Final exam Flashcards
Social psychology
The scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people
Stereotype
a generalization about a groups characteristics that does not consider any variation from one to another
Self-fulfilling prophecy
social expectations cause individuals to act in ways that make their expectations come true
Attribution theory
states that people are motivated to discover the underlying causes of behavior in order to make sense of that behavior
Stereotype threat
an individuals fast-acting self-fulfilling fear of being judged based on a negative stereotype about their group
Fundamental attribution error
example- you honk your horn because you are in a hurry, but the person you honked at thinks you a just a jerk
False-consensus effect
an overestimation of the degree to which everyone else thinks or acts the way they do
Social comparison theory
process by wich we evaluate our thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to others.
Cognitive dissonance theory
the psychological discomfort caused by 2 inconsistent thoughts
-Ex. What we believe, and what we do
Elaboration likelihood model of persuasion
identifies 2 pathways of persuasion, central and peripheral
central persuasion
engages the audience with sound logic
peripheral persuasion
involves factors such as attractiveness and emotional appeal
Social exchange theory
based on the idea of social relationships as involving exchange of goods
Solomons asch’s experiment
line experiment, social conformity
Stanford prison experiment
trailer
Stanley Milgram experiment
shocking machine
Defining abnormality
Devient, maladaptive, or personally distressful behavior over a relatively long period of time
Medical model
describes psychological disorders as medical diseases with a biological origin
Biopsychosocial model
the combination of biological, psychological and sociocultural factors to produce normal/abnormal behaviors
DSM classification system
american psychiatric association’s major classifications of disorders
ADHD
neurological disorder characterised by persistand problems in sustaining attention and difficulty engaging in quiet activities for prolonged periods of time
Generalized anxiety disorder
sufferers experience anxiety for up to 6 months after an event, unable to specify why
Panic disorder
person experiences recurrent sudden onsets of intense terror, often without warning or specific cause.
Specific phobia
psychological disorder where an individual has irrational, overwhelming, persistent fear of a particular object or situation
Obsessive compulsive disorder
eatures anxiety provoking thoughts that will not go away and/or urges to perform repetitive ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation
Most common compulsions
excessive checking, cleansing, counting
Excoriation
skin picking, picking of the skin, sometimes until injury -most common among women
Trichotillomania
hair pulling, compulsive hair pulling
Body dysmorphic disorder
a distressing preoccupation with imagines or slight flaws with physical appearance
PTSD
a disorder that develops through exposure to a traumatic event that overwhelms the persons ability to cope
Major depressive disorder
involves significant depressive episodes and depressed characteristics such as lethargy and hopelessness for at least 2 weeks
Bipolar disorder-
disorder characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania (over excited, unrealistic optimistic state)
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
a depressive disorder in children who show persistent irritability and recurrent episodes of out-of-control behavior
Schizophrenia
severe psychological disorder characterized by highly disordered thought processes
Hallucinations
sensory experiences that occur in the absence of real stimuli
Delusions
false, unusual, magical beliefs that are not part of an individual’s culture. Ex. might think they are jesus or muhamed, might think their thoughts are being broadcast over the radio
Negative symptoms-
loss or decrease of normal function Ex. social withdrawal, behavior defects, lack of emotion
Positive symptoms
a distortion or excess of normal function, Ex hallucinations, delusions. Disorders of movement
Antisocial personality disorder
characterized by guiltlessness, law breaking, exploitation of others, irresponsibility, and deceit
General adaptation syndrom (GAS)
consists of 3 stages
- alarm
- resistance
- exhaustion
Psychoneuroimmunology
explores the connections among psychological factors (attitudes and emotions) with the nervous system and immune system
Stress and the immune system
stress decreases immune system functioning
Type A personality
competitive, hard driven, impatient, aggressive
Type B personality
relaxed
Primary appraisal
individuals interpret if an event involves harm or loss that has already occurred, and treat of some future danger or challange
Secondary appraisal
individuals evaluate their resources and determine how they can cope with the event
Stress management programs
teach individuals how to appraise stressful avent, and develop coping skills
