Final Exam Flashcards
During their lifetimes, approximately ________ of Americans will experience some type of mental disorder.
50%
Know what global assessment of functioning is.
A 0 to 100 rating of a person with the most severe disorders indicated by lower numbers.
The diathesis-stress model explains disease as the result of:
a person my be predisposed for a psychological disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress
Human beings and monkeys have been shown to be instinctively primed to learn fears of certain things, such as of snakes and spiders. Which of the following theories supports this proposition?
Preparedness theory
Which brain structure has been implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Cuadate neucleus
Know some of the symptoms associated with suicide:
talk about suicide, upturn in mood after long depressive episode, failed love interest, stressful event that is shameful, family history of suicide, decline in school or work performance, withdrawal from friends, feelings of being trapped.
The primary reason why dissociative identity disorder replaced the term multiple personality disorder is that:
Multiple infers that more than one person is in “residence”
Know the different subtypes of schizophrenia.
Paranoid: symptoms dominated by absurd, illogical, changeable delusions, vivid hallucinations; Catatonic: atlernating periods of extreme withdrawal and extreme excitement;
Disorganized: occurs at earlier age usually, more severe disintegration of personality. Emotional distoriton, inappropriate laughter, perculiar mannerisms;
Undifferetiated: a rapidly changing mixture of all or most of the primary indicators of schizophrenia.
The avoidant personality type differs from the schizoid personality type in that:
avoidant: socially anxious and uncomforatble Schizoid: extreme introversion and withdrawal from relationships (prefers to be alone)
Functions of DSM:
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is used by clinicians and psychiatrists to diagnose psychiatric illnesses.?
GAD is least prevalent in:
rural areas
Theorist that emphasized thought in depression:
Beck
Highest heritability:
bipolar
Discociative fuge: Amnesia:
whole identiy gone; **
Concerdence of schizophrenia among twins
higher
Know some of the barriers to seeking treatment for a mental disorder:
Barriers such as beliefs and circumstances (family discourages them from going, lack of medical insurance, problems in treatment facility (long wait-list inadequate staff)
What did Sigmund Freud call a reluctance to cooperate with treatment for fear of confronting unpleasant unconscious material?
Resistance
Know what Carl Jung meant by the collective unconscious:
culturally determined myths and symbols shared among all people
Know what systematic desensitization is.
Client relaxes all muscles of his or her body while imagining themselves in increasingly frightening situations
In their interactions with clients, person-centered therapists are encouraged to demonstrate three basic qualities, _____, _____, and _unconditional _______, in order for growth to occur.
congruence; empathy; positive regard
Know some of the advantages of group therapy:
clients can practice relating to each other; shows clients they aren’t alone; members model appropriate behaviors for one another, it is often just as effective as individual therapy
An ancient biological treatment for mental disorders, evidenced by holes in the skulls, was known as:
trepanning
Atypical antipsychotics work on both the dopamine and the ______ systems.
serotonin
Antidepressants are commonly used to treat not only depression, but also:
anxiety disorder
What treatment is sometimes used for severe depression when medication is not working?
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Transference – psychoanalytic theory -
therapist=parents
Interpersonal therapy (ITP) -
focus on fixing current relationships
Cognitive restructuring (Audrey broke up) -
Cognitive restructuring is a psychotherapeutic process of learning to identify and dispute irrational or maladaptive thoughts, such as all-or-nothing thinking (splitting), magical thinking and emotional reasoning, which are commonly associated with many mental health disorders.[1] Cognitive Restructuring (CR) employs many strategies, such as Socratic questioning, thought recording and guided imagery and is used in many types of therapies, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and rational emotive therapy (RET).
Congrence, positive regard, unconditional empathy
– Humanistic therapy techniques
Tard of dicercsia—
side-effect of antipsychotics
What is the best way to make it less likely that people will be influenced by demand characteristics?
Naturalistic observation
Empericism
how to know stuff; learn from observation
Mean, median, mode:
average, most common, center #
The __ is a brain structure that plays a role in the regulation of activation, arousal, and sleep.
reticular formation
Agonist:
what makes axon fire
axon and mylean sheath: -
axon transmits message, mylean sheath covers…?
The binding problem of perception is concerned with how:
features are linked together so that we see unified objects in our visual world rather than free floating or miscombined features
Why blind spot
(no rodas and cones, optic nerve)
What causes eardrum to viabrate:
soundwaves
The issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body is known as the:
mind/body problem
Huffing:
inhaling chemicals
The most effective form of elaborative rehearsal appears to be linking new information to:
current information
general knowledge (facts ) (who wants to be a millionaire):
semantic
The “positive” in positive reinforcement and positive punishment means that:
when the reinforcement and punishment are added
Stimulus generalization:
can opener
Cognitive map –
rats in maze
The sentences “The dog chased the cat” and “The cat was chased by the dog” have ________ deep structure and ________ surface structure.
low deep structure and high surface structure
Over generalization in grammar
child generalizes grammar principles… I runned.
A statistic that describes the proportion of the difference between people’s scores that can be explained by differences in their genetic makeup is called:
heretibility
Different types of intelligence:
crystallized and fluid
Understand words=
verbal comprehension
Marital satisfaction is lowest when?
Babies and teens
theory of mind
he idea that human behavior is guided by mental representations.
is the ability to attribute mental states—beliefs, intents, desires, pretending, knowledge, etc.—to oneself and others and to understand that others have beliefs, desires, and intentions that are different from one’s own
Susan loved her new baby brother, but sometimes she secretly wished she were still the only child in the family. Which defense mechanisms would she be using if she snuggled him a little too roughly?
Reaction formation
demensions of personaility
CANOE
Basic motives: most basic
=pleasure seeking
dispositional:
situation are more complex
Behaviorism of John Watson described as:
focusing only on behavior (not inner thoughts); Concrete facts, what you can see and measure
William James was a:
functionalist (what is the purpose, not how)
Freud’s stages
oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital
Cognitive psychologists:
the scientific study of mental processes, including perception, thought, memory, and reasoning.
attention, memory, decision
Behavior by two or more individuals that leads to mutual benefit is called:
cooperation
