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Psych 111 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

During their lifetimes, approximately ________ of Americans will experience some type of mental disorder.

A

50%

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2
Q

Know what global assessment of functioning is.

A

A 0 to 100 rating of a person with the most severe disorders indicated by lower numbers.

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3
Q

The diathesis-stress model explains disease as the result of:

A

a person my be predisposed for a psychological disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress

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4
Q

Human beings and monkeys have been shown to be instinctively primed to learn fears of certain things, such as of snakes and spiders. Which of the following theories supports this proposition?

A

Preparedness theory

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5
Q

Which brain structure has been implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A

Cuadate neucleus

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6
Q

Know some of the symptoms associated with suicide:

A

talk about suicide, upturn in mood after long depressive episode, failed love interest, stressful event that is shameful, family history of suicide, decline in school or work performance, withdrawal from friends, feelings of being trapped.

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7
Q

The primary reason why dissociative identity disorder replaced the term multiple personality disorder is that:

A

Multiple infers that more than one person is in “residence”

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8
Q

Know the different subtypes of schizophrenia.

A

Paranoid: symptoms dominated by absurd, illogical, changeable delusions, vivid hallucinations; Catatonic: atlernating periods of extreme withdrawal and extreme excitement;
Disorganized: occurs at earlier age usually, more severe disintegration of personality. Emotional distoriton, inappropriate laughter, perculiar mannerisms;
Undifferetiated: a rapidly changing mixture of all or most of the primary indicators of schizophrenia.

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9
Q

The avoidant personality type differs from the schizoid personality type in that:

A

avoidant: socially anxious and uncomforatble Schizoid: extreme introversion and withdrawal from relationships (prefers to be alone)

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10
Q

Functions of DSM:

A

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is used by clinicians and psychiatrists to diagnose psychiatric illnesses.?

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11
Q

GAD is least prevalent in:

A

rural areas

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12
Q

Theorist that emphasized thought in depression:

A

Beck

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13
Q

Highest heritability:

A

bipolar

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14
Q

Discociative fuge: Amnesia:

A

whole identiy gone; **

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15
Q

Concerdence of schizophrenia among twins

A

higher

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16
Q

Know some of the barriers to seeking treatment for a mental disorder:

A

Barriers such as beliefs and circumstances (family discourages them from going, lack of medical insurance, problems in treatment facility (long wait-list inadequate staff)

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17
Q

What did Sigmund Freud call a reluctance to cooperate with treatment for fear of confronting unpleasant unconscious material?

A

Resistance

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18
Q

Know what Carl Jung meant by the collective unconscious:

A

culturally determined myths and symbols shared among all people

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19
Q

Know what systematic desensitization is.

A

Client relaxes all muscles of his or her body while imagining themselves in increasingly frightening situations

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20
Q

In their interactions with clients, person-centered therapists are encouraged to demonstrate three basic qualities, _____, _____, and _unconditional _______, in order for growth to occur.

A

congruence; empathy; positive regard

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21
Q

Know some of the advantages of group therapy:

A

clients can practice relating to each other; shows clients they aren’t alone; members model appropriate behaviors for one another, it is often just as effective as individual therapy

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22
Q

An ancient biological treatment for mental disorders, evidenced by holes in the skulls, was known as:

A

trepanning

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23
Q

Atypical antipsychotics work on both the dopamine and the ______ systems.

A

serotonin

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24
Q

Antidepressants are commonly used to treat not only depression, but also:

A

anxiety disorder

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25
Q

What treatment is sometimes used for severe depression when medication is not working?

A

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

26
Q

Transference – psychoanalytic theory -

A

therapist=parents

27
Q

Interpersonal therapy (ITP) -

A

focus on fixing current relationships

28
Q

Cognitive restructuring (Audrey broke up) -

A

Cognitive restructuring is a psychotherapeutic process of learning to identify and dispute irrational or maladaptive thoughts, such as all-or-nothing thinking (splitting), magical thinking and emotional reasoning, which are commonly associated with many mental health disorders.[1] Cognitive Restructuring (CR) employs many strategies, such as Socratic questioning, thought recording and guided imagery and is used in many types of therapies, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and rational emotive therapy (RET).

29
Q

Congrence, positive regard, unconditional empathy

A

– Humanistic therapy techniques

30
Q

Tard of dicercsia—

A

side-effect of antipsychotics

31
Q

What is the best way to make it less likely that people will be influenced by demand characteristics?

A

Naturalistic observation

32
Q

Empericism

A

how to know stuff; learn from observation

33
Q

Mean, median, mode:

A

average, most common, center #

34
Q

The __ is a brain structure that plays a role in the regulation of activation, arousal, and sleep.

A

reticular formation

35
Q

Agonist:

A

what makes axon fire

36
Q

axon and mylean sheath: -

A

axon transmits message, mylean sheath covers…?

37
Q

The binding problem of perception is concerned with how:

A

features are linked together so that we see unified objects in our visual world rather than free floating or miscombined features

38
Q

Why blind spot

A

(no rodas and cones, optic nerve)

39
Q

What causes eardrum to viabrate:

A

soundwaves

40
Q

The issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body is known as the:

A

mind/body problem

41
Q

Huffing:

A

inhaling chemicals

42
Q

The most effective form of elaborative rehearsal appears to be linking new information to:

A

current information

43
Q

general knowledge (facts ) (who wants to be a millionaire):

A

semantic

44
Q

The “positive” in positive reinforcement and positive punishment means that:

A

when the reinforcement and punishment are added

45
Q

Stimulus generalization:

A

can opener

46
Q

Cognitive map –

A

rats in maze

47
Q

The sentences “The dog chased the cat” and “The cat was chased by the dog” have ________ deep structure and ________ surface structure.

A

low deep structure and high surface structure

48
Q

Over generalization in grammar

A

child generalizes grammar principles… I runned.

49
Q

A statistic that describes the proportion of the difference between people’s scores that can be explained by differences in their genetic makeup is called:

A

heretibility

50
Q

Different types of intelligence:

A

crystallized and fluid

51
Q

Understand words=

A

verbal comprehension

52
Q

Marital satisfaction is lowest when?

A

Babies and teens

53
Q

theory of mind

A

he idea that human behavior is guided by mental representations.

is the ability to attribute mental states—beliefs, intents, desires, pretending, knowledge, etc.—to oneself and others and to understand that others have beliefs, desires, and intentions that are different from one’s own

54
Q

Susan loved her new baby brother, but sometimes she secretly wished she were still the only child in the family. Which defense mechanisms would she be using if she snuggled him a little too roughly?

A

Reaction formation

55
Q

demensions of personaility

A

CANOE

56
Q

Basic motives: most basic

A

=pleasure seeking

57
Q

dispositional:

A

situation are more complex

58
Q

Behaviorism of John Watson described as:

A

focusing only on behavior (not inner thoughts); Concrete facts, what you can see and measure

59
Q

William James was a:

A

functionalist (what is the purpose, not how)

60
Q

Freud’s stages

A

oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital

61
Q

Cognitive psychologists:

A

the scientific study of mental processes, including perception, thought, memory, and reasoning.

attention, memory, decision

62
Q

Behavior by two or more individuals that leads to mutual benefit is called:

A

cooperation

Psych 111 (4 decks)

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