Exam 3 Chapters 10-13?

Question 1

The first intelligence test was developed in order to:

Answer 1

identify children who needed remedial education

Question 2

The ratio IQ is calculated by the formula:

Answer 2

(Mental age/Physical age) x 100

Question 3

A _________ approach to describing middle-level abilities starts with peoples’ responses on intelligence tests and then looks to see what kinds of independent clusters these responses form.

Answer 3

data-based

Question 4

Robert Sternberg suggested that there are three kinds of intelligence, which include

Answer 4

analytical, creative, and practical intelligence

Question 5

The heritability coefficient of intelligence is roughly:

Answer 5

50%, 50% of the intelligence’s differences are because of genes, 50% is environment

Question 6

Know the difference between “absolute” and “relative” intelligence.

Answer 6

Relative Intelligence: your intelligence relative to your peers, ex. if you are in the top 10% of school, you’ll generally stay in top 10% of peers
Absolute Intelligence: this intelligence changes drastically over time, increasing through adolescents, and declining after middle age.

Question 7

The Flynn Effect refers to the fact that:

Answer 7

average intelligence test scores have been increasing .3% every year.

Question 8

Know, generally, how people of different ethnicities compare in terms of IQ scores.

Answer 8

Whites outscore Latinos, and Latinos outscore Blacks

Question 9

The biggest reason why African Americans have lower intelligence scores than European Americans is probably that:

Answer 9

environment has the biggest influence; poorer diets, poorer medical care, attend worse schools, higher chance of living in single parent home, etc.

Question 10

About what percentage of zygotes do not complete the journey down the fallopian tube?

Answer 10

50%

Question 11

Two-year-old Peter has short eye openings, a flat midface, an indistinct ridge under his nose, and a thin upper lip. An alert pediatrician is likely to diagnose:

Answer 11

Fetal Alcohol syndrome

Question 12

Know the difference between accommodation and assimilation according to Piaget. Also know what is meant by the term Conservation according to Piaget

Answer 12

–assimilation,which occurs when infants apply their schemas in novel situations
–accommodation, which occurs when infants revise their schemas in light of new information.
–conservation, which is the notion that the quantitative properties of an object are invariant despite changes in the object’s appearance.

Question 13

The strange situation test measures a child’s:

Answer 13

attachment style

Question 14

A large study of North American children who spent time in day care found that the quality of attachment between children and their mothers was influenced most strongly by:

Answer 14

The mother’s sensitivity and responsiveness to the child.

Question 15

The term temperament is defined in the text as:

Answer 15

characteristic patterns of emotional reactivity

Question 16

According to Erik Erikson’s stages of human development, the major task confronting 15-year-old Tony is to develop:

Answer 16

a sense of self in relation to other people and to his inner thoughts.

Question 17

People’s overall happiness generally ________ with age.

Answer 17

increases

Question 18

The technique most widely used by psychologists to collect information about someone’s personality structure is:

Answer 18

Self-report

Question 19

Know some of the strengths and weaknesses of the Rorschach Inkblot Test?

Answer 19

a projective personality test in which individual interpretations of the meaning of a set of unstructured inkblots are analyzed to identify a respondent’s inner feelings and interpret his or her personality structure

Question 20

Cattell (1950) proposed a theory of personality consisting of ________ factors.

Answer 20

16

Question 21

Know the big-5 personality factors.

Answer 21

CANOE

Question 22

Sigmund Freud held that the ego operates on ________, the regulating mechanism that enables the individual to delay the gratification of immediate needs and operate effectively in the world.

Answer 22

reality principle

Question 23

Teresa really liked and admired her sister Valerie. Valerie was a very good volleyball player, and Teresa felt that she herself was not very good at volleyball. However, when Teresa played volleyball, she started to act and talk like Valerie. Which defense mechanism did Teresa use when she played volleyball?

Answer 23

Identification

Question 24

The human motive toward meeting our inner potential is termed:

Answer 24

self-actualizing tendency

Question 25

Social cognitive psychologists disagree on the question of whether our behavior is caused more by our personalities or by situations we encounter, a quandary known as the:

Answer 25

person-situation controversy

Question 26

According to the social cognitive approach, dimensions people use in making sense of their experiences are called:

Answer 26

personal constructs

Question 27

Know what is meant by the term social influence?

Answer 27

The ability to control another person’s behavior.

Question 28

In the prisoner’s dilemma, what strategy results in the largest penalty?

Answer 28

If both confess they each get 10 years. If only one confesses he gets 30 years while the other gets 0

Question 29

Know the difference between passionate love and companionate love

Answer 29

passionate love, which is an experience involving feelings of euphoria, intimacy, and intense sexual

Question 30

What is the reason why most American females marry:

Answer 30

Love

Question 31

The ability to control another person’s behavior is termed:

Answer 31

Social influence

Question 32

People are more likely to leave bigger tips if the waitress gives customers a piece of candy with their bill due to:

Answer 32

norm of reciprocity

Question 33

What did the experimenter in the Milgram obedience studies do to get the participants to continue shocking the learner?

Answer 33

Used their status to convince the person that the researchers would take all responsibility for the actions caused by the shockers

Question 34

Print ads for cars are more likely to present a lot of facts than are print ads for clothing. Thus, the car manufacturers are relying on ________ persuasion.

Answer 34

systematic

Question 35

When a vacuum cleaner salesman persuades you to let him vacuum your living room for free, he is likely to increase his chances that he will make a sale. The salesman is using:

Answer 35

Foot-in-the-door technique

Question 36

Who is known for contributions to Stanford-Binet:

Answer 36

Lewis Truman

Question 37

Know the difference between crystallized and fluid intelligence

Answer 37

Crystallized - doesn’t change as much

Fluid - abstract/logical reasoning

Question 38

Know the difference between a prodigy and a savant

Answer 38

Prodigy - higher intelligence, great skill

Savant - below average intelligence, great skill

Question 39

Know the heritability coefficient of intelligence -

Answer 39

0.5 (50%)

Question 40

What age do kids start walking -

Answer 40

12 mo (seems late to me anecdotally, but that’s what Ross said in class)

Question 41

Pencils in M&M’s box -

Answer 41

3yo said they knew pencils were in there, 5yo said they thought it would be M&M’s

Question 42

Teens at risk for being pregnant -

Answer 42

dunno the other answers, but the correct one is Marci

Question 43

The longest living people are

Answer 43

Married

Question 44

The most productive point between anxiety and boredom is known as:

Answer 44

flow

Question 45

The best predictor of aggression is

Answer 45

gender (men)

Question 46

Most aggressive would be the young man with:

Answer 46

unusually high self esteem

Question 47

Know what deindividuation is:

Answer 47

• losing individual identity, take on identity of group

Question 48

In that experiment (the would you go to bed with me one) -

Answer 48

all women said no

Question 49

Roommate won’t lend you $50 but will lend you $10 -

Answer 49

Door in the face

Question 50

Nuns in a snowball fight - they’re not typical -

Answer 50

subtyping