, religious beliefs, politics

43
Q

What is the meaning of sensitive terminology?

A

How we use words to communicate positive attitudes towards individuals living with disabilities, that are appropriate and ensures each person is treated with respect and equality

44
Q

what are the 3 areas of the LA model

A

Functional Intervention
Leisure Education
Recreation Participation

45
Q

What are the 3 purposes of intervention in each area of the LA model?

A

to improve functional abilities
to acquire leisure knowledge and skills
to engage in organized participation opportunities

46
Q

What does PINFED stand for?

A 
Practice and application of skills 
Inclusion into community services
Normalization of institutional routines 
Focus on well aspects
Expression of a leisure lifestyle
Diversion or palliative care
47
Q

What does SPECS stand for?

A 
Social
Physical
Emotional
Cognitive
Spiritual
48
Q

what are the 4 areas of leisure education?

A
  • leisure awareness skills
  • social interaction skills
  • leisure activity skills
  • leisure resource skills
49
Q

What are the sub components of leisure awareness skills?

A

-Knowledge of leisure
(Definitions, barriers, benefits, concept of responsibility)

-Self awareness
(Perceived abilities, patterns, personal resources)

-Leisure and play attitudes
(Past, current, future, leisure attitudes, beliefs, relationship between attitudes).

-Leisure related decision making skills
(Leisure planning skills, problem solving skills, coping)

50
Q

What are the sub components of social interaction skills?

A

-Communication skills
(Listening, conversational, assertiveness, negotiation)

-Relationship building skills
(Greetings, friendships, development, self disclosure and privacy, cooperative and competitive skills)

-Self presentation skills
(Appropriate attire, politeness, etiquette, hygiene, grooming, responsibility for self care)

51
Q

What are the sub components of leisure activity skills?

A

-Traditional leisure skills
(sports, dance, drama, crafts, music, hobbies)

-Non-Traditional leisure skills
(Television internet video, games cooking, travel, pets)

52
Q

What are the sub components of leisure resource skills?

A

-Activity opportunities
(wide range of activities/leisure opportunities available)

-Personal resources
(finances, education, time, management, athleticism)

-Family & home resources
(Telephone, tools, books, transportation, internet)

-Community Resources
(Pool, gym church, clubs)

-Provincial & National resources
(Parks, camping, museums, ski resorts)

THRT 1101 (4 decks)

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